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1、艺术设计中英文对照外文翻译文献 中英文对照外文翻译 The traditional and new Abstract Its usefulness and beauty - creation of form and beauty - traditional beauty - beauty beyond the accumulation generation Its usefulness and functional beauty and its properties Function of beauty is useful in certain conditions and transform
2、ed into, including: improving the transformation of beauty - full effectiveness is reasonable and perfect, such as the validity of the reasonable structure and material and engineering, although not to the laws of the United States as a constraint, but probably because of the laws of the United Stat
3、es into rationality. From the function of beauty in light of the phenomenon that the essence of it, so that we can more deeply understand the beauty. First of all, it is the natural beauty of a similar nature beauty. Secondly, the practical purpose of functional beauty by great traction. Function to
4、 achieve the purpose, function of beauty can be achieved. Complete with artistic beauty standards to measure product design, it is often difficult to draw the conclusion that. Similarly, simple use and certain human material needs, supplies is beautiful generally does not affect the use. Third, Unit
5、ed States also has a social function. Products containing the function beauty can not affected by social productivity development and aesthetic psychology historical limitations. Function of beauty is a social concept, it is not possible to beyond the limitations of history, these belong to non trad
6、itional artistic beauty. Function of beauty is not useful to both beauty Function of beauty is not useful to both beauty The function of beauty as beauty of technology full, objective denied that the aesthetic value of the relative independence, the exclusion of form beauty. The specific meaning of
7、transformation is what? First of all, this conversion depends on the main body to take aesthetic attitude, aesthetic attitude is selective, aesthetics, aesthetic value is not purely objective, not subjective, but the unity of objective and subjective. Generally speaking, passive aesthetic feelings d
8、oes not require specialized training, but any person in the utilitarian purpose and social conditions, the aesthetic objects always have a choice. Secondly, the need to transform, it illustrates the use of value and aesthetic value are not completely the same, they are the unity of opposites. Use va
9、lue bring survival conditions, and can bring the enjoyment of the material. Aesthetic enjoyment is care in enjoyment, this word is mostly used in the visual arts, and appreciation, appreciation of different. The exhibition will have enough space, monument to the broad field of vision, is to have a s
10、ufficient distance to care, the whole body visible object. At the same time, simple use and certain human material needs, supplies is beautiful generally does not affect the use. Use value and aesthetic value can not be substituted for each other. The modern design idea is the extreme importance of
11、their unity, is not functional, not aestheticism. 4-2-3creation form and beauty of form and content is a relative concept, content organization form, is the content of each part of the combination mode. Everything has a form, aesthetic form, refers to the aesthetic object of the whole feeling is, is
12、 also considered, auditory or tactile perception of the entity, is the content of the being of beauty. Function : the being of beauty, is the technology of beautiful form, the beauty of form. A is any thing all has the form, one is content beauty relative beauty of form. Creation of content, usually
13、 understood as usefulness. So, in order to achieve useful form is the premise of the structure form. Structural forms are often influenced by the functional purpose of strict restrictions, each part as far as possible, efficient economy was integrated into a working whole. Form for the content that
14、relative independence The so-called relative independence, refers to the form can become independent of the design elements, but in the end it is difficult from the content. He believes that a function has a variety of forms of point of view, but he is against function determines form. Consumer prod
