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1、学习好资料欢迎下载高考英语二轮语法复习学案（定语从句）（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2、关系副词：when, where, why 关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all. （关系代词who 在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French. （whom 在从句中作介词with 的宾语）3、关系代词和
2、关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语， whom 作宾语； 2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose 用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语） 。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（
3、去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that 用引导。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night. （ who 引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that 与 which 的区别。1）用 that 而不用which 的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any
4、等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This i s the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
5、2）用 which 而不用that 的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词+ 关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam , which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as 引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as 结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my f
6、riend s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this
7、 mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which 的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which 来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected. He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which 引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn t like at all.2. 关系
8、代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can t understand.精选学习资料 - - - - - - -
9、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页学习好资料欢迎下载4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+ which ”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People s Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father. 6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用whic
10、h 和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用 who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school. 练习、定语从句1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. who B. which C. whom D. when 2. The woman _ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whose
11、B. whoC. whomD. which 3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as 4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily ?A. when B.where C. which D. who 5. Tom did not t ake away the camera because it was just the same camera _
12、 he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as 6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whom B. which C. whoD. when 7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. when B. where C. which D. who 8. Who i s the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. who B. / C. that D. when 9. The ma
13、n _ you talked just now is a worker.A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who 10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my father s neighbour.A. with whomB. when C. to whomD. which 11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nur
14、se is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 12. The man _ around our school is from America. A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showed D. where you showed 13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard. A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who 14. In fact the Swede did not underst
15、and the three questions _ were asked in French. A. where B. who C. in which D. which 15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you ? A. that B. whom C. when D. whose 16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. all 17. The foreign guests, _ we
16、re government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport. A. most of them B. most of that C. most of whom D. most of those 18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. that D. as 19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC
17、. anyoneD. the one 20. This is the school _ we visited three days a go.A. where B. / C. whenD. what 21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where B. thatC. whichD. on which 22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. which B. in whichC. thatD. / 23. Jack is pleased with _ y
18、ou have given him and all _ you have told him. A. that, what B. what, that C. which, what D. that, which 24. Do you work near the building _ _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose 25. In the dark street, there wasn t a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whom D. form
19、 whom 26. Is this school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. which C. that D. where 27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. where C. in whichD. / 28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whose B. who C. whom D. which 29. Alice receive
20、d an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. which C. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people. A. when there were B. which there were C. that there were D. where there were 31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whic
21、 h B. whose C. where D. in that 32. - What game is popular with them? - The _ most is tennis. A. game they like it B. game they like C. best game they like D. best game they like it 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页学习好资料欢迎下载33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank al
22、l the wine I had. A. which B. which time C. during which time D. during which 34. The room _ Mr White lives is not very large. A. that B. which C. where D. when 35. Don t forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. that C. at whichD. where 36 . I ve finished writing the novel,
23、 _ is to be published next month.A. that B. what C. which D. when 37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected. A. which B. as C. that D. it 38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn. A. What B. As C. That D. Which 39. The old man had thr ee sons
24、, all of _ died during W orld War . A. whose B. that C. whom D. who 40. I have bought two pens, _ write well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. both of which D. all of which 41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind? A. why B. which C. for that D. of which 42. He failed in the exam
25、, _ proves that he wasn t working hard enough.A. which B. what C. it D. that 43. During the week _ he tried to collect materials fo r his article. A. following B. followed C. to follow D. that followe d 44. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam. A. It B. Which C. As D. That 45. He studied hard an
26、d later became a well-known writer, _ his father expected. A. that was what B. what was that C. and which was D. which was what 46. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 47. You must show my wife the same respect _ you show me. A. when B. as C. who
