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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、京剧被誉为 “ 东方歌剧 ” , 是地道的中国国粹；它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧,特殊是南方的“ 徽班” ；到了 19 世纪末,京剧形成并成为中国最大 的戏曲剧种； 京剧是综合性表演艺术, 集唱（唱歌）、念（念白）、做（表演）、 打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一 体,通过程式化的表演手段,表达故事,刻画人物；角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当；1 京剧被誉为 “ 东方歌剧 ” , 是地道的中国国粹；Praised as “ Oriental Opera” , Beijing Opera is a genui
2、ne national quintessence of China. 2 它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧,特殊是南方 的“ 徽班 ” ；It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especiallyhuiban in southern China. 3 到了 19 世纪末,京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏 曲剧种；At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in Ch
3、ina. 4 京剧是综合性表演艺术, 集唱（唱歌）、念（念白）、做（表演）、 打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体,通过程1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 式化的表演手段,表达故事,刻画人物；Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatic fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters throug
4、h stylized acting. 5 角色主要分生（男性） 、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当；The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng male, dan young female, jing painted face, male, and chou clown, either male or female. 二、道教是中国土生土长的宗教；创始人是春秋末期 的哲学家、思想家老子；道教以老子所著的 道德经为主要经典；道教主见“ 重人贵生 ” , 崇尚清静无为,修身养性； “ 道可道,特别道；名可名,特别名；无名天
5、地之始；出名万物之母；故常无,欲以观其妙；常有,欲以观其徼 jiao4” 便是老子的至理名言；1 道教是中国土生土长的宗教；创始人是春秋末期 的哲学家、思想家老子；Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Lao-zi, a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period. 2 道教以老子所著的道德经为主要经典；2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
6、 Tao Te Ching, written by Lao-zi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. 3 道教主见 “重人贵生 ” , 崇尚清静无为,修身养性；Taoism advocates the value of a human being life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of
7、human nature. 4 “ 道可道,特别道；名可名,特别名；The following is an example of Lao-zi wise saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; the names that can be named are not unvarying names. 5 无名天地之始；出名万物之母；It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; the named is but the mother that rears
8、 the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. jiao4”6 故常无,欲以观其妙；常有,欲以观其徼 便是老子的至理名言；Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、中国成语是
9、汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固定词组或短语； “ 成语” 中的“ 成” 既是商定俗成；成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位；绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成,例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发；成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学 作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成；成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分；1 中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一般概念的固 定词组或短语；Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. 2 “ 成 语 ” 中 的 “ 成 ” 既 是
10、 约 定 俗 成 ； Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. 3 成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位；An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word 4 绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成,例如：自 强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发；Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters,
11、for example, ziqiangbuxi make unremitting efforts to improve oneself, qingchuyulan bluer than indigo, 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - and houjibofa success comes with time and effort. 5 成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓 言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成；Idioms are extracted from folk proverbs, ancient
12、 works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. 6 成语是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分；Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality. 四、中国是丝绸的家乡；栽桑、养蚕、缫 sao1丝、织绸是中国古代人民的宏大创造；商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已进展到相当高的水平；西汉时张骞出访西域,把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来,开创了中外沟通贸易的新纪元；从今中国的丝绸以其杰出的品质、
13、精致的花色和丰富的文化内涵著名于世,成为中国文化的象征 ,东方文明的使者；1 中国是丝绸的家乡；China is the home of silk. 2 栽桑、养蚕、缫 sao1丝、织绸是中国古代人民的 宏大创造；Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and silk weaving are all great inventions of the ancient 5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Chinese. 3 商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已进展到相当高的水
14、 平；As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Chinese people silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. 4 西汉时张骞出访西域,把中原与波斯湾、地中海 紧密联系起来,开创了中外沟通贸易的新纪元；During the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, traveled around central Asia and connectedChina with the Persian
15、Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. 5 从今中国的丝绸以其杰出的品质、精致的花色和 丰富的文化内涵著名于世, 成为中国文化的象征 ,东方 文明的使者；From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Since
16、 then, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization. 五、中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 地貌有机结合的环境艺术,是我国古代建筑艺术的珍 宝；其建造原就是 “ 妙极自然,宛自天开 ” ；游赏中国 古典园林,能充分领会 “ 假自然之景,创山水真趣” 的 园林意境；在世界三大园林体系中,中国园林历史悠 久
17、、内涵丰富,被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一；1 中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然 地貌有机结合的环境艺术,是我国古代建筑艺术的珍 宝；The Chinese classical garden, as a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape, is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architectur
18、e. 2 其建造原就是 “ 妙极自然,宛自天开 ” ；The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ” ingenious and natural.3 游赏中国古典园林,能充分领会 山水真趣 ” 的园林意境；“ 假自然之景,创When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept
19、 which “ makes use of the natural landscape to create 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” 4 Of the world three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world garden due to its l