15、ucts of different shape change request. We use the degree of freedom and definition two concepts to summarize, objective time Oh deeper form of descriptions of relative independence. 1forms of the degrees of freedom on the form of degrees of freedom, the form of freedom, refers to the product struct
16、ure and appearance for the designer to control the extent of. The 2form of definition is followed by a form of definition, form clear high, the appearance of the product quality requirements are high. 4-2-2creation form characteristics of 1forms and content sharing a carrier such as; a Book2forms wi
17、th distinctive visual description of a creation of perception, often directly to its form, that precede the content to see its shape, color. While the content is sometimes cryptic, implication, so is the perception. 3form must have quality form material form is the physical form, is that people can
18、perceive form the basic conditions. From form to form beauty The beauty of form beauty in form of the quality connotation is very rich: (1) the function beauty beauty - the direct expression of the form, and the function of the com., is to the thing itself some characteristics of external a kind of
19、beauty. The traditional aesthetic meaning is actually refers to the traditional beauty contained in the spirit, is said by Li Zehou reason and passion human nature, the aesthetic form of the accumulation of social content. 1be handed down from age to age style and style here refers to those containi
20、ng the traditional culture art form, and because the program and be handed down from age to age and universality. For example, Chinese ancient etiquette building. 2 reproduction of the original ecological pattern. The traditional beauty of form1and form2 and the aesthetic function of the correspondi
21、ng things related to form from Le Corbusier absorption and development of gold segmentation examples can be seen clearly, the traditional form of beauty is what is real in design. Although we are not each day to see such a phenomenon, but it is impossible to ignore. 4-3modern beauty beyond design re
22、volution triggered by the anti traditional Design revolution triggered by the traditional trend of thought 11 decoration decorative worship worship the so-called loaded worship refers to the decoration can be detached from the function of free expansion, fancy coat become the aesthetic main object,
23、even the decoration as the main design, no decoration design is not design. The development of modern industry and full of decorative and interesting design: first, the contradiction between the manual era that carved the should be large quantities of production machines, only exclusive decoration w
24、ill have a large number of cheap products to market. Function of worship function worship the so-called functional worship, refers to the product design according to functional needs rather than decorative needs, in order to meet the students can repel any decoration production machine. Truly realiz
25、e the design must emphasize function and machines for the production of this principle the key figures. The design has two common characteristics: the consciousness to machine production or batch production; two prominent adaptation function thus made succinct. They make the name spread throughout t
26、he United States and europe. The modernistic design position to accommodate the large industrial production as the premise, emphasize high-volume production, product function is good, cheap, in the final analysis is amenable to function, namely form follows function or form and function of the high
27、degree of unity, the attendant Simple and unadorned geometric style is very natural, with Decor worship for the characteristics of the traditional design has also been completely subvert. Forms of worship The form of worship the worship of modernism design can be understood as functionalism design,
28、modern design and good at coordination function and design of coordinating the relationship between function and form, making them reach a harmonious. Therefore, it is not a pure function, and also not the pure form type. From its structure and aesthetic characteristics, the international style buil
