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1、完形填空本章导言 近年来高考完形填空题所要考查的要点用十六个字概括：信息常识、上下照应、搭配遣词、逻辑贯穿。 信息常识我们都有这样一种感觉：近几年来的高考完形填空题开头的几道小题很不容易填上，或者说不读完下文根本就填不上。这是因为考生只读文章的开头还没有进入语篇所提供的语言环境的缘故。这时我们不妨暂时放下开头的一个或假设干个无法判断的小题，随着阅读的进展逐渐地“入境，透过下文的字里行间，或直接或间接地找到答题所需要的信息。 上下照应 因为完形填空考查的是考生对文章的复写能力， 因此考生在做完形填空题时必须运用写文章的常识：欲使文章能做到结构严谨，必须要做到上下文相互照应。必须把握住“文中无闲句
2、，句中无闲字这一原那么，每选一个选项都要考虑到选项所在的句子与上下文有没有必然的联系，切不可由于错选而使选项所在的句子成了与上下文毫无联系的闲句。 搭配遣词 搭配问题包括以下几点：主谓搭配，动宾搭配，偏正搭配。除搭配之外，还应注意一些近义词的区别。 完形填空在词汇考查方面更加注重让考生根据语境推敲词汇的使用，根据语境进行遣词造句的能力。其中最典型的是典型例题T中的几道题，如：40题中的A项fixed，和B项checked，两个选项本身之间并无任何联系。然而fixed it (指thecar)和checked it这两个动宾搭配都说得通。但checked it只表示出检查的动作，而fixed i
3、t那么表达了修好这一结果。通篇考虑语境，最正确答案为修好这一结果为适宜。41题中的A项answered与D项tried两者本身也同样无任何联系。其中answer questions是学生们最顺口的一个表达法。然而try有“努力或“尽力做某事之意。结合智力测试这一语言环境选择tried更加贴切。综上所述，我们不难看出在一组词义上毫无联系、用法上无差异的选项中，我们可以不必考虑选项之间的区别，而只需考虑语境的需要，用修辞的手段推敲词汇的运用。 逻辑贯穿 完形填空考点之一就是要求考生做到上下文融会贯穿。假设上文有因为，下文必须要有所以；假设上文有其所然，下文必须要有其所以然。这些因果关系并非通过文字
4、的外表能看得出来，而是需要考生通过字里行间仔细地揣摩，使自己复写文章的思路同原文作者的写作意图相吻合才能摸索出因为与所以，或其所然与其所以然之间的脉络。另外，重视短文首句的启示作用。完形填空的首句往往是完整的。最后要校正答案。全文填空结束以后，应复读全文，查核全文意思是否完整合理，前后有无矛盾。 为了提高综合语言能力，考生在复习中可从以下几个方面着手： 1熟练运用英语语法和英语短语、惯用法的搭配知识。一个人的语法知识和词汇越丰富， 阅读速度就越快，对文章的理解就越全面、深刻。完形填空不直接考查语法，但它通过检查理解程度，间接地考查语法知识。习语和惯用法的搭配要作为一个语言整体来记忆，平时阅读要
5、不断锤炼自己的辨析能力。 2丰富的词汇知识和扎实的辨义能力。在阅读中要注意这么几个方面：词义相近，差异何在；词形相仿，区别何在；意义近似，用法如何。当然，单词的用法是根底中的根底。对于高考纲要中要求掌握的词汇，必须要熟练掌握它们常见的搭配和用法，同时，在平时的阅读中要注意英语词汇中常用的构词法。 3. 掌握阅读技巧，提高语篇理解能力。完形填空的主旨在于考查阅读理解能力，这种能力要靠平时的科学训练才能取得。在平时的练习会掌握成组视读、略读和寻读等阅读技巧，从而提高阅读速度； 同时，要善抓语篇的关键词、关键句、主题句和结论句，这就有助于理解整篇文章。4学会正确的逻辑推断方法，强化自己的分析思考能力
6、。逻辑思维能力有助于对文章深层次意义的理解，从而更易把握文章的主旨，理解作者的观点。要顺利推知未知信息，必须加强泛读以拓宽自己的知识面。高考考点导向 在一篇200250字左右的短文中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最正确选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。完形填空题中包括语法知识、词汇意义及用法、常识、逻辑推理、对上下文的理解等考点。近几年题目重点较集中在词汇以及对上下文乃至全文的理解上。所选材料有记叙文、议论文和说明文等，内容贴近学生生活，语言通俗易懂。所设题目主要以实词为主，虚词为辅，同时文中有一些生词以及根据构词法而来的新词和短语。 高考考题解析 考题 1
7、 ( NMET 典型例题 I climbed the stairs slowly, carrying a big suitcase, my father following with two more. By the time I got to the third floor, I was 1 and at the same time felt lonely. Worse still, Dad 2 a step and fell, sending my new suitcases 3 down the stairs. Damn! he screamed, his face turning re
8、d. I knew 4 was ahead. Whenever Dads face turns red, 5 ! How could I ever 6 him to finish unloading the car 7 screaming at me and making a scene in front of the other girls, girls I would have to spend the 8 of the year with? Doors were opening and faces peering out (探出), as Dad walked 9 close behin
9、d. I felt it in my bones that my college life was getting off to a (探出) 10 start. 11 the room, quickly, I thought. Get him into a chair and calmed down. But 12 , would there be a chair in Room 3167 Or would it be a (n) 13 room? 14 I turned the key in the lock and 15 the door open, with Dad 16 compla
