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1、精品名师归纳总结unit 1-3 语法 -不定式 to do1. 不定式的基本形式与结构动词不定式指通常由 to 加上动词原形 （如 to write ） 所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情形下 to 可以省略。全部的主动词,不论是及物动词仍是不及物动词,都有不定式形式。没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。2. 不定式的用法1） 不定式结构作主语1. Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years
2、ago2. To finish that task insuch a short time is really a challenge在上述情形下,假如不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,就可由代词让作形式主语（形式主语 it 不行由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替 ）,而将不定式放到后面。如： 1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2. John admitted that it is always dif
3、ficult for him to be on time 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的, 即不定式的规律主语,通常可以通过 for sb. to do sth.结构表达：如： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam.在某些形容词 （如 careless ,clever ,considerate ,fooli
4、sh ,good ,impolite , kind , naughty ,nice ,silly,stupid 等） 作表语时,不定式后可以加of 来引导出其规律主语：1. It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2. It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing2） 不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to 的不定式, 另一种是 “及 物动词+疑问词+带 to 的不定式。及物动词 +带 to 的不定式结构 :只能跟动词不定式的动词,常见的有: afford , agree , ai
5、m , appear , ask , believe , care ,claim ,decide demand, desire , determine , expect , fail, happen , hesitate , hope , intend , learn , long , manage ,offer , pretend , promise , prepare , refuse , seek , swear , undertake ,want , wish 等。1. He managed to solve the complicated problem.2. The strange
6、r offered to show me the way.3. Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.动词+疑问代 （副）词+不定式：这类动词常见的有 advise ,decide ,find out ,forget , inquire ,know , learn ,可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结see, regard 中学英语语法总结, remember , teach , tell, understand , wonder 等。常见的疑问代 （副）词有: what , when , where ,
7、 which , how , whether 等。1. He does not know when to start.2. You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.有时,不定式可由 it 代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词（如 find, think ,consider ,feel 等）+it+ 形容词 + 不定式。I.She considers it necessary to make friends with him.2.We find it
8、difficult to finishall the homework before 9 o lock.3） 不定式做表语一种情形为主语是不定式 （表示条件 ）; 表语是不定式 （表示结果 ）:1. To see is to believe.2. To work means to earn a livi ng另一种情形为主语是以aim , duty, hope , idea Job, pla nproble,m purpose ,thing ,wish 等名词为中心的短语,或以 what 引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用：。例如：1. His aim is to study a
9、broad in the n ear future.2. The most importa nt thing is to n egotiate with them about the price.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. What I want to say is to forget all the un happy experie nee4） 不定式作定语不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的规律宾语。例如：1. There was really nothing to fear.2. He gave me an in tere
10、st ing book to read.假如不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如：I.Mary n eeds a frie nd to play with.2. That girl has nothing to worry about3. They have a strict teacher to listen to4. Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on 其次种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的规律主语。例如：1. Have you go
11、t a key to unlock the door.2. The action to be taken is correct3. There is nothing to be gained by pretending 第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。 这类名词通常是表示妄想、努 力、倾向、目的、愿望、 is 算、才能、意向等意义的名词： ability ,attempt ,effort ,impulse , inclination , wish 等。例如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1. Her daughter will make an even bigge
12、r effort to please her2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou3. Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.5） 不定式作状语 不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作缘由状语：1. They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area2. They are quite surprised because they see the great chan
13、ges taking place in the area 3. He was lucky to arrive before dark4. He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的状语：1. She raised her voice to be heared better2. She raised her voice so that she could heard better3. We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4. We went via Heidelberg so that we
14、 could miss the traffic jam作结果状语：1. The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilia ns2. The French football team played so successfully that they eve n defeated the Brazilians .3. He got to the stati on only to be told the train had gone可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4. He got to
15、 the station and was told that the train had gone不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带 to,但在有些搭配中不带 to, 在另一些搭配中可带 to 可不带 to。归纳起来,以下情形下使用不带 to 不定式：1) 在 can / could ,/may / might, will / would , shall / should ,must ,need , dare 等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。2) 在表示感觉意义的动词,如 see 中学英语语法总结, feel, watch ,notice ,smell,hear ,observe
16、等后,或是表示 致使”意义的动词,如 have ,let,make 等后, 动词不定式不带 to。例如：1.1 often heard him say that he would study hard.2.1 must have him see his own mistakes.但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to 不定式一般转换为带 to 不例如:1. He was often heard to say that he would study hard2. After he had finished speaking,he was made to answer innumerab
17、le questions 3) 在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式,也可用带 to 的不定式。例如：1. Help the old lady to carry the heavy box.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结4) 在 had better ,would rather ,may / might as well ,rather than , cannot but 等搭配之后中学英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带to 。例如：1. Unless you feel to ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home t
18、onight 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.5) 在 make do , make believe, let drop , 1et fall , 1et fly , let slip , letdrive, let go off ,hear say ,hear tell ,leave go of 等固定搭配中,用不带to 的动词不定式。例如：1. They let go of the rope他们松开了绳子。2. John let fly a torrent of abuse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。3. Ive
19、heard tell of him我听说过他。4. Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足,一些教职员工被解雇了。6) 在介词 but 中学英语语法总结中学英语语法总结,except 之后,假如其前有动词 do 的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带to,反之就必需带 to,表示不得不, 只能”。例如：1. He will do anything except work on the farm2. There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3. T
20、he spy was both hungry and cold。 there was nothing left for him but to give可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining 下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带to ：can not help but,can not choose but,can not but ,do nothing but,have nothing to do but 。例如：I can not but admire his courage.假如上
21、述句中有 do, to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night 假如是下面一个固定搭配,就带to： I have no choice but to give up my idea.7）紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的动词不定式总是不带 to。但是,紧跟在 who , what ,which ,whether 等连接词后的不定式带 to。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down.Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning. You ne