29、ding was eventually replacing it with the Renaissance tradition is the opposite. 1pop art mass culture is a kind of popular democracy, and machine are combined as one of the culture. 2radical eclecticism postmodernism is a construction led, spread all areas of design, the mainstream style. Postmoder
30、nism and modernism of the fundamental difference in where? In modern simplistic form complex, and therefore does not hesitate to use once abandoned decoration, symbolism, but the decoration is modernism on the basis of additional fee, formation of classical, incongruous contrast effects and seems ra
31、ther than the exterior or interior space, resulting in the modern cold coagulation soil box talent showing itself in the. 3 ugly beauty3 ugly beauty ugly is the nature and common phenomenon in human society, it is a violation of the aesthetic standard, hinder the aesthetic consideration, classical b
32、eauty ugliness as beauty all the negative state, and humanity evil contact. Classical art basically does not accept ugly, ugly modern art becomes a kind of aesthetic factors, modernist art of ugliness becomes non-negligible role. We can summarize the evolution law of beauty are: first, the ugly can
33、be transformed into a beautiful. Secondly, the beauty and the ugly boundaries are not fixed. To sum up : the proof of design art in the beauty of modernism design challenge, or say to function determines form beyond. Modern beauty modern beauty beyond the beyond is refers to the traditional aestheti
34、c transcendence. Modern aesthetic concepts, although the traditional view for maternal-fetal. Design revolution triggered by the anti traditional Design revolution triggered by the traditional trend of thought Since twentieth Century the modern aesthetic concepts, essentially everything and the trad
35、itional are linked, but unconventional idea from where Erlai? It is not only a margin of natural philosophy, is also from the edge of aesthetics. Mechanical revolution is actually the design revolution, in twentieth Century, artistic conception is the cornerstone of the innovation, the most common w
36、ords in the avant-garde and modern. The thought is the core of anti traditional. On the other hand, is the new concept of art the feed design, making it a departure from the traditional design concept and has the avant-garde and modern features. 美的传统与新生 摘要 人造物的有用性与功能美人造物的形式与形式美传统美的积淀现代美的超越 人造物的有用性与功
37、能美和它的性质 功能美是有用性在一定条件下转化而成的，包括：完善转化的美充分的有效性就是合理和完善，如有有效性相应的合理结构和材料加工，虽然不以美的规律为约束，但可能因为符合美的规律而转化为“合理性” 。从功能美的现象来看它的本质，可以使我们更深刻认识这种美。首先，功能美是自然美性质相近的美。 其次，功能美受实用目的的极大牵引。功能目的实现以后，功能美才能实现。完全用艺术美的标准去衡量设计产品，往往很难得出结论。同样，单纯的使用价值与人的某种物质需求相关，用品是否美观一般不影响使用。第三，功能美还具有社会性。产品内含的功能美不能不受社会生产力发展和审美心理历史内容的局限。功能美是一个社会性的概
38、念，它不可能超越历史的局限，这些已属于非传统的艺术美。功能美不是“有用既美” 功能美不是“有用既美” 把功能美作为技术美的全部，客观否认了审美价值的相对独立性，排斥了形式美。“转化”的具体含意是什么呢？首先，这一转化取决于主体采取审美态度，而审美态度是有选择性的，美学中，审美 价值不是纯客观，也不是纯主观的，而是主客观的统一。一般来说，被动的审美感受不需要专门的训练，但任何人在功利目的和社会条件制约下，对审美对象总有所选择。其次，即需要转化，就说明使用价值和审美价值不是完全同一的，它们是对立的统一体。使用价值给人带来生存的条件，进而可以带来物质享受。审美享受是“关照里的享受” ，这一词大多用于
39、视觉艺术，而且与鉴赏、欣赏不同。画展要有足够的空间，纪念碑更需要广阔的视野，就是使关照者有足够的距离，看得见对象的整体。同时，单纯的使用价值与人的某种物质需求相关，用品是否美观一般不影响使用。使用价值和审美价值不能互相取代。现代设计观念却极端重视它们的统一，既不是功能主义的，也不是唯美主义的。 4-2-3 人造物的形式与形式美形式是与内容相对的概念，是内容的组织形式，是内容各部分的组合方式。任何事物都有形式，美学中的形式，是指审美对象的整个感觉实在，也就是视、听或触觉感知的实体，是内容美的存在方式。功能美的存在方式，就是技术美的形式，即形式美。一个是任何事物都有形式，一个是内容美相对的形式美。
40、人造物的内容，一般都理解为“有用性” 。那么，形式就是以实现有用性为前提的结构形式。结构形式往往受功能目的严格限制，各部分尽可能经济、高效地结合为一个可以运转的整体。 形式对于内容否认相对独立性 所谓相对独立，就是指形式可以成为独立的设计要素，但最终难以脱离的内容。他认为一种功能有多种形式的观点，但他反对“功 能决定形式” 。消费者对不同产品形式变化的要求不一样。我们用“自由度”和“清晰度”两个概念来加以概括，目的时间哦更深入地说明形式的相对独立性。 1. 形式的自由度关于形式的“自由度” ，形式的自由度，指产品结构和外观可供设计者支配的程度。 2. 形式的清晰度其次是形式的“清晰度” ，形式
41、的清晰高，对产品外观品质的要求也高。 4-2-2 人造物形式的特征 1.形式必须与内容共享一个载体比如；一本书籍 2.形式具有鲜明的直观性观照者对一件人造物的感知，往往先直观到它的形式，即先于内容看到它的形状、色彩。而内容有时是隐蔽的、意蕴的，所以是后感知的。 3. 形式必需有质量的形体物质的形式就是物质的形式，是人能感知形式的基本条件。 从形式到形式美 形式美的品质形式美的内涵十分丰富：（1）本之美功能美的直接表露形式，与功能的发挥融为一体，是以事物本身的某种性质表现外部的一种美。 传统美的内在意涵实际上就是指传统美所内含的精神，就是李泽厚所说的理智而激情的“人性” 、审美形式所积淀的社会内容。 1. 代代相传的“样式” “样式” 在这里专指那些蕴含传统文化的艺术形式，并因为程序化和代代相传而普遍性。比如中国的古代礼制建筑。 2.“再现”原生态的样式。传统美的外在形式 1.与功能相应事物形制 2.与审美相关的形式从勒柯布西耶吸收和发展黄金分割的事例可以清楚地看到，传统美的形式的确参透在现实设计中。