27、se D. what 48. He is absent _ is often the case.A. what B. which C. who D. as 49. It is the first time _ I have come to your city. A. that B. which C. what D. when 50. Who _ has the same idea as it will do it in this way. A. who B. that C. whom D. which 51. I shall never forget those years _ I lived
28、 in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who 52. This is the only book _ Ican find.A. that B. which C. it D. with which 53. I don t like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of whi
29、ch 54. That is one of those books that _ worth reading.A. is B. are C. has D. have 55. This is the only one of the students whose handwriting _ the best.A. is B. areC. has D. have 56. There was _ to prevent the accident. A. something could do B. anything we could do C. nothing we couldn t doD. nothi
30、ng we could do 参考答案三、 15 ABACD 610 CDCCA 1115 CCADA 1620 ACCAB 2125 ABBDC 2630 ADABD 3135 BBDCA 3640 CABCC 4145 AADCD 4650 BBDAB 高考英语二轮语法复习学案（名词性从句）名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页学习好资料欢迎下载（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who
31、, whose, whom, what, which 。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、连接副词：when, where, why, how 。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词： that, whether, if, as if 。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和 if （是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。
32、根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和 as if 都用不上时，才用that 作连接词（ that 本身无任何含义） 。（二）主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用 it 作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. It doesn t matter so much whether you will come or not.3、 that 引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised. （三）表语从句1、表语
33、从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。e.g. The question was who could go there. 2、引导表语从句的连接词that 有时可省去。e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work. （四）宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that 一般可省略。e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right. 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which 或 if 连接，要分别用what 或 whether。e.g. I m inte
34、rested in whether you ve finished the work.I m interested in what you ve said.3、 whether 与 if 都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if ，不用 whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesn t rain.用 if 会引起误解，就要用whether。e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go. （此句如果把whether 改成 if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句 中的 whether 与 or
35、not 直接连用，就不能换成if ；不直接连用，可换。e.g. I don t know whether or not the report is true.I don t know whether/ if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether 引导。 whether 可与不定式连用。whether 也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if 。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time. They do
36、n t know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time. （五）同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise 等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 练习：名词性从句一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. C
37、hina is no longer what it used to be. 2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all. 3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页学习好资料欢迎下载4. How he persuaded the man ager to change the plan is interesting to us all. 5.
38、The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 7. That is where Lu Xun used to live. 8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about. 9. Do you remember the teacher who taug ht us English at middle sch
39、ool? 10. I wonder why she refused my invitation. 二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy. 2. That s _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time. 4. _ we need is more time. 5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the
40、meeting surprised everybody. 6. _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet. 7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for. 8. Is that _ you are looking for? 9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is? 10. I don t know _ he will agree to the plan or not. 三、选择填空：1. Do you see _ I mean?A.
41、that B./ C. how D. what 2. Tell me_ is on your mind.A. that B. what C. which D. why 3. We must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. how 4. Let me see _. A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radio C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio 5. K
42、eep in m ind _. A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said 6. Could you advise me _? A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first 7. He was criticiz
43、ed for _ _. A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it 8. Would you kindly tell me _? A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway StationD. whether can I get to the Bei
44、jing Railway Station 9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _. A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China 10. We took it for granted _ A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming C. they were coming not D.
45、were they not coining 11. I really dont know _ A. I should do next B. what should I do next C. what I should do next D. how I should do next 12. Im afraid _. A. the little girl will have to be operated onB. that will the little girl have to operate on C. the little girl will have to operate onD. tha
46、t will the little girl have to be operated on 13. She walked up to _ . A. where did I stand B. where I stood C. I stood there D. where I stood there 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页学习好资料欢迎下载14. Can you tell me _? A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that
47、gentlem an is D. whom .is that gentleman 15. Well give you _. A. that do you need B. what do you needC. whatever you need D. whether do you need 16. They want us to know _ to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they 17. We must put _ into practice. A. what we have l
48、earned B. that we have learnedC. that have we learned D. what have we learned 18. Did she say anything about _? A. that the work was to be doneB. how was the work to be doneC. that was the work to be doneD. how the work was to be done 19. He was never satisfi ed with _. A. what she had achieved B. h
49、ad what she achieve dC. she had achieved D. that she achieved 20. These photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 21. Peter insisted _ he pay the bill.A. on that B. what C. that D. on
50、 which 22. They urged _ the library open during the vacation. A. whe n B. where C. why D. that 23. We wish we could have learned _ when we were at high school. A. what you did B. that you had doneC. that what you did D. what did you do 24.1 will describe to you _ I saw when there.A. what B. that C.