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1、酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱acid-base disorders 酸碱失衡acid-base balance 酸碱平衡acute/chronic acidosis 急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia 酸血症acute/chronic alkalosis 急性/慢性碱中毒alkalemia 碱血症simple acid-base disorder 单纯性酸碱失衡mixed acid-base disorder 混合性酸碱失衡buffer system 缓冲对系统anion gap 阴离子间隙delta gap 阳离子间隙respiratory acidosis 呼酸respiratory alkalo
2、sis 呼碱metabolic acidosis 代酸metabolic alkalosis 代碱hypochloremia 低氯血症hyperchloremia 高氯血症hypoxemia 低氧血症hyperoxemia 高氧血症hypocalcemia 低钙血症hypercalcemia 高钙血症hypokalemia 低钾血症hyperkalemia 高钾血症hyponatremia 低钠血症hypernatremia 高钠血症magnesium deficiency 镁缺乏magnesium excess 镁过多hypomagnesemia 低镁血症hypermagnesemia 高镁
3、血症hypophosphatemia 低磷血症hyperphosphatemia 高磷血症hypercapnia 高碳酸血症posthypercapnic metabolic alkalosis 高碳酸血症后碱中毒diabetic ketoacidosis 糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia 尿毒症lactic acidosis 乳酸酸中毒saline-responsive alkalosis 盐水反应性碱中毒名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 13 页 - - -
4、 - - - - - - saline-resistant alkalosis 盐水抵抗性碱中毒isotonic dehydration 等渗性缺水hypotonic dehydration 低渗性缺水hypertonic dehydration 高渗性缺水 edema 水肿water intoxication 水中毒休克shock 休克hemorrhagic shock 失血性休克traumatic shock 创伤性休克septic shock脓毒性休克shock lung 休克肺shock kidney 休克肾软组织感染furuncle 疖paronychia 甲沟炎erysipelas
5、 丹毒acute phlegmon 急性蜂窝织炎acute lymphangitis 急性淋巴管炎acute lymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis 疖病carbuncle 痈abscess 脓肿acute ulcer急性溃疡chronic ulcer 慢性溃疡fistula cannulas瘘管sinus tract 窦道felon 脓性指头炎外科营养肠外营养parenteral nutrition 或 intravenous nutrition 肠内营养enteral nutrition 代谢性并发症metabolic complications 胆汁淤积choles
6、tasis 基础能量消耗basal energy expenditure BEE 误吸aspiration 腹泻diarrhea 外科手术手术刀 scalpel 刀片 blade 刀柄 hilt 手术剪 surgical scissors 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 止血钳 hemostatic forceps 直血管钳 straight clamp 弯血管钳Kelly clamp 蚊式止血钳mosquit
7、o forceps 有齿止血钳kocher forceps 手术镊forceps 组织钳 tissue forceps or allis forceps 持针器 needle holder 缝合针 suture needle 拉钩retractor 巾钳towel clip 环钳ring forceps 不可吸收缝线nonabsorbable suture 丝线silk suture 切开 incision 剥离 dissection 止血 hemostasis 结扎 ligation 缝合 suture 剪线 cutting suture 拆线 removing suture 引流 drai
8、nage 骨科arthro-关节articulo-关节cranio-颅osteo-骨burso-囊chondro-软骨costo-肋骨myelo-骨髓spondylo-椎骨thoraco-胸的vertebra-椎骨fascio-筋膜teno/tendo/tendino- 肌-kinesia 运-porosis 多孔-trophy 发育-malacia 软化1、 中轴骨AXIAL BONES bone n.骨rib n.肋vertebrae n.椎骨cervical vertebrae 颈椎thoracic vertebrae 胸椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sternum n.胸骨名
9、师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - sacrum n.骶骨coccyx 尾骨sternal manubrium 胸骨柄xiphoid process 剑突atlas n.寰椎axis n.枢椎sternal angle 胸骨角thoracic cage 胸廓2、颅 SKULL skull n. parietal bone 顶骨frontal bone 额骨occipital bone 枕骨emporal bone 颞
10、骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨ethmoid bone 筛 骨mandible n. 下 颌 骨hyoid bone 舌 骨vomer n.犁骨maxilla n.上颌骨palatine bone 腭骨nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨zygomatic bone 颧骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲orbit n.眶coronal suture冠状缝sagital suture 矢状缝lambdoid suture 人字缝cranial fontanelle 颅囟2、 附肢骨 TARSAL BONES AND EXTREMITAL BONES c
11、lavicle n. 锁 骨scapula n. 肩 胛humerus n. 肱 骨radius n.桡骨ulna n.尺骨carpal bone 腕骨metacarpal bone 掌骨phalanges n.指骨，趾骨hip bone 髋 骨ilium n.髂 骨ischium n.坐 骨pubis n.耻骨femur n.股骨patella n.髌骨tibia n.胫 骨fibula n.腓骨tarsal bone 跗 骨metatarsal bone 跖骨4、关节韧带名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精
12、心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - flexion n.屈extension n. 伸展adduction n.收medial rotation 旋内lateral rotation 旋外pronation n旋前. supination n.旋后circumduction n.环转vertebral column脊柱temporal-mandibular joint 颞下颌关节articulation n.关节ligament n.韧带intervertebral disc 椎间盘shoulder joint 肩关节elbow j