22、ednt decide yet whether to study arts or science 4不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的标志 to 前加 not 。例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2. Please remember not to leave the lights on when you are out动词不定式练习一 . 依据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词。1. He was so angry that he couldn tsay anything.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结He was too
23、angry_ anything.2. I don t know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when the meeting.3. He said he would write a letter.He said he would have a letter .4. That you read English in the morning is very important.It is very importantyou _ English in the morning.5. He was so strong that he could
24、lift the stone.（石头）He was strong the stone.6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday.His father went to Beijing his holiday.7. They got up early so that they could get there in time.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They got up early _ there in time.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结8. His brother decided that he w
25、ould buy the book.His brother decided the book.9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall.He hopes the Great Wall.10.Isaw him go into the room.He was seen into the room.11. We made him work five hours a day.He was made_ five hours a day.12. Do you want to say anything for yourself.Do you have anyt
26、hing for yourself.13. We don t know what we shall do next.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结We don t know what _ next.14.I m very sorry on hearing the bad news.I m very sorry the bad news.15.He stopped and had a look at me.He stopped _a look at me.16.Ihelped him with his English.I helped him_English.17. My fa
27、ther promised（许诺） that he would buy me a bike.My father promised me a bike.18. The box is so heavy that I can t carry it.The box is too heavyme .19. “Lie down. ” the boy said to his dog.The boy ordered his dog down.20. “Don t make any noise,”she said to me.She told me any noise.二 . 单项：1. This compan
28、y was the firstportable radios as well as cassette taperecorders in the world.A. producing B. to produce C. having producedD. produced可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A .not making B. not make C .not to makeD. nor to make3. Helen had
29、 to shoutabove the sound of the music .A .making herself hearB. to make herself hearC. making herself heardD .to make herself heard4. I don t know whether you happen ,but I am going to study in theU.S.A this September.A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard5. The news reporters
30、hurried to the airport, only the film stars had left.A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told6. You were silly notyour car.A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked7. The teacher asked usso much noise.A .don t make B. not make C. not makingD .not to make8. An army spokesman stresse
31、d that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A .to issue B. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to be issued9. I d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_a roomwith someone else.A. to shareB. to have sharedC. share D. sharing yesterday.10. The bank is
32、reported in the local newspaperin broad daylight可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed in a fire.A. being destroyedB. having been destroyedC. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed12. The m
33、eeting next week is sure to be a great success.A. to take placeB. to be taken placeC. to have taken place D. being taken place13. As a result of my laziness, I failed_my work in time.A. and finished B. to finish C. and finishing D. to finished14. I am sorry written you a letter at the time.A. to hav
34、e not B. to not have C. not to haveD. not having15. Will you lend him a magazine.A. to be readB. for readingC. to read D. he read16. He could do nothing but for the bus.A. wait, to comeB. wait; comeC. waiting; comingD. waited; came17 .It is a problem that doesnt needright now.A. to solve B. solvingC
35、. being solvedD. to be solving18. There sa man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think hemeans trouble.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. makingB. to makeC. to have madeD. having made19. I rememberhimthe bike neededA. hearing, saying, to repairB. to hear, say, to repairC. hearing, say, repair
36、ingD. to hear, saying, to be repaired20. - You should have thanked her before you left.- I meant, but when I was leaving I couldn t find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing so21. Robertis said toabroad,but I don t know what country hestudied in.A. to have studiedB. to studyB. to be studyingD.
37、 to havebeen studying22. I m gong to Xi an next week. Haveyou anythingto yourparents.A. to takeB. to be takenC. to be bought toD. to buy23. when are theyin their plan.A. handB. handedC. to handD. give24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if theyA. have survivedB. are to surviv
38、eC. would survivedD.will survive可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结25. When we hurried to the station, there happened time.A. to have B. to be C. having D. being26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, no bus at thatmatters worse, it began可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结to rain.A. madeB. having made C. making D. to
39、 make27. At _time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though sheis always too busya good rest.A. no, to takeB. no, taking C. any, to takeD. one, taking28. -Are you a student.-No, but I used.A. to be B. to was C. to doD. to be a可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结29. I stopped to listen, and my son se
40、emed himself in the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结living room.A. to enjoy, to shut B. to be enjoying, shuttingC. to be enjoying, shut D. to have enjoyed, having shut30. With a lot of difficult problems , the newly-elected president ishaving a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled31
41、. We re leaving at six o clock, and hopemost of the journey bylunch time.A. to doB. to have doneC. to make D. to have made32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier.A. understood B. to be understood C. to understand D. understand可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结33. Who will you getthe
42、project for us.A. designB. to designC. designedD. designing34. It is said in Australiathere is more land than the governmentknowA. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with it35. We are not allowed D. to do what with it_ outdoors with some otherchildren.A. playing B. to be playing C.
43、 to play D. be playing36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the wayhome.A. much too heavyB. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a rolein making the earth a better place to live in.A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing38. When I handed