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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载高考英语核心语法核心语法一 : 非谓语动词【学问简介】动词按语法功能可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词；谓语动词争论动词的时态,语态及语气等形式,而非谓语动词就争论动词充当谓语以外的句子成分的情形；非谓语动词可分为三类：不定式、动名词（即 在分词和过去分词） ；【要点难点 】考点一 非谓语动词的时态和语态-ing 动词具出名词性） 、分词（包括现动词不定一般式主动形式被动形式to do to be done 式动词进行式to be doing to have been 完成式to have done done to have been
2、 完成进行式doing being done 一般式doing ing 完成式having done having been 形式done 考点二过去分词只有一种形式done 非谓语动词作状语1不定式作状语 1作目的状语,有时用 in order to 或 so as to；To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best. 要想成为赢家,你要付出全部并竭尽全力；2作结果状语,常用结构enough to,too.to.,only to 等；Im too tired to stay up any longer. 我太累
3、了,不能再熬夜了；等；3作缘由状语, 此常常与表示情感的形容词连用,如 glad,happy,frightened ,surprisedIm very glad to hear the news. 我特别兴奋听到这个消息；4在“ 主语系动词形容词to do ”的结构中,常用主动形式表示被动含义；The question is very difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答；2动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作状语1 动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作状语时与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - -
4、 - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载生, having done 表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作；Not knowing his address, I cant call on him. 由于不知道他的地址,我无法拜望他；Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 由于没有收到回信,他准备再写一 封；2 动词 ing 形式 现在分词 可作时间、缘由、方式、相伴、结果、让步等状语；The children came in, talking and laughing. 孩子们进来时边说边笑；3过去分词作状语 1
5、过去分词作状语时与句中主语构成规律上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生；Inspired by his speech, we took action at once. 在他演讲的激励下,我们立刻行动了起来；2某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,此时作状语时相当于形容词作状语；After a days work, he returned home ,exhausted. 工作了一天后,他回到家,筋疲力尽；4不定式与动词ing 形式 现在分词 作结果状语的比较不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果；自然而然的结果；而动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作结果状语表示He hurried to the station
6、, only to find the train had left. 他匆忙到达车站,结果却发觉火车已经出站了；It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces. 南方下了大雨,造成了几个省严峻的洪涝灾难；5动词 ing 形式 现在分词 与过去分词作状语的比较 作状语时, 是用动词 ing 形式 现在分词 仍是过去分词, 取决于该动词与主语之间的关系,如为意义上的主动关系,就用动词分词；ing 形式 现在分词 ；如为动宾关系,就用过去Seeing from the top of the h
7、ill, we find the park even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,我们发觉这个公园更加漂亮；Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks even more beautiful. 从山顶上看,这个公园显得更加漂亮；考点三 非谓语动词作定语1不定式作定语1不定式作定语时与所修饰的词之间存在动宾关系,词,一般要跟相应的介词；但是,假如不定式修饰的名词是面的介词习惯省去；He has a lot of things to deal with. 他有很多事情需要处理；假如不定式中的动词是不及物动 time, place, w
8、ay 等,不定式后2如名词前有序数词、最高级或 no, all, only 等修饰,后面一般用不定式作定语；He is always the first to come to school. 他总是第一个到校；3用来修饰抽象名词常常用不定式作定语,常见的有ability, chance, attempt, warning名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载等；I dont trust his promise to come for a call. 我不信任他来访的诺言；2动词 ing 形式 现在分词
9、 作定语 动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为规律上的主谓关系,表示动 作的主动和进行；The girl singing on the stage is his sister. 在台上唱歌的那个女孩是他的妹妹；3过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