13、oint 肘关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节pelvis n.骨盆hip joint 髋关节knee joint 膝关节ankle joint 踝关节arthrography n.关节造影compacta n. 骨密度epiphysis n.骨骺ossification n.骨化synovial joints 滑膜关节fibrous 纤维连结syndesmosis 韧带连结cartilaginous joints 软骨连结articular surface (cavity)关节面 (腔) suture缝articular disk 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇
14、articular capsule关节囊extracapsular ligament 囊外韧带intracapsular ligament 囊内韧带yellow ligament 黄韧带fibrous layer (membrane) 纤维层，纤维膜synovial layer (membrane) 滑膜层，滑膜ynovial fold (villi) 滑膜襞synovial fluid滑液circumduction环转运动vertebral joints 椎骨连结ionterspinous ligament棘间韧带intertransverse ligament横突间韧带名师资料总结 - -
15、 -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - Intervertebral symphysis椎间联合interverbral discs椎间盘Fibrous rings纤维环Pulpiform nucleus髓核Anterior longitudinal 前纵韧带Posterior longitudinal 后纵韧带Zygapophysial joint 关节突关节Lumbosacral joint 腰骶连结Costovertebral jo
16、ints肋椎关节Joint of costal head肋头关节Lambdoid suture人字缝Costotransverse joint 肋横突关节Cranial suture 颅缝Sternocostal joints胸肋关节Coronal (sagittal) suture冠矢状缝Synchondroses of cranium 颅结合Temporomandibular joint颞下颌关节joints of shoulder girdle 上肢带连结coracoacromial ligament喙间韧带Coracoclavicular ligament喙锁韧带Acromioclav
17、icular joint 肩锁关节Elbow joint 肘关节Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Shoulder joint 肩关节Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节Joints of hand手关节Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节Radiocarpal joint ,wrist joint 桡腕关节，腕关节Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb拇指腕掌关节名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -
18、 - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - Intermetacarpal joints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints掌指关节Interphalangeal joints of hand指骨间关节Joints of pelvic girdle 下肢带连结Pubic symphysis耻骨联合Interpubic disc 耻骨间盘Obturator membrane 闭 孔 膜Sacroiliac joints骶 髂 关 节Pelvis骨盆Sacrotubero
19、us ligament骶结节韧带Greater (lesser) sciatic foramen 坐骨大(小)孔Terminal line 界线Greater (lesser) pelvis大小骨盆Superior (posterior) pelvic aperture骨盆上下口Pubic arch耻骨弓Subpubic angle耻骨下角Pelvic cavity 骨盆腔Joints of free lower limb 自由下肢连结Hip joint髋关节Knee joint 膝关节Transverse acetabular lig. 髋臼横韧带Ligament of head of fe
20、mur 股骨头韧带Medial (lateral) meniscus内外侧半月板Transverse ligament of knee膝横韧带Anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligament后交叉韧带Fibular (tibial) collateral ligament 腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligament of patella 髌韧带Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -
21、- - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Joints of foot足关节ankle joint，踝关节talocrural joint,距小腿关节intertarsal joints跗骨间关节subtalar joint, talocalcaneal joint距下关节距跟关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节tarsometatarsal joint
22、 跗跖关节transverse arch横弓intermetatarsal joints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangeal joint跖趾关节interphalangeal joints of foot跖骨间关节arch of foot, tarsometatarsal arch 足弓，跗跖弓medial (lateral) longitudinal arch 内(外)侧纵弓其他Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Chondromalacia软骨软化症Degenerated Joint Disease 变性关节炎Bone graft 骨移植Clavicle Fracture 锁
23、骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Amputation 截肢Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术腹部脏器Stomach 胃Liver 肝Small intestine 小肠Colon 结肠（ascending ，transverse ，descending ，sigmoid）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8
24、 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - Duodenum 十二指肠Jejunum 空肠Ileum 回肠Pancreas 胰Spleen 脾Bile duct 胆管Gallbladder 胆囊Kidney 肾Rectum 直肠Cecum 盲肠large intestine 大肠vermiform appendix 阑尾anal canal 肛管辅助检查Abdominocentesis 腹腔穿刺Urinalysis 尿分析Abdominal ultrasonography 腹部超声检查Barium enema 钡灌肠Barium swallow 钡餐Liver biopsy 肝活检
