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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初一年级（下）【学问梳理】I. 重点短语 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot of 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do ones homework10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfas
2、t 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. not at all 23. put away 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth. 3. would like sth. 4. wou
3、ld like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat. 6. How do you spell . .7. May I borrowIII. 交际用语1. Thanks very much. Youre welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. Whats wrong. 4. I think so. I dont think so. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. I want to take some books to the clas
4、sroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. Whats your favourite sport. 10. Dont worry. 11.I m not good at basketball.12. Do you want a go. 13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries. Yes, I do. /
5、No, I dont.15. We / They have some CDs. We / They dont have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow. -It s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please. -Certainly. Here you are. 18. -Where are you from. -From Beijing. 19. Whats your telephone number in New York. 20. -Do you like hot dogs.
6、 -Yes, I do. A little. / A lot. / Very much. -No, I dont. I dont like them at all. 21. -What does your mother like. -She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -When do you go to school every day. -I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening. -He goes to
7、bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法 1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4动词 have 的用法；5一般现在时构成和用法；6可数名词和不行数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right.That sright 意为 “对的 ”,表示赞同对方的看法、看法或行为,确定对方的答案或判定；例如：I think we must help the old man. 我想我们应当帮忙这位老人； Thats right .或 Youre right . 说得对 ；That sall right .意为
8、 “不用谢 ”、“ 没关系 ” ,用来回答对方的致谢或赔礼；例如：Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right. All right .意为 “ 行了 ” 、“可以 ” ,表示同意对方的建议或要求；有时仍可以表示“ 身体很好 ”Please tell me about it. 请把此事告知我； All right. 好吧； Is your mother all right. 你妈身体好吗名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2. mak
9、e/do 这两个词都可以说明为“做 ”,但含义却不同,不能混用；make 指做东西或制东西,do 指做一件详细的事；Can you make a paper boat for me. 你能为我做个纸船吗？Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业；3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口语化的最一般的一个词,意为“说出 ” 、“ 说道 ”,着重所说的话；如：“ Iwant to go there by bus” , he said . 他说, “ 我要坐汽车到那里去；”Please say it in English . 请用英语说；speak
10、: “说话 ” ,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词即后面不能直接接宾语 ；如：Can you speak about him. 你能不能说说他的情形？I don t like to speak like this. 我不喜爱这样说话；speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的才能；如：She speaks English well. 她英语说得好；talk : 与 speak 意义相近, 也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此, 一般也只用作不及物动词,不过, talk 示意话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话；如：I
11、would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事；Old women like to talk with children. 老年妇女喜爱和孩子们交谈；tell : “告知 ”,除较少情形外,一般后面总接双宾语；如：Hes telling me a story.他在给我讲故事；tell a lie 撒谎 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking
12、作“ 做饭 ” 解,属泛指；do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭；cooking 为动名词,不能 用作复数,但前面可用 some, much 修饰；从 do some cooking 可引出很多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 买些东西 do some reading 读书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼 从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用 some, much 或定冠词；go shopping 去买东西 go fishing 去钓鱼 go boating 去划船 go
13、swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 与 like to do sth. 意思相同, 但用法有区分； 前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和 常常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作；例如：He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming.他喜爱踢足球,但是他不喜爱和李明踢；6. other/ others/ the other/ another other 表其余的,别的,Have you any ot
14、her questions.你仍有其他问题吗 . others 别的人,别的东西 In the room some people are American, the others are French. 在屋子里一些人是 美国人 ,其他的是法国人；the other 表另一个（二者之中）one,the other第 3 页,共 11 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese. 我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文 ,另一个学
15、中文；another 表三者以上的另一个,另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf. 书架上仍可以放点书；7. in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为 在树上 但英语中有区分；in the tree 表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用 on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果；There is a bird in the
16、tree. 那棵树上有只鸟；8. some/ any 1 some和 any 既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不行数名词；但有以下两点需要留意；some 常用于确定句中,any 常用于否定句和疑问句中；如：There is some water in the glass. Is there any water in the glass. There isnt any water in the glass. 2 在说话者期望得到确定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示恳求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依旧用 some；如：Would you like some tea. 9. tall/ high 1 说人,动物,树
17、木等有生命的东西,主要用 tall,不用 high,例如a tall woman 一个高个子妇女a tall horse 一个高大的马2说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用 如：high,而不用 tall ,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上；The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高；3 指建筑物、山时要tall 或 high 都可以,不过high 的程度比 tall 高；4 high 可作副词, tall 不能；5 tall 的反义词为short, high 的反义词为low.