10、in- ing (抱怨) about a hurting knee or .something. I put my head in, expecting the 17 But to my 18 , the room wasnt empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and seven paint- ings on the walls.And there on a well-made bed sat my new 19 , dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod, she mid in a .soft
11、 voice, Hi, you must be Cori. Then, she 20 the music and looked over at 21 , And of course, youre Mr Faber, she .said, 22 Would you like a glass of iced tea? Dads face turned 23 before he could bring out a yes.I knew 24 that Amy and I would be 25 and my first year of college would be a success.1. A.
12、 helpless B. lazy C. anxious D. tired 2. A. took B. minded C. missed D. picked 3. A. rolling B. passing C. dropping D. turning 4. A. suffering B. difficulty C. trouble D. danger 5. A. go ahead B. look out C. hold on D. give up 6. A. lead B. help C. encourage D. get 7. A. after B. without C. while D.
13、 besides 8. A. best B. beginning C. end D. rest 9. A. with difficulty B. in a hurry C. with firm steps D. in wonder 10.A. fresh B. late C. bad D. late 11.A. Search B. Find C. Enter D. Book 12.A. in fact B. by chance C. once more D. then again 13. A. small B. empty C. new D. neat 14. A. Finally B. Me
14、anwhile C. Sooner or later D. At the moment 15. A. knocked B. forced C. pushed D. tired 16. A. yet B. only C. even D. still17. A. worst B. chair C. best D. tea 18. A. regret B. disappointment C. surprise D. knowledge 19. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbour D. companion 20. A. turned on B. turned d
15、own C. played D. enjoyed 21. A. Dad B. me C. the door D. the floor 22. A. questioning B. wondering C. smiling D. guessing 23. A. red B. less pale C. less red D. pale 24. A. soon B. there C. later D. then 25. A. sisters B. friends C. students D. fellows 解析 1.D.根据上文，我正负重爬楼，自然是感到累了。 2.C.爸爸摔跤又跌掉了手提箱，显然是
16、因为“missed。step。 3.A.down the stairs意思是“沿着楼梯，那么跌落的手提箱应该是滚动着F楼梯了。 4.C.trouble意思是“麻烦。 5.B.look out此处意思是“留神，注意。 6.D.get sb(odosth意思是“使某人厂某事。 7.B.此处是作者的一个设想。如果能有方法阻止父亲对我怒吼或者令我在其他女同字面前丢面子就好了。 8.D.therest of the year意思是“今午余下的时问。9.A. with difficulty意思是“艰难地。从上文中可知，只带一只箱子：我都感到很累，带两只箱子父亲当然更累了，更何况他还因踩空而摔过一跤呢：10
17、.C.上文爸爸已经给过我一个打击，所以作者觉得自己的大学生活不会有一个好的 升端了。 11.B.这是个祈使句。作者想尽快找到房间以便安抚一下父亲、 12.D.then again意思是“再者、此外，表示递进关系。其他三项意思不符。 13.B.empty意思是“空的，与上文形成比照。 14.A.Finally意思是“最后、终于，意思是经过一些辛苦和恐惧，终于找到宿舍了，、 15.C.push the door open意思是“推开房间门。 16.D.still意思是“仍然，还，说明父亲余怒未消，快要进门了还在喋喋不休。 17.A.theworst是形容词的最高级，意思是“最坏的、最糟糕的，作者是
18、说她已做好最坏的打算。 18.C.to my surprise意思是“令我吃惊的是，在这儿but表示转折，指事情出乎作者意料。 19.A.翻开宿舍门，作者看到Amy已经铺好床在休息了，他们同住室，自然是室反(roommate) 20.B.turn down the music意思是“把音乐声音关小，以便与作者的父亲打招呼。 21.A.跟走在前面的作者打招呼后，Amy又跟Dad打招呼。22.C.smiling意思是“正微笑着，自从我进门，Amy就一直在表示着她的友好。 23.C.Less red,此处承接第一段Dads fACE turned red.意思是父亲受到时Amy热情友好的接待，怒气渐
19、消，脸色也“不那么红了。 24.D.then意思是“在那个时刻。 25.B.根据前文作者对Amy的描写以及文章最后一句话，可以看出此时的作者对 Amy的友谊和未来一年的大学生活充满了成功的信念。 考题2(NMET 典型例题春季) People do not analyse every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people.