20、ong history and abundant connotations. 六、笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的珍宝,被称为 “ 文房四宝 ” ； 用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前； 秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了自然墨； 有了纸张以后,简牍du2锦帛 bo2逐失其用；砚台就随笔墨的使用而进展；“ 文房四宝 ” 到宋朝以后特指湖笔、 徽墨、宣纸、端砚；可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明；1 笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书房当中必备的珍宝,被称为 “ 文房四宝 ” ；The Four Treasures of the Study - the writing brush,
21、ink stick, ink stone, and paperwere requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “ Four Treasures of the Study.” 2 用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前；The writing brush and ink stick have been used bythe Chinese to write and paint 5,000 years before. 8 名师归纳
22、总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3 秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工 制墨替代了自然墨；In the Qin Dynasty 221BC-206BC, people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty 206BC-220AD, man-made ink was used instead of natural ink. 4 有了纸张以后,简牍 du
23、2锦帛bo2逐失其用；砚 台就随笔墨的使用而进展；After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing surfaces, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. 5 “ 文房四宝 ” 到宋朝以后特指湖笔、 徽墨、宣纸、端 砚；After the
24、 Song Dynasty 960AD-1279AD, the “ Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang province; huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui province; and duanyan, 9 名师归纳总结 - -
25、- - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong province Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou. 6 可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明；Indeed, the Four Treasures of the Study” have writtthe whole Chinese civilization, as it is. 七、狮舞（ Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一；狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中,狮子被视为是
26、能带来好运的吉利物（mascot）；古人将狮子视作是英勇和力气的化身,能驱逐邪恶、爱护人类；据记载,狮舞已拥有了2,000 多年的历史；在唐代（the Tang Dynasty）,狮舞就已经被引入了皇室； 因此,舞 狮成为元宵节（ the Lantern Festival）和其它节日的 习俗,人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福；1 狮舞（ Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞 蹈之一；The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. 2 狮为百兽之首,在中国传统中,狮子被视为是能 带来好运的吉利物（ ma
27、scot）；lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. 10 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 3 古人将狮子视作是英勇和力气的化身,能驱逐邪恶、爱护人类；Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of bravery and strength, which could drive awa
28、y evil and protect humans. 4 据记载,狮舞已拥有了2,000 多年的历史；The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. 5 在唐代（ the Tang Dynasty）,狮舞就已经被引入 了皇室；During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. 6 因此,舞狮成为元宵节（ the Lantern Festival）和 其它节日的习俗, 人们以此来
29、祈祷好运、 平安和幸福；Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and on other festive occasions has become a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness. 八、中国将进一步进展经济、扩大开放,这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机；改革开放以来,中国企业与海外企业始终积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了庞大成就；海外企业不仅帮忙了中国企业的名师归纳总结 - - - - -
30、- -第 11 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 成长,而且也在合作中获得了收益；中国政府将连续供应有利的政策和条件,推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作；1 中国将进一步进展经济、扩大开放,这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机；China will further develop its economy and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. 2 改革开放以来,中国
31、企业与海外企业始终积极开展经济技术合作,并取得了庞大成就；Since Chinas reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have made great achievements. 3 海外企业不仅帮忙了中国企业的成长,而且也在 合作中获得了收益；Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises wi
32、th their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. 4 中国政府将连续供应有利的政策和条件,推动中 国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作；Chinese government will continue to offer favorable 12 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation betweenChinese andoverseas ent
33、erprises. 九、假日经济的现象说明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生庞大变化；依据统计数据,中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒服和个人发展的需求；同时,中国人的消费观在蓬勃进展的假日经济中正变得成熟；因此, 产品结构应做相应调整,来适应社会的进展；另一方面,服务质量要改善,以 满意人们提高生活质量的要求；1 假日经济的现象说明：中国消费者的消费观正在 发生庞大变化；The phenomenon of holiday economy shows thatChinese people great changes. s consumption concept is undert
34、aking 2 依据统计数据,中国消费者的消费需求正在从基 本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒服和个人进展的需求；According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. 3 同时,中国人的消费观在蓬勃进展的假日经济中 正变得成熟；因此 , 产品结构应做相应调整,来适应13 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - -
35、 - - - - - - - 社会的进展；Therefore, the structure of products should be adjustedaccordingly to adapt tothe social development. 4 另一方面,服务质量要改善,以满意人们提高生活质量的要求；On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people life. demand for an improved quality of 十、端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原；屈原是一位忠诚和受人仰慕的大臣（mi
36、nister）,他给国家带来了和平和富强； 但最终由于受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽；人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子,期望鱼儿吃粽子, 不要吃屈原的身躯； 几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟,特殊是在一些河湖密布的南方省份；1 端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原；The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. 2 屈原是一位忠诚和受人仰慕的大臣（minister）, 他
37、给国家带来了和平和富强；但最终由于受到诽谤14 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （vilify）而最终投河自尽；Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. 3人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子,期望鱼儿吃 粽子,不要吃屈原的身
38、躯；People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead ofQu Yuans body. 4几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟,特殊是在一些河湖密布的南 方省份；For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.15 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 15 页