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1、高考英语专题经典复习能力培养系列十七说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此也是高考完形填空题中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实物性说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等(实物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品)；二是事理性说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等(事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等)；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：1. 开头点题。做说明文型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理
2、论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。 2. 结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体、从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果、先果后因、先主后次)，认识顺序(由此及彼、由浅入深、由具体到抽象、由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫。据此特点，我们便可以跟着“作者走，理
3、清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。真题典例卷 Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very _1_ things are handwritten.All too often，people buy a pen based only on _2_，and wonder why they are not satisfied _3_ they begin to use it.Howeve
4、r，buying a pen that youll enjoy is not _4_ if you keep the following in mind.First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be _5_ to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic (特征)_6_ comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin
5、 pen.If you have a _7_ hand and thicker fingers，you may _8_ a fatter pen.The length of a pen can _9_ influence comfort.A pen that is too_10_ can easily feel topheavy and unstable. Then，the writing point of the pen should _11_ the ink to flow evenly (均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper
6、._12_ will make it possible for you to create a _13_ line of writing.The point should also be sensitive enough to _14_ ink from running when thepen is lifted.A point that does not block the _15_ may leave drops of ink，_16_you pick the pen up and put it down again. _17_，the pen should make a thick，da
7、rk line.Fineline pens may _18_ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command _19_ next to printed text，as，_20_，a signature on a printed letter.A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority (权威)()1. A. manyB. few C. pleasant D. important()2. A. looks B. rea
8、son C. value D. advantages()3. A. once B. if C. because D. though()4. A. convenient B. practical C. strange D. difficult()5. A. heavy B. easy C. hard D. safe()6. A. taking B. finding C. determining D. seeking()7. A. stronger B. weaker C. smaller D. larger ()8. A. prefer B. recommend C. prepare D. de
9、mand()9. A. hardly B. also C. never D. still()10. A. thick B. light C. long D. soft()11. A. change B. allow C. reduce D. press()12. A. They B. One C. This D. Some()13. A. thin B. rough C. black D. smooth()14. A. prevent B. free C. protect D. remove()15. A. way B. sight C. flow D. stream ()16. A. so
10、B. as C. and D. yet ()17. A. Meanwhile B. Generally C. Afterwards D. Finally()18. A. show up B. differ from C. break down D. compensate for()19. A. attention B. support C. respect D. admission()20. A. at most B. for example C. in brief D. on purpose【要点综述】 1B文章开头说人们很少注意选择钢笔，原因是手写的东西很少。 2A人们买钢笔主要基于样子(
11、looks)。 3A一旦使用才发现并不满意。 4D如果按作者说的做，买一支喜欢的钢笔并不难。 5B买钢笔要与手适宜，使用起来容易。 6C钢笔的粗度决定了使用时是否舒适。 7D手大的当然要买粗一点的，与前文Having a small hand相照应。8A根据句意“如果你的手指更大且更粗，你可能会更喜欢一支更粗的笔。选A。recommend“推荐；prepare“准备；demand“要求，均不合句意。 9B钢笔的长度也影响舒适度。 10C太长的笔拿着容易感到头重，不稳。 11B笔尖要使得墨水均匀流畅。 12C这一点(This)使得流利书写成为可能。 13D根据前一句话“.allow the in
12、k to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper. 即可推知：使你的书写线条流畅。14A不写的时候，笔尖要防止墨水流出。prevent.from阻止；free from免于；protect.from保护；remove from从中移开(拿走，除掉)。 15C 16B当你拿笔或放笔的时候。 17D由上文First of all.，Then.可知这里应用Finally。 18D好的笔可以弥补书写差的缺点。show up使显示出；differ from与不同；break down损坏，发生故障；compensate