20、 Other times they begin to act without 2 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error. 3 , when all of these methods 4 , the person with a problem has to start analysing. There are six 5 in analysing a problem. 6 the person must recognise that there is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is bro
21、ken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must 7 that there is a problem with his bicycle. Next the person must 8 the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must 9 the parts that are wrong. Now the person must look for 10 that
22、 will make the problem clearer and lead to 11 .solutions. For example, suppose Sam 12 that his bike does not work because there is some- thing wrong with the brakes. 13 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, 14 his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.Af
23、ter 15 the problem, the person should have 16 suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example 17 , his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones. In the end, one 18 seems to be the solution 19 the problem. Sometimes the 20 idea comes quite
24、 21 because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees some- thing in a 22 way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum ( 口香糖) stuck to a brake. He 23 hits on the solution to his problem: he must 24 the brake. Finally the solution is 25 Sam does it and finds his bicycle
25、works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.1. A. serious B. usual C. similar D. common 2. A. practice B. thinking C. understanding D. help 3. A. Besides B. Instead C. Otherwise D. However 4. A. fail B. work C. change D. develop 5. A. ways B. conditions C. stages D. orders 6. A. First B. Usu
26、ally C. In general D. Most importantly 7. A. explain B. prove C. show D. see 8. A. judge B. find C. describe D. face 9. A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover 10.A. answers B. skills C. explanation D. information 11.A. possible B. exact C. real D. special 12.A. hopes B. argues C. decides D. sug
27、gests 13.A. In other words B. Once in a whileC. First of all D. At this time 14. A. look for B. talk to C. agree with D. depend on 15. A. discussing B. settling down C. comparing with D. studying 16. A. extra B. enough C. several D. countless 17. A. secondly B. again C. also D. alone 18. A. suggesti
28、on B. conclusion C. decision D. discovery 19. A. with B. into C. for D. to 20. A. next B. clear C. final D. new 21. A. unexpectedly B. late C. clearly D. often22. A. simple B. different C. quick D. sudden 23. A. fortunately B. easily C. clearly D. immediately24. A. clean B. separate C. loosen D. rem
29、ove 25. A. recorded B. completed C. tested D. accepted解析 这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了人们碰到问题时怎样分析问题，使问题最后得以解决的几 个阶段。文章结构严谨，层次清楚，举例得当。开篇提出了人们为什么要解决问题，接着以Sam如何解决白行车车闸出现的故障为例，阐述了解决问题通常采取的几个阶段。1C从上文的提示“People do not analyse every problem they meetSometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time，说明人们一旦遇上类似的问
30、题，首先想到的是上次碰到这类问题的解决方法。 2B根据上文“remember a so lution from the last time可判断人们会“不假思索地行动。 3D根据下文“the person with a problem has to start analysing用however表示转折。 4Afail=be unsuccessful，do not work (不成功、不奏效)，符合文义。 5巳从下文的列举看，作者讲的是解决问题的六个阶段，且层层深入，而不是在阐述解决问题的六个方法、条件、顺序。故C项切题。 6A下文next，finally等说明作者在列举分析问题、解决问题的几
