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1、精品名师归纳总结动名词的用法总结李靖动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式, 由动词 + ing 构成,否定形式为 not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作 主语、宾语、表语和定语、状语和宾补。1 作主语 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being.动名词做主语谓语动词用单数 Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe眼见为实。Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.乘火车到杭州要 16 个小时。- What made him angry.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳
2、总结- Mary s /My/His/Her Their/ The boy s/ The president.比较： Being exposed to the suins harmful to the skin. s being late可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Being examined twice a yearw, hether it is a car, a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.句型: Its no use/no good doing做s.t.h 没
3、有用处 /好处It s a waste of time doing做st.h 铺张时间比较： It is adj for/ of sb to do sth.练习： 1.in a well-known university is what everyone wished forA. The girl was educatedB. The girl educatedC. The girl s being educatDe.dThe girl to be educated 2.- Who is the manto the teacher.- A model workerour school.A. t
4、alks, visitsB. is talking; is visitingC. talking; visitingD. talking; visited参考答案： CC2. 作定语（前置定语和后置定语）前置定语：一般只限于单个的动名词作定语,表示“用于 的”或表示 “处于某件事情中的”含义 。例如：swimming pool 游泳池reading material 阅读材料walking stick 手杖floating needle 浮针opening speech开幕词listening aid 助听器waiting room 候车室running water 自来水working pe
5、ople 劳动人民 sleeping child 熟睡孩子区分下面短语：the developing countries/ the developed countriesthe falling/ fallen leaves the people present到场的人 / the present people现在的人the remaining money/ the money left剩下的钱the boiling/ boiled water.后置定语：There are many peoplewait outside the hall.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Ther
6、e are many problems remain to be solved. The flowerssmell sweet attract a lot of people. There are many peopleinvite to the party.The film,set in the 1th9century, won the medal. The meetinghold now is of great importance.The meetinghold yesterday was of great importance.The meetinghold tomorrow is o
7、f great importance.He is always the first come and the last le. ave He is the only personknow the truth.He was the bestdo the job.参考答案： waiting/ remianing/ smelling/ invited/ set/ being held/ held/ to be held/ to come/ to leave/ to know/ to do3. 作表语动名词作表语的时候,特殊要留意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语,表达的是“某件事 ”等。 例如：H
8、is part-time job is promoting new products for the company.（动名词） 他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.（动名词） 他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。比较以下区分excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puzzled/tired exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interesting/puz
9、zling/tiring He is moved by the moving movie.4. 作宾语考虑、建议和原谅,承认、推迟没得想像防止、连续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider（考虑） ;advise/suggest/propose/recommen建d议; excuse/pardon原 谅。admit/acknowledge承认。delay/postpone/put off推迟 ; imagine/fancy想像。avoid（防止）。miss（错过）。 practise（练习） ;deny否认;finish完成 ; appreciate感 谢;forbid 禁止; mi
10、nd介意; escape逃 脱。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结enjoy（享受）。risk 冒险。tolerate/bear/stand/put up with容 resist （抵制） understand（懂得）。 allow/permit答应忍。quit（停止） advocate（提倡） 。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结f eellike doing sth（喜爱做某事 ; give up doing 舍弃做某事 ; keep doing不停的做某事 ;be busydoing sth; can t hedlpoing sth（情不自禁）; be wo
11、rth doing sth 值 得做某事 。 have difficulty/troubledoing sth做.有困难 /麻烦; have a hard/good time doing sth; have fun doing sth It is no use/good doing sth做没有用处 /好处There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth没必要做某事Its a waste of time doing sth做 铺张时间可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It is worthwhile doing/
12、 to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being don值e 得做某事forget,go on,mean,regret,remember, stop,try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区分。forget to do sthforget doing sth go on to do sthgo on doing sth mean to do sthmean doing sth regret to say/tell/inform/announce regret doing sth/having done remember
13、 to do sthremember doing sth stop to do sthstop doing sth try to do sthtry doing sth be afraid to do sthbe afraid of doing sth be sure to do sthbe sure of doing sth Let s go on studying Lesson（6让.我们连续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）Let s go on to study Lesson （6. 让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。） I remember doing the exercis
14、e.（我记得做过练习。）I must remember to do it. （我必需记着做这事。）I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。） I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。） Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）I mean to come early today.（我准备今日早些来。）Missing the train means waiting for another hou（r. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时）在 allow,advise,forbid ,
