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1、名词性从句讲练名词往往在句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语。在复合句中，代替名词充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。一引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类：a.连词：that无任何词意，不作成分，只起连接作用，宾语从句中常可省略1) My hope is that she will soon be well again. (表语从句)我的希望是她能很快康复。2) Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.宾语从句大家都希望她能很快康复。3) That
2、 she will soon be well again is our hope.主语从句她能很快康复是我们的希望。b. whether, if均表示“是否说明从句内容的不确定性，不作成分1) Whether he is coming or not doesnt matter too much.(主语从句，不能用if)2) I went in and asked if/whether they had a cheap suit.3) I wonder whether/if he will come in such bad weather.c. 连接代词：what, whatever, whic
3、h, whichever, (在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，指物) 1) _he need is more time.显然，主语从句：he是主语，谓语动词need缺宾语，因此应填what.2) Tell us _you saw and heard during your visit to that university. 3) This is not _I want.4) _some people are against is _other people are for. 5) The question is which team will win.6) I have two apples, I
4、 dont know which you want.归纳：what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子；which“哪一个一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语，宾语，表语，还可作定语。d. who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，指人1) Who will give us a lecture is unknown. 2) The question is who will come here.e. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever (在从句中作状语)1) I
5、have no idea how he learned about it.2) Where she has gone is not known yet.3) When he will start is not known yet.4) This is why he is late.注意：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保存自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。二具体分类一主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。1) That you are leaving is a pity.你要走，真遗憾。2) Whether the football game will be played d
6、epends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。3) What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。4) Who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。5) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。6) It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。有
7、时为防止句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1It + be + 名词 + that从句 Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能去。 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.英语正在被人们接受为国际语言，这是事实。 It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.难
8、怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。2It + be + 形容词 + that从句 It is certain that she will do well in the exam.毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything.很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture.下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？3It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Bei
9、jing.据说格林先生已经到了。 It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。4It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。 It happened that I was out that day.碰巧那天我外出了。5其他情况 It doesnt matter whether she will come
10、or not.她是否来无关紧要。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.我们在哪里开会毫无区别。 It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。另注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do，常用的句型有：a. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, funny, surprising etc.
11、) that It is important and necessary that we(should)keep the balance of nature.我们要维持生态平衡，这很重要而且是必不可少的。b. It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) thatIt is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的时机。c. It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) thatIts suggested that we
12、 (should) do the experiment a second time.有人建议我们再做一次实验。Exercises:1. _ is power is a famous saying known to us all.A. What knowledge B. How knowledge C. That knowledge D. Where knowledge2. _we cant get seems better than _we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what3. _troubles me i
13、s _I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C, That, what D. What, that4. _you need to improve your listening is more practice.A. That B. What C. Why D. How5. Your skirt is really splendid, but _we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.A. that B. what
14、 C. whether D. how6. _she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; because答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A二表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其根本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear，r
15、emain等。1) The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。2) Thats just what I want. 那正是我想要的。3) The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们能否帮我们。【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。4) This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。5) That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那
16、就是他不到会的原因。as if/as though也可以用在连系动词后，引导表语从句。1) It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。2) At that time, it seems as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this
17、 morning.because, why引导的表语从句1) Thats because he didnt understand me.那是因为他没有理解我。Thats because .强调原因2) Thats why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。Thats why.强调结果使用虚拟语气的表语从句在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形表示，should可以省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal等。1) My suggestion is that we(shoul
18、d)start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2) His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。1. Go and get your coat. Its _you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you
19、 had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where3. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel D. when I feel excited4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _I got wet enough.A. Its how B. Thats why C.
20、 Theres why D. Its the reason5. _makes his mother surprised was _Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.A. What; that B. What; because C. That; what D. That; because6. _made me more surprised was _the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.A. What; that B.