25、Stool culture 粪检Retrograde pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography经内镜逆行性胆胰管造影Blood urea nitrogen 血尿素氮Urine culture and sensitivity 尿培养和敏感试验Urinalysis 尿分析内镜Gastroscopy 胃窥镜Enteroscopy 小肠内镜Colonoscopy 结肠内镜Cystoscopy 膀胱镜ureteroscope 输尿管镜术式名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - -
26、 - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - Highly selective vagotomy 高选择性迷走神经切断术Gastrojejunostomy 胃空肠吻合术Truncal vagotomy 迷走神经切断术Laparotomy 开腹Enterectomy 肠切除术Appendectomy 阑尾切除术Choledochectomy 胆总管切除术Colectomy 结肠切除术Cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术Colostomy 结肠造瘘Subtotal gastrectomy 胃大部切除术Pa
27、ncreatoduodenectomy 胰十二指肠切除术Right/left hemicolectomy 右/左半结肠切除术Abdominoperineal resection 腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术Low anterior resection 直肠低位前切除术Hepatectomy 肝切除术Nephrectomy 肾切除术Nephron sparing surgery 保留肾单位手术Ureteroneocystostomy 膀胱输尿管吻合术orchiectomy ; testectomy 睾丸切除术ureterectomy 输尿管切除术cystectomy 膀胱切除术cysto-urethr
28、al anastomosis 膀胱输尿管吻合术partial or radical nephrectomy 局部/根治性肾切除术PCNL：percutaneous nephrostolithotomy 经皮肾取石术ESWL: extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外冲击波碎石术Surgical exploration 手术探查名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 心胸外val
29、ve prosthesis 人工瓣膜bicuspid 二尖瓣tricuspid valve 三尖瓣pulmonary valve 肺动脉瓣aortic valve 主动脉瓣ventricle 心室atrium pl.atrial 心房interatrial 心房间的atrioventricular 房室的intrventricular 心室间的atrial septum 房间隔ventricuar septum 室间隔angiography 血管造影aortography 主动脉造影pneumotharax ；aerothorax 气胸tension pneumotharax 张力性气胸ple
30、ural effussion胸腔积液hydrothorax 胸腔积液puncture 穿刺thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术drainage引流closed thoracic drainage 闭式胸腔引流mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄rheumatic valve disease 风湿性瓣膜病aortic stenosis动脉硬化mitral regurgitation 二尖瓣反流valvuloplasty 瓣膜成形术aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aortic regurgitation 主动脉反流arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化intraven
31、ous 静脉内的hemorrhage出血hematuria血尿angi/o血管vas/o血管vascul/o 血管aort/o 主动脉arter/o arteri/o 动脉ather/o动脉phleb/o静脉ven/o 静脉thromb/o 血栓venule微静脉arteriole 微动脉angiostenosis血管狭窄ischemia缺血vena cava腔静脉名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 神外大脑：
32、cerebrum 间脑： diencephalon 脑桥： brain stem 中脑：midbrain 脑桥： pons 延髓： medulla oblongata 小脑： cerebellum 回：convolution gyri 沟 ： sulci 胼 胝 体 ： corpus callosum 横裂： transvers fissue 额叶：Frontal lobe 顶叶： Parietal lobe 颞叶：Temporal lobe 枕叶： Occipital lobe 蛛网膜：Arachnoid matter 蛛网膜下腔：Subarachnoid space Olfactory N
33、 嗅神经Optic 视神经Oculomotor 动眼神经Trochlear 滑车神经Trigeminal 三叉神经Abducens 外展神经Facial 面神经Vestibulocochlear 前庭蜗神经Glossopharyngeal 舌咽神经Vagus 迷走神经Accessory 副神经Hypoglossal 舌下神经Spinal nerve 脊神经anterior root前根posterior root 后根spinal ganglion脊神经节8 对颈神经 cervical nerves 12 对胸神经 thoracic nerves 5 对腰神经 lumbar nerves 5
34、对骶神经 sacral nerves 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - - 1 对尾神经 coccygeal nerves 神经丛：颈丛cervical plexus 臂丛 brachial plexus 胸神经前支anterior branch of the thoracic nerve 腰丛 lumbar plexus 骶丛 sacral plexus 段落翻译 -乳腺mastitis 乳腺炎retromamm
35、ary abscess 乳房后脓肿breast sarcoma 乳房肉瘤breast cancer 乳腺癌inflammatory breast carcinoma 炎性乳腺炎radical mastectomy 乳腺癌根治术extensive radical mastectomy 乳腺癌扩大根治术modified radical mastectomy 乳腺癌改良根治术total mastectomy 全乳房切除术lumpectomy and axillary dissection 保留乳房的乳腺癌切除术胃肠疾病（课件）、骨折（课件）、甲状腺（那一本）还是看课件吧gastro-duodenal disease 胃十二指肠疾病peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻volvulus 肠扭转Colorectal Cancer 结肠直肠癌anal fissure 肛裂Fistula 瘘，瘘管Hemorrhoid 痔疮anorectal abscess 肛门直肠脓肿名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 13 页 - - - - - - - - -