15、permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,假如后面出名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We don t allow smoking here.We don t allow students to smoke.动词 need,require,want 作“需要”解,其后必需用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必需用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth
16、trying.在短语 devote oneself/ ones time to把.奉献给 .。look forward to期望。pay attention to留意。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结attach importance to 重视。 be used/accustomed to习 惯于做某事 。when it comes to 当谈到做某可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结事,get down to着手 。prefer doing sth to doing s（th喜爱.而不喜爱）; turn to doing sth转向。thanksto 多亏; l
17、ead to导致。the key to doing sth做 某事的关键 。object to/be opposed to反 对 。contribute to有助于 。be addicated to doing sth沉 湎于。 对.上瘾。make contributions to对 .可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结做出奉献 。due to（由于） 。apply oneself to致近于） 等后的动词也必需用动名词形式,例如：I look forward to hearing from you soon.力于 。stick to（坚持） 。come close to（接可编
18、辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结在 love,hate, prefer,like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区分。有时用动名词作宾语时, 指一般情形,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一详细行为。start,begin,continue 在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.5. 动名词作状语动名词作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动名词作状语可以表示时间、缘由、条
19、件、让步、结果、方式或相伴情形。Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine时. 间= While I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.Living far from the comany, he has to get up early every morning原. 因=Because he lives far from the comany, he has to get up early every morning. Not
20、konwing her address, I might as well telephone her to come原. 因= Because I didnt know her address, I might as well telephone her to come.Not having received his letter for long, she felt a little worried.原 因He sat on the sofa, watching Tv.伴 随状语 = He sat on the sofa and watched Tv. Her parents died in
21、 1990, leaving her with her yonger brothe结r.果状语 ,表示自然而然的结果 比较下面的句子：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结When he hurried to the station only to be told that the train had l（eft结. Using your head, you will find a way. 条件= If you use your head, you will find a way. He came running back to tell me the news方. 式 Wokin
22、g hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.让步= Although he worked hard, he didnt feel a bit tired.固定的结构果状语 ,表示出乎意料的结果）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格的、诚恳的、坦率的讲considering/ given 考虑到judging from/by 依据.判定 compared with 与 相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ sup
23、posing/ assuming假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率的说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didnt agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to r
24、ain.独立主格 主从句主语不一样,从句可变为非谓语,带有自己的规律主语.该结构不是句子, 也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。独立主格结构在许多情形下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但许多时候不能转化为分词形式,由于它内部动词的规律主语与主句主语不一样。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结常见的独立主格结构有如下几种： 1. 名词/主格代词 +现在分词。名词 /主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如：可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结The girl sta
25、ring at him = as the girl stared at him, he didn不知道说什么好。姑娘两眼”望t着kn他o,w 他what to say.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Time permitting = if time permits, we will go for an outing tomorrow. 假如时间答应的话,我们明天去郊游。 2. 名词 /主格代词 +过去分词。名词 /主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如：The problems solved = as the problems were solved, the quality
26、has been improve随d.着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。Her glasses broken = because her glasses were broken, she couldn” t see the words on t由于眼镜摔坏了, 她看不见黑板上的字。 3. 名词/主格代词 +不定式。 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次详细性的动作。如：He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help借. 助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结They s
27、aid good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the booksto他re们.回了家,一个去了书店。 4. 名词/主格代词 +形容词。如：道别后,一个可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive那. 架飞机遭受了空难,无一人生仍。So many people absent, the meeting had to be called of这f. 么多人缺席, 会议不得不取消。 5. 名词/主格代词 +副词。如：H
28、e put on his sweater wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了。The meeting over, they all went home.会议一终止,他们就都回家了。 6. 名词 /主格代词 +介词短语。如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand那. 男孩手里拿着书去教室。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door玛.being +名词（代词）如：丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。 7. There可编辑资料 -
29、 - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结There being nothing else to do, we went home没. 有别的事可做,我们就回家了。There being no further business, I declare the meeting close没d. 有再要争论的事了,我宣布散会。8. It being +名词（代词）如：It being christmas, the government offices were closed由. 于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息。可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结It being a holiday, all t