18、 10. can/ could 1 can 表示体力和脑力方面的才能,或依据客观条件能做某种动作的 才能；例如：Can you ride a bike ？ 你会骑自行车吗？What can I do for you ？ 要帮忙吗？Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2 can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的 Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？怀疑 推测 或不愿定；例如：It sur
19、ely cant be six oclock already ？不行能已经六点钟了吧？You cant be hungry so soon ,Tom, youve just had lunch. 汤姆,你不行能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭；What can he mean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中,can 可代替 may 表示 答应 ,may 比较正式；例如：You can come in any time. 你随时都可以来；- Can I use your pen ？我能用你的钢笔吗？- Of course ,you can.当然可以；You can have my seat,Im goin
20、g now. 我要走了,你坐我的座位吧；3 could could 是 can 的过去式,表示过去有过的才能和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）；例如：The doctor said he could help him. （才能）医生说他能帮忙他；Lily could swim when she was four years old.（才能）当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳；At that time we thought the story could be true. （可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的；could 可代替 can 表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为动听；例如：Could I speak
21、to John ,please？我能和约翰说话吗？Could you ？在口语中表示恳求对方做事；例如：Could you wait half an hour ？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six ？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？4 can 的形式 只有现在式 can 和过去式 could 两种形式；能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来；全部其他 时态（包括将来时）须用 be able to 加动词不定式来表示；例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing. 他们没有能到北京来；11.
22、look for/ find look for 意为 “查找 ”,而 find 意为 “找到,发觉 ”,前者强调 “ 找”这一动作,并不留意“找” 的结果,而后者就 强调 “ 找” 的结果；例如：She can t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦；Tom is looking for his watch ,but he cant find it. 汤姆正在查找他的手表,但没能找到；12. be sleeping/ be asleep be sleeping 表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉 ”；be asleep 表示状态,意思是“睡着了 ” ；如：-What are the c
23、hildren doing in the room. 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping. 他们正在睡觉；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - The children are asleep now. 现在孩子们睡着了；13. often/ usually/sometimes often 表示 常常 ,sometimes表示 有时候 ,在表示发生频率上often 要高于 usually ,usually 要高于 sometimes；这三个词表示的是常常性,一般性的动作或情形,常与一般现在时连用,
24、常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词（ be 动词,情态动词和助动词）的后面,有时也可位于句尾；假如要加强语气,就放在句首；We usually play basketball after school. 我们通常放学后打篮球；Sometimes I go to bed early. 有时,我睡觉很早；He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语；14. How much/ How many how much 常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are .How much is the skirt. 这条裙子多少
25、钱？How much are the bananas. 这些香蕉多少钱？how much 后加不行数名词,表示数量,意为“ 多少 “ ,how many 后加可数名词的复数形式；How much meat do you want. 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class. 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at be goodfor 表示 对 有好处 ,而 be bad for 表示 对 有害 ；be goodto 表示 对 友好 ,而 be bad to 表示 对 不好 ；be
26、good at 表示 善于,在 方面做得好 ,而 be bad at 表示 在 方面做得不好 ；Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处；Eating too much is bad for you health. 吃的太多对你的身体有害；Miss Li is good to all of us. 李老师对我们全部的人都很友好；The boss is bad to his workers. 这个老板对他的工人不好；Li Lei is good at drawing, but Im bad at it. 16. each/
27、every 李雷善于画画,但是我不善于；each 和 every 都有 每一个 的意思,但含义和用法不相同；each 从个体着眼, every 从整体着眼； each 可 用于两者或两者以上,every 只用于三者或三者以上；We each have a new book. 我们每人各有一本新书；There are trees on each side of the street. 街的两旁有树；He gets up early every morning. 每天早晨他都起得早；each 可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every 只能用作形容词；Each of them has his own
28、duty. 他们各人有各人的义务；They each want to do something different. 他们每个人都想做不同的事情；17. 一般现在时 /现在进行时一般现在时表示常常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的才能,仍有自然现象； 而现在进行第 6 页,共 11 页时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing ）；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - I do my homework in the evening. 我在晚上做作业；Im doing my homework now.
