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1、高三英语专题复习高三英语专题复习英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧高考考试说明对阅读理解的要求高考考试说明对阅读理解的要求 要求学生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，要求学生读懂简易的英语文学作品，科普文章，公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般公告，说明，广告以及书，报，杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：1 理解语篇理解语篇主旨大意主旨大意2 理解文中理解文中具体信息具体信息3 根据上下文提供的线索根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义推测生词的词义4 根据文中事实和线索根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理作出简单的判断和推理5
2、 理解文章的理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑基本结构和文脉逻辑关系关系6 理解作者的理解作者的观点，意图和态度观点，意图和态度1、细节理解题、细节理解题(questions of details)2、词义猜测题、词义猜测题(words in context)3、推理判断题、推理判断题(questions of inference)4、主旨归纳题、主旨归纳题(main idea) 主旨归纳题（主旨归纳题（main idea)main idea)： 考查考查文章的大意文章的大意， 考查学生考查学生归纳总结能力归纳总结能力. 1.1.What is the What is the main subjec
3、t /the best titlemain subject /the best title of of the passage?the passage?2.2. 3. The 3. The title that besttitle that best expresses the expresses the main main ideaidea of the passage is _. of the passage is _.4. From the passage 4. From the passage we know thatwe know that _. _.5. The 5. The ma
4、in ideamain idea of this passage is _. of this passage is _.6. The passage is 6. The passage is mainly aboutmainly about _. _.7. 7. Question forms:Two types: main idea; topic / title/ headline How can we get a proper topic or the main idea of a passage?The key to solving this problem is to toto get
5、get the the topic sentencetopic sentence or or topic paragraphtopic paragraph is.is.解题技巧：解题技巧： Skill one :Skill one : Find the topic sentence by its specialpositions in the passagePlease underline the topic Please underline the topic sentences of the following sentences of the following four paragra
6、phs within 4 four paragraphs within 4 minutes and pay attention minutes and pay attention to their positions in the to their positions in the paragraph.paragraph.Passage 1 English is clearly an international language. It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the wor
7、ld. Over 70 percent of the worlds radio programs are in English. the topic sentece is at the first sentence / paragraph.模式：总模式：总 分分 分分) 。新闻报道、新闻报道、 说明文、议论文常用此方式说明文、议论文常用此方式 Passage A Losing weight by just thinking about being slim. Sounds wonderful, right? British sports psychologist, Pete Cohen, ex
8、plains how losing weight could be all in the mind. ( 说明文) . What is the best title for this passage? A How to be slim B. Lose weight C Idea about slimness D Stop dieting C Passage B The conditions in which zoo animals are kept have become greatly better over the past ten years. For example, one chan
9、ge for polar bears has been to feed them with live seafood and frozen vegetables. （议论文） The article mainly talks about _. A animals food change B conditions at the zoo C zoo breeding progammes D keeping animals nature B passage C In Beijing, a campaign was recently launched, which focused on incorre
10、ct English usage. As a result, 1,000 mistakes were turned up by the locals. For example, “Welcome” was mistakenly used as “Welcome to come”. Campaign organizers asked residents to look out for incorrect English in their local areas and send in examples. In one month about 400 residents spotted error
11、s and reported them to the campaign organized by a local newspaper and Olympic worldwide partner Kodak. Passage 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class.ThereforeT
12、herefore, not a single teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. the topic sentece is at the last sentence / paragraph.分分 分分 总）总）,即先摆事即先摆事实，后作结论的实，后作结论的导引导引-摆事实摆事实-结论结论 Passage D If only I had known that was the last chance for me to talk to her! If so, I would have sa
13、id to her, “Hi, my dearest sister! Do you know how much I love you and how proud I am of you?” Every time when alone, I always think about how much happiness she once brought to the people who loved her. I can still remember her smile which was so bright and so beautiful. I have no more chances to t
14、ell her what I think about her now, though I wish she could know it in heaven. I know that I will never have another chance to tell my sister that I love her very much. But I think I still have many chances to tell other people that I love them.So why not right at this moment tell them that you love
15、 them? Why do they always hesitate to do that? Do it right now, or you will never have the chance! Passage 3 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, lat
16、er, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation f
17、rom Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail 1 1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。误以为是主题。 2 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。节或是没有对细节加以充分
18、论证。 3 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。(too narrow)(too broad)(too subjective)Passage 5 Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship. Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King
19、of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the trip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and f
20、resh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape o