30、he shops were shut由.特点：于今日是假日, 全部商店都关门了。 独立主格结构的可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结1） 独立主格结构的 规律主语与句子的主语不同 ,它独立存在。2） 名词或代词与后面的分词, 形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。with 复合结构的构成with+ 宾语+宾语补足语,构成 with 复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。with 复合结构在句子中作状语, 表示缘由、 时间、条件、相伴、方式等。且 with 后面的宾语与其后的宾
31、语补足语有规律上的主谓关系。1）with+宾语+介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系） With winter coming on, its time to buy warm clothes.4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有 “将来”的含义）I cant go out wit
32、h all these dishes to wash.5）with+宾语+形容词 /副词Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.1） sleep late in the morning, he turned off the alarmcoolck. 2see from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) see the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4) clean the desks, we began reading.5) su
33、rround for a month, the enemy had to gfive in.6) lose in the woods, he finally saved by the police.参考答案： to sleep; seen; seeing; Having cleaned; having been surrounded; lost6. 作宾补时tell/ order/ persuade/ invite/ force /warn / encourage/ get/ asks+b to doHe asked me to finish it in time.The teacher to
34、ld me to clean the blackboard.feel一感 ; hear listen to二听; have make let三 使。see watch observe notice look at find六看 + sb do/doing/done等感官使役动词后不定式作宾补省略to,但被动以后要仍原 to. I heard him call me several times.Tom was made to sing.I heard her singing the song when I passed her room. Speak louder so that you can
35、 make yourself heard.We found the village greatly changed.I heard the song sung in english many times.注：上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时其后的不定式一般需带to,如：He was seen to comeThe boy was made to go to bed early.比较：get sb to do sth= let/ make have sb do sth get sth done= have sth doneget sb sth doing使某人 /某物开头行动起来have
36、sb doing sth使某人不停的做某事get done 被.The teacher get us to read the text aloud.Her son has been ill for days .She needs to get him examined in the hospital. He managed to get the horse running.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结we coulnt get the car starting. He got run by the car.留意： have 表示“有” have sth to do 主 动
37、have sth to be done被 动I have a lot of clothes to wash today.I am going to do some washing today.Do you have any clothes to be washed.在 do nothing anythingeverything butexcept do sth结构中。例如：Last night I did nothing but watch Tv昨天晚上,我除了看电视别的什么也没有干。但是,假如谓语动词不是 “do nothin,g anything,everything ”,那么 butex
38、cept所跟的不定式就仍须带。The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking医生除了让他戒烟,其它什么都没有说。There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent 除了保持缄默以外,他们没有别有别的方法。练习题 、单项挑选：1.No one enjoysat.A. laughingB. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house.A. to be broken
39、 inB. from being broken inC. to break inD. from breaking in 3.They insisted onanother chance to try.A. givenB. givingC. being givenD. to be given4. - Where is my passport. I rememberit here.- You shouldnt have left it here. Rememberit with you all the time.A. to put。to takeB. putting。takingC. puttin
40、g。to takeD. to put。taking5. His room needs, so he must have it.A. painting。paintedB. painted。paintingC. painting。paintingD. painted。painted6. After finishing his homework he went ona letter to his parents.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. writeB. writingC. wroteD. to write7. The young trees we planted last
41、 week requirewith great care.A. looking afterB. to look afterC. to be looked afterD. taken good care of8. OnlyEnglish doesnt meanthe language.A. to learn。to learnB. learning。learning可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结C. learning abou。tlearn D. learning abou。tlearning可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结9. She returned home
42、 only to find the door open and something.A. missedB. to be missingC. missingD. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herselfthe problem of old age.A. to studyB. studying C. to studyingD. study11. Rememberthe newspaper when you have finished it.A. putting backB. put back C. to put backD. be put back
43、12. As she is looking forward tofrom me, please rememberthis letter on your way to school.A. hear。postB. hearing。to postC. be heard。postingD. be hearing。to posting13. Grandma said that she had a lot of troubleyour handwriting.A. to readB. to seeC. readingC. in seeing 14.Writing stories and articlesw
44、hat I enjoy most.A. isB. areC. wasD. were 15.We appreciateus to the ball.A. them to inviteB. to inviteC. their invitingD. being invited16. Would you mindquiet for a moment. Im tryinga form.A. keeping。filling outB. to keep。to fill outC. keeping。 to fill outD. to keep。filling out 17.He was afraidfor b
45、eing late.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结A. of seeingB. of being seen C. to be seenD. to have seen 18.Id like to suggestthe meeting till next week.A. to put offB. putting offC. put offD. to be put off19.I dont see how I could possibly managethe work without.A. finish 。helpingB. to finish。being helpedC. finishing。 helpingD. finishing。being helpe