29、我现在正在做作业；现在进行常常与 now, these days, at the moment 或 Look, listen 等词连用；而一般现在常常与 often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays 等连用；We often clean the classroom after school. 我们常常放学后打扫教室；Look. They are cleaning the classroom . 看！他们正在打扫教室呢；【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人
30、称代词的用法,可数名词和不行数名词的构成和用法；2本册书中常见的交际用语3本册书中一些重点的词组和短语考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空；【中考范例】1.（2004 年安徽省中考试题）-Hurry up. Were all waiting for you.-I _ for an important phone call. Go without me. A. wait B. was waiting C. am waiting D. waited 【解析 】答案： C；表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时；2. 2004 年长春市中考试题 Could you help _ wit
31、h _ English, please. A. I, my B. me, me C. me, my D. my, I me, 其次个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代词my；【解析 】答案： C；第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格3.2004 年长春市中考试题 Dr. White can _ French very well. A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell 【解析 】答案： A；说什麽语言常用动词 speak；4.（2004 年黄冈中考试题）English is spoken by _ people. A. a lot B. much many C. a large
32、 number of D. a great deal of 【解析 】答案： C；只有 a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词 people；【满分演练】一. 单项挑选1. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears 2. Uncle Wang wants _ the machine like a bike. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. ride B. riding C. rides D. to
33、ride 3. Tom usually goes to bed _ ten oclock in the evening. A. at B. in C. on D. of 4. _ picture books in class, please. A. Not read B. No read C. Not reading D. Dont read 5. The box is too heavy. Let _ help you to carry it. A. we B. us C. ours D. our 6. Hurry up, _ well be late for the meeting. A.
34、 and B. but C. then D. or 7. People usually _ hello to each other when they make a phone call. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 8. Look. She _ a kite for her son. A. makes B. is making C. make D. making 9. These shoes are yours. Please _. A. put on them B. put on it C. put them on D. put it on 10. Sh
35、e often gets _ very late. A. home B. at home C. to home D. in home 11. I think the shop is closed _ this time of day. A. in B. on C. at D. for 12. I want _ of meat, please. A. half kilo B. a half kilo C. half a kilo D. a kilo half 13. - Is this black ruler _. - No. Its _. A. yours, his B. your, his
36、C. yours, him D. you, he 14. _ book on the desk is a useful （重要的） one. A. A B. An C. The D. / 15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the _. A. farm B. post office C. hotel D. hospital 16. Liu Mei often helps her mother _ housework. A. does B. do C.doing D. to doing 17. We watch evening news on _
37、 at 7:00 in the evening. A. CCTV B. CAAC C. WTO D. MTV 18. There _ a box of apples on the desk. A. are B. is C. has D. have 19. Would you like _ with me. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 20. Sometimes his brother _ TV after supper. A. watch B. sees C. watches D. is watching 二. 填空A. 依据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词1.
38、Kates glass is empty. She wants a f_ one. 2. I think my father can help you m_ your broken bike. 3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l_. 4. Please open the w_. Its getting hot here. 5. Something is w_ with my bike. May I borrow yours. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - -
39、- - - B. 依据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1. There are some _ there, talking loudly. woman 2. This blouse isnt hers. Its _. my 3. The people on the farm are very _. friend 4. Do you know _. he 5. Toms uncle can drive cars. He is a good _. drive C. 选词并用其适当形式填空work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, China, pla
40、y, climb 1. This is our _ desk. Ours are over there. 2. Bill has three _. One is new and the other two are old. 3. His uncle _ very young but he is over forty. 4. Lets _ basketball after class. 5. Look. The cats are _ up the trees. 6. The shop isnt open. Its _. 7. My brother _ some new picture books
41、. 8. In our classroom there is a large map of _. 9. Mum, please give me something to _. Im very hungry. 10. Does Mr Green like _ in this Chinese school. 三. 依据对话内容,从方框中挑选恰当的句子完成对话A. Please give it back soon. B. Its over there C. Certainly. When do you want it. D. Thank you very much. E. Black and red
42、, and its not very new. A: Excuse me, Lin Tao. B: Yes. A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours. B: _1_. A: This afternoon. B: OK. Heres the key. A: _2_. But where is it. B: _3_. A: What colour is it. B: _4_. A: I see. I think I can find it. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 11 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - B
43、: _5_. A: All right. See you. 四. 完型填空These days men and women , young and old are _1_ the same kind of _2_, and a lot of _3_ have long hair （头发） . We often cant _4_whether they are boys or girls, men or women. _5_ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is _6_ _7_ him. Oh, goodness. the old man says to the other one. Do you _8_ that person with long hair. Is it a boy