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1、特殊句式哈三中 李宁 特殊句式知识点二强调句1.强调句型(1)强调句型的结构。“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指事物或情况时，通常用that。It was he that broke the window.是他打破了窗子。(主语)It was her that we met at the school gate.我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语) It was in the park that Tom lost hi
2、s watch.汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语)(2)强调句型的问句形式。强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。 Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English? 是王教授教你们英语的吗？强调句型的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。Who was it that broke the window？打破窗子的是谁？When was it that you called me yesterday? 你昨天打电话给我是什么时候？I dont know who it was that broke the window.(3)含有not.u
3、ntil.的强调句型。其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调的部分that其他成分。It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。 2.谓语动词的强调如果需要强调谓语时，用？助动词do, does或did。Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。 He did write to you last week.上周他的确写信给你了。Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真的很努力。强调句型It is(was)后面的人称代词
4、若是从句中的主语， is/was的后面应当用主格形式。倘若这一人称代词是从句的宾语，则用宾格形式。It was him who I saw yesterday.我昨天见到的正是他。是他打破了窗户。【误】It was him who broke the window.【正】It was he who broke the window.知识点三省略句一、状语从句中的省略现象1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句谓语动词中又含有动词be时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：(1)连词(as, as if, once)名词Once (he was) a teacher,
5、 he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师，现在他在政府部门工作。 (2)连词(though, whether, when)形容词Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.年轻时努力工作，否则你会后悔的。(3)连词(whether, as if, while)介词短语He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.他到处看好像在找什么东西。(4)连词(when, while, though)现在分词While (I was)
6、 walking along the street, I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。 (5)连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.The exhibition is more interesting than I expected.The exhibition is more interesting than expecting.(6)连词(as if,
7、 as though)不定式He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.他张开嘴好像要说话。2.当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成“连词(if, unless，when, whenever)形容词”的结构。 Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查词典。 另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用ifso/not省略句式。 if so; if not; if any; if
8、ever; if/when possible; if/when necessaryGet up early tomorrow.If not (you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.明天早点起。否则(如果不那样)，你会错过头班车的。He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.那时他可能不在家。如果那样，就给他留个纸条。1.Though _(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a wa
9、rm welcome.答案surprised前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。2.It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine._(如果这样的话), wed better take it to the garage immediately.答案If so并列复合句中的省略 在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如： a) The boy picked u
10、p a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. b) Your advice made me happy but (your advice made) Tom angry . c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. d) Mary was born in 1979 and John (was born) in 1985.二、不定式的省略现象在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略
11、，但通常保留不定式符号to。1.代替动词不定式后被省略掉的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。 I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to see.我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。2.在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。 I didn
12、t want to go there, but I had to.我不想去那儿，但不得不去。3.在某些形容词 glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。 Will you join in the game？你想一起做游戏吗？ Id be glad to.好的。4.否定形式的省略用not to。 Shall I go instead of him？我要代替他去吗？I prefer not to.我宁愿不。 5.如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，则要保留这些词。Are you monitor
13、 of our class？你是我们的班长吗？No, but Id like to be.不，但是我想当。-Why didnt you turn up last night?-Sorry, but Id love to have.动词不定式to to 的省略 1. 主语部分有to do，系动词 is 或 was 时 ，作表语的不定式通常省去to。(可不省)如： The only thing you have to do is （to）press the button.All that you ever wanna do is (to) play the computer games. 2. 作
14、介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实意动词 do(以及do的其他形式)时，不定式省去to. 如 (前DO后无to) I didnt do anything but wait. 4. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，其后的不定式符号可以省略，但有对比关系时不可省略。如：It is easier to say than to do . I want to go and (to) visit her. 5. 在would ratherthan 等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略. 如：I would rather stay at home than go to see a film
15、.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。 6. 在感官动词see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to. 如：I saw her enter the room.我看见她进入了房间 7. why (not) do 结构 中,不定式也不带to。 如：Why not join us ?为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢? 2. 定语从句中的省略 1) 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that, which , whom 可以省略。如： Is this
16、reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?3. 宾语从句中的省略 1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词that 一般可以省略. 但如果及物动词后面是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。如： a) I think (that) the reform of the RMBs exchange rate is necessary. b) He said (that) you have tried your best and that the si
17、tuation has improved.4. should 的省略 在与suggest ,request ,order, advise 等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。如： He suggested (that) we (should) make better use of the time when we take classes on line.六. . 虚拟条件句中的省略 在if引导的虚拟条件句中，可省去if，此时，须把were、had或shoud提到主语前， 如：If I were a teacher, I would be
18、 strict with my students.= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.Had I had time, I would have come with you.Should it rain tomorrow, we would go camping.功能词的省略1、冠词的省略a) 两个并列的名词前面，第二个可以省略注意：如果省去冠词会误会为一个人则不省略。b) 家庭成员后面列举的可以省略c) 表示独一无二的职位前，这个职业不具体指只是某个人前的冠词，比如总统，主席2、介词的省略have difficulty
19、/ problem / trouble+（in）+vingspend time（in）+vingthere is no sense / point +（in）+ v-ingIt is no good/use (in) doing.stop / prevent （from）+ v-ingbe busy/occupied +（in）+vinghave a good / great /fun /hard / time +（in）+ving3、连词的省略：not (only)but(also); that 定语从句，等知识点四祈使句、感叹句及其他句式1.祈使句and/or陈述句名词短语and/or陈述
20、句陈述句一般用将来时。 Work hard and you will succeed. 努力工作你就会成功。 More time and I will do it better. 给我更多时间，我能做得更好。 Study hard, or you will fall behind.Study hard, or otherwise you could fall behind.2. Let开头的祈使句Let go!Let us go home!Let him go home!3. 祈使句的强调结构Do be careful!Do stop talking!4. 祈使句的反义疑问句Pass me t
21、he book, will you?/wont you?Lets go home, shall we?Let us/him go home, will you?Dont tell anyone about it , will you?2.感叹句基本构成形式：(1)What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！(2)How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语！(3)How形容词/副词主语谓语！What a clever boy he is！How clever the boy is！What beautiful flowers these are！How beautiful these flowers
22、 are!How high the mountain is！I cant believe _how_ beautiful these flowers are.I cant believe _what_ beautiful flowers these are.Well overcome what difficult situations we will meet.多好的姑娘啊！【误】How a nice girl she is!【正】What a nice girl she is！/How nice a girl she is!Dont turn off the computer before
23、closing all programs _(否则) you could have problems.答案or there be结构 . there be结构的谓语形式 there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur等替换。如： There is likely to be something wrong with his computer. Once upon a time there lived an old monk
24、in the temple. There remained some doubt among scientists whether the problem would be solved. (不能用It) There happened an air crash. .there be结构的非谓语形式 There being no enough time left，we have to hurry. 时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语) There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.
25、 已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得很厉害。(独立主格结构作状语) What is the chance of there being an election this year? 今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语) I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job. 我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构作expect的复合宾语) It is natural for there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children. 父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正的主语)