31、个步骤，故填first(首先)，与下文照应。 7D作为分析的第一步，Sam必须查看自行车的毛病出在哪儿。see在此的含义是：examine or recognize by looking。 8Bsee查看的结果是find the problem(找出问题)，find是see的逻辑上的结果。 9Bdetermine在这里意为“经研究反省等了解或断定，因为只有断定哪个局部有问题，才会找到针对性的解决方法。 10D根据下文“he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes，talked to his friends at the
32、 bikeshop，说明Sam是在查找有关自行车修理的资料和信息。 11A此时的解决方案尚未确定，故只能是possible solutions，下文a possible solution有暗示。12Cdecide意为“断定与determine同义，说明Sam断定自行车出毛病的部位是车13D此题考查四个短语所表示的含义。in other words意为“换句话说；once in a while表示“偶尔；first of all意为“首先；at this time表示“此时，同时。根据下文可判断“Sam断定车闸出了毛病的同时即查找修理车闸的资料。 14B此处用talk to说明Sam与自行车店的
33、朋友通过交谈了解修理自行车车闸的有关资料、信息。 15D上文Sam所做的一切均属于studying(学习、研究)的行为。 16C下文所举的“tighten or loosen the brakes；buy new brakes and change the old ones说明此处应填several。 17B作者再次以Sam修自行车为例，说明确定问题所在之后如何解决问题，有一些意见、建议可供选择。18A根据上文“Aftersuggests for a possible solution说明有一些建议可供选择，但最终导致解决问题似乎只有其中的一条。19Da solution to the pro
34、blem(问题的解决方法)为习惯搭配。 20C从下文举例看，有时导致解决问题最后的主意纯属意外。 21丸上文提到Sam解决自行车车闸问题有几条建议可供选择：拧紧或放松车闸，买新车闸，更换旧车闸，这时Sam突然发现车闸不灵的原因是一块口香糖将车闸粘住了，最终导致解决问题的方法便是意料之外了。 22B.根据上文“something new可断定车闸问题的意外发现使Sam立即采取了完全不同的解决方法。 23D发现了问题的症结所在，解决问题便当机立断，毫不迟疑。 24A根据常识可判断“既然口香糖粘住了车闸，只需清洗干净就可解决问题。 25C根据下面一句“Sam does it and finds hi
35、s bicycle works perfectlyIn a short he has,solved the problem，可推断Sam的解决方法经过“检验(test)获得了成功。 考题3(NMET典型例题 He has been called the missing link. Half-man, half-beast. He is supposed to live in the highest mountain in the world-Mount Everest. He is known as the Abominable Snowman. The 1 of Snowman has be
36、en around for 2 Climbers in the 1920s reported finding marks like those of human feet high up on the side of Mount Everest. The native people said they 3 this creature and called it the Yeti, and they said that they had 4 caught Yetis on two occasions 5 none has ever been produced as evidence (证据).
37、Over the years, the story of the Yetis has 6 In 1951, Eric Shipton took photographs of a set of tracks in the snow of Everest. Shipton believed that they were not 7 the tracks of a monkey or bear and 8 that the Abominable Snowman might really 9 Further efforts have been made to find out about Yetis.
38、 But the only things people have ever found were 10 footprints. Most believe the footprints are nothing more than 11 animal tracks, which had been made 12 as they melted (融化) and refrozen in the snow. 13 , in 1964, a Russian scientist said that the Abominable Snowman was 14 and was a remaining link
39、with the prehistoric humans. But. 15._ , no evidence has ever 16 been produced. These days, only a few people continue to take the story of Abominable Snowman _17 _. but if they ever 18 catching one, they may face a real 19 : Would they put it in a 20 or give it a room in a hotel?1. A. event B. stor
40、y C. adventure D. description 2. A. centuries B. too long C. some time D. many years 3. A. heard from B. cared for C. knew of D. read about 4. A. even B. hardly C. certainly D. probably 5. A. as B. though C. when D. until 6. A. developed B. changed C. occurred D. continued 7. A. entirely B. naturally C. clearly D. simply 8. A. found B. declared C. felt D. doubted 9. A. exist B. escape C. disappear D. return 10. A. clearer B. more C. possible D. rare 11. A. huge B. recent C. ordinary D.