21、f Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. b Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Magellans death
22、 B. Going Around The World C. The World Is Round D. Magellans Voyage(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(proper) Passage E Take the escalator but climb the stairs while you ride. Youll get there faster and fuse your muscles while you are at it. Just 5 minutes of stair climbing burns 144 calories. Ins
23、tead of piling items on the stairs so you can take them upstairs at once, take them one at a time . Play with kids: Impromptu games of basketball, touch football , or tag or just jumping rope or throwing a ball -will help you use energy and set a good example of active play for the children. Calorie
24、s burned : 80137 every 10 minutes. The best title of the article will be _. A .How to lose weight B. Ways to Burn Calories Without Noticing C .Sports Is Good for Your Health D The more exercise, the Better Shape You Will Have Positions of topic sentences :At the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo cl
25、ear topic sentenceSkill two Find the topic sentence Find the topic sentence by referring to some by referring to some information words information words Passage 6 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And
26、the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. （1分钟）分钟） So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance Passage F A college diploma has long been the ticket to a good job, but but
27、the worst economic crisis in decades has ruined the dreams of many U.S. college seniors. It is said that 1.6 million college degrees will be awarded this year, a figure that has climbed steadily. What is the main idea of the passage? A Graduating US college seniors enter weak job markets. B. College
28、 diplomas guarantee good jobs. C The USA experiences the highest U.S. unemployment rate D.The worst economic crisis is under wayAPassage G The conditions in which zoo animals are kept have become greatly better over the past ten years. For example, one change for polar bears has been to feed them wi
29、th live seafood and frozen vegetables 文章中的文章中的but, however, as a result, therefore, so, on the whole , in short, 等词通常是引等词通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。出中心主旨的方向词。 而而for example,first,or to begin with等是引等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。的中心主旨。Summary 如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题1. 确定文章的文体，根据文体判断主题句的位置确定文章的文体，根据文体判断主
30、题句的位置（首段，末段，中间段或隐含在文中。）（首段，末段，中间段或隐含在文中。）2.文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性 的提示词后。的提示词后。文章中的文章中的but,however,as result,therefore, so, on the whole , in short, 等等词通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。词通常是引出中心主旨的方向词。 而而for example,first,or to begin with等是引出细等是引出细节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主节的信息词，在它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。旨。3.文章的主题作者
31、往往有意识地反复论述。抓住文章的主题作者往往有意识地反复论述。抓住反反 复出现的中心词复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题，即高频词，也叫做主题阅读解题四步骤阅读解题四步骤第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意第一步：通读全文，把握文章大意第二步：细读题干，查询转换内容第二步：细读题干，查询转换内容第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息第三步：扫读语块，搜索有效信息第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案第四步：查读题项，定位正确答案“毛病毛病”（bad habits）: 教学过程中，发现学生教学过程中，发现学生在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。在阅读时常做些不利于阅读的坏动作。有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头
32、、有的同学晃头、颠腿、转笔、听音乐、咬指头、趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。趴在桌子上、揪头发等等。 1“指读指读” 2“声读声读” 3“译读译读” 4“回读回读” 5“参照读参照读” 6“视幅过窄视幅过窄”TIPSPut yourself in the writers shoes ! Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. Al
33、l small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. Th
34、ey things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them. Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions. Topic Sentence: Kleptomania
35、is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of he
36、alth. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Q: What does the passage mainly tells?A. How people stay healthy B.How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreamsTopic Sentence: Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of healt
37、h For years , scientists have studied stem-cell treatment of cancer. Doctors now use stem cells in therapies for several forms of the disease . But at the same time, researchers increasingly are examining a possible connection between stem cells and cancer. The best title of the passage would be _.
38、A Research into Cancer Srtem Cells Breaks Through B Cancer Stem Cells Capture Attention of Scientists C Much Research into Cancer Stem Cells Have Been Done D California and Canada Invested More to Cancer Research Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still sprea
39、d disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world. ？_ Reading is the key to school success and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foo
40、t in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.” Educators call it “ automaticity (自动自动).Q: The first paragraph tells us _.A.what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.