13、 for 赔偿，补偿损失。 19A和印刷体比拟，写得好(指签名)也并不能引起注意。 20Bat most 至多；for example 例如；in brief 总之；on purpose成心地。新题预测Long time ago, if a child had some problems in his life, he might go home and write in his _1_. Now, a child with the same problems might go onto the Internet and write about them in a blog(博客). In m
14、any ways, a diary and a blog are very _2_. So, what makes blogging different from writing in a(an) _3_ diary? The biggest difference is that a blog is much more _4_ than a diary. Usually, a teenager treats his diary like a book full of _5_ that he does not want to _6_.Its interesting that someone wh
15、o writes in a blog _7_ a diary will probably write nearly the same information. I have a little sister, and sometimes I go online to read her blog. She _8_ about things like waking up early for swimming practice and not studying enough for her chemistry test. _9_ I was her age, I wrote about the sam
16、e things, but _10_ in my diary. Then, after I had finished writing, I would hide my diary in a secret place because I was _11_ that my sister might read it!The biggest _12_ with blogging is that anyone can read what you write. If I was angry with a friend during high school and wrote something _13_
17、about her in my diary, she would never know. _14_， if my sister ever wrote something bad about a friend, that friend _15_ read her blog and get angry. There are also _16_ to blogging, of course. If I was feeling sad one day and wrote in my diary, “Nobody cares about me， _17_ would know about it. How
18、ever, if my sister wrote the same sentence in her blog, her best friends would _18_ respond(回应)and tell her how much they like her. Blogs help people _19_ in contact with their friends and know what the people _20_ them are doing.()1.A.notebook Bdiary CBlog Dbook()2.A.familiar Bsame Csimilar Ddiffer
19、ent()3.A.old Breal Cdaily Dtraditional()4.A.convenient Bsecret Cpublic Dcheap()5.A.secrets Bmysteries Cquestions Dpuzzles()6.A.publish Bshare Csolve Danswer()7.A.instead Bas well as Cin favor of Dinstead of()8.A.wonders Blearns Cwrites Dworries()9.A.Although BWhen CBecause DSince()10.A.only Bnever C
20、also Dstill()11.A.surprised Bglad Cinterested Dworried()12.A.difficulty Breason Cproblem Dmistake()13.A.good Bmean Cfunny Dinteresting()14.A.However BAlso CThen DBesides()15.A.will Bshould Cmust Dmight()16.A.problems Bgoods Cadvantages Dmistakes()17.A.everyone Bno one Csomeone Danyone()18.A.happily
21、Bhardly Cseldom Dquickly()19.A.stay Bput Close Dfind()20.A.besides Bover Caround Din front of【要点综述】这是一篇说明文，说明了博客和日记相比的优缺点。这篇文章和我们现实生活贴得很近，解答问题时要多考虑实际，做起来就比拟顺手。 1B通读全文，了解大意知：作者一直在比拟“博客和“日记的优缺点。根据语境判断译文为：很久以前，如果一个孩子在他的生活中有一些问题，他可能回家写在他的“日记里。 2D通过后一句what makes blogging different from writing in a diary
22、？我们可以判断出是说两者不同。应选D。3D“在很多方面，日记和博客是有很大差异的。所以，写一篇传统日记和写一篇博客有什么差异呢？这需要我们联系实际生活，A意为“老的，旧的，放在文中，语意不通顺，排除A项；B意为“真的，放在文中，语意也不通顺，所以也排除；C意为“每天的，和“日记本身含义重复，所以排除；D意为“传统的，放到文中最恰当，故D为正确答案。 4C联系实际或通过了解下文大意我们很容易判断出“博客和日记相比，最大的不同是：博客更加公开化。应选public。 5A上句中“博客和“日记最大的不同是，“博客更公开化，相反，我们很容易猜想出“日记充满了“秘密，所以选secrets。6B“通常情况下
23、，一个青少年对待她的日记像一本充满秘密的书，她不想和别人一起分享书的内容。“秘密当然不能与别人分享，所以选share。 7D根据语境判断译文：一件有意思的事是，某个人写了一篇博客，这和他的日记可能完全一样，但是它是博客，而不是日记。“而不是用固定搭配instead of。 8C在博客上“写文章，应用writes。 9B“当我像她这个年龄的时候，“当的时候，应用When。 10A“当我像她这个年龄的时候，我写跟她相同的东西，但是我仅仅写在我的日记里。只有A项放到文中，语意通顺，符合实际情况。故A为正确答案。11D把日记藏起来，当然是怕别人发现，所以显得很“担忧，应选worried。 12C通过仔
24、细阅读这段文字，不难看出作者是在写博客的最大“问题，所以用problem。 13Bmean 此处表示“刻薄的，不客气的。 14A此空前后为转折关系，所以要用表转折的连词However。 15D“然而，我的妹妹如果把对朋友不好的话写在博客里，这位朋友就可能读到，并且很生气。所以选might，表示有这种可能，但把握性不大，只是一种推测。16C仔细阅读文章最后一段不难看出，这段是讲博客的“优点。所以选advantages。 17B“没有人关心我，没有人知道我为什么而悲伤？联系实际我们很容易判断出主语应有否认形式。所以选B。 18D联系实际，互联网传递信息是瞬间的，只要她的好朋友看到这篇博客，回应应该也很快。所以用quickly。 19A“保持和的关系用固定搭配stay/keep in contact with 20C“博客帮助人们维持他们和好朋友间的关系，并且时常能知道他们周围的人在做些什么？“在的周围用around，故C为正确答案。