21、That; that C. What; whether D. It; that7. See the flag on the top of the building? That was _we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B三同位语从句1同位
22、语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。2) We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有解决。3) The question whether we need more tim
23、e to do the work hasnt been discussed.我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未解决。2可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：1) The news that we won the game is exciting.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人冲动。2) The problem whether we should
24、 continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。3) I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回家。注意：当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语局部过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以防止头重脚轻的现象。1) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。2) Word came that Mr. President would com
25、e and inspect our school himself.有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们。3使用虚拟语气的同位语从句在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形表示，should可以省略。1) This is our request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的要求。2) He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.他建议我们坐火车去。4有时可用namely, that is
26、 to say, in other words, that is, i.e. (=that is), for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。1) He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。2) There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more.要提高你的英语水平只有一个方法，那就是多练。比照与用法同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that引导定语从句时，为关系
27、代词，代指先行词，有实际意义，在句子中充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；定语从句对名词加以限制。 that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。试比拟下面两个例句:1) I had no idea that you were herethat引导同位语从句，不能省略2) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略Exercises:1._ is known to us all, William had br
28、oken his word _he would give Tom a rise.A. As; that B. It; what C. It; that D. As; which2. What do you think of the suggestion that we _lunch at the new restaurant?A. will have B. are going to have C. would have D. have3. According to Bill Gates, the idea _we can play video and receive E-mail withou
29、t sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear _it will be on sale and _it will cost.A. which; that; what B. /; whether; how much C. that; when; what D. that; that; how much4. Along with the letter was his promise _he would visit me the coming month.A. which B. that C. what D. whethe
30、r5. There is a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is.A. that B. which C. of which D. what6. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _road conditions need_.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved C. where; improving D. when; improving答案：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5.
31、 A 6. A重难点归纳分析 1、that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成份；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成份，如主语、宾语或表语。 例 That he stole a bike was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。 The important thing is what you do, but not what you say. 重要的是你做什么，而 不是说什么。 2、单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词那么用复数形式。例 Wher
32、e and when he was born has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown. 那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。3、在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。例 The problem is what he has done to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。4、连接词that引导的主语从句放在句首时，that不能省略。但为防止头重脚轻，可以用it作为形式主语
33、，而把主语从句放到后面。如果that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，必须以it作形式主语而把主语从句后置。例 Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? 那个科学家下个星期给我们作报告是真的吗？5、宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，那么从句中的谓语动只能用过去时的某种形式，但如果从句表达的是客观真理或客观存在那么不受此影响。例 We believed that he had earned enough
34、money to build a house.我们相信他已经挣够足够的钱来建造房屋。 6、与“命令、要求、建议等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should动词原形或省去should，直接用动词原形。例 She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。但是，如果suggest作“说明、暗示讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为讲，那么其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。例 The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examinatio
35、n. 他脸上的微笑说明他已经通过了考试。7、同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后如news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。例 I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道他何时回来。8、whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语
36、从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。例 I dont care about whether you have money or not. 我并不在意你是否有钱。9、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。例 I could say nothing but that I was angry.我无话可说，只是感到生气。10、 引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句
37、时，只有第一个that可以省略。例 He said (that) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.他说课文很难，我们必须努力学习。11、当主句是I/ We think ( suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否认形式，常把否认词not从从句中转移到主句中，成为否认的转移。例 We dont believe that he will win the game. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。12、如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，那么必须
38、用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。例 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他清楚地说明他不会屈服。13、doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否认结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否认句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。例 We doubt whether/ if he can win the game.我们疑心他是否能赢得这场比赛。 14、连接代词whoever，whateve
39、r，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。例 Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。二、高考链接 1. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. ()A. that B. When C. what D. how2. - I
40、 think its going to be a big problem.- Yes, it could be.- I wonder _ we do about it.(春)A. if B. how C. what D. that3. You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them often. (1999NMET)A. when B. where C. then D. there4. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. (NMET) A. ho
41、w B. after C. what D. when5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. ( NMET)A. why B. where C. what D. how6. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. ( NMET)A. this B. That C. it D. one7. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand _ they insi
42、st on going by motor-bike. (NMET) A. Why B. whetherC. when D. how8. We cant figure out _ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.( )A. that B. As C. why D. when9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, _ our astronauts to do is walk in space. ( )A. where B. What C. that D
43、. how10. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. ( )A. when B. whereC. what D. thatKey 1-5 CCBCB 6-10 CACBD三、强化练习1. He has given us a suggestion _ we should buy a cottage in the country, with the money we have saved.A.
44、 when B. Where C. what D. that2. After five hours drive, they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of. A. that B. Where C. which D. what3. It is no longer a question now _ man can land on the moon.A. that B. which C. whether D. what4. She is pleased with _ you have given him and
45、all that you have told him.A. that B. whatC. why D. which5. Father made a promise _ I passed the exam, he would buy me a bicycle.A. that B. if C. whether D. that if6. _ surprised me most was that she didnt even know _ the difference between the two lies.A. What, where B. What, what C. That, where D.
46、 That, what7. Sometimes we are asked _ we think the likely result of an action will be.A. that B. whatC. which D. whether8. Nobody knows _ he mentioned that at the meeting.A. that B. whyC. what D. where9. There is no doubt _ my friend was not important to them all.A. that B. whether C. if D. why10. I have no idea _ they will visit our school; we have got everything ready.A. how B. whenC. that D. whyKey 1-5 DDABD6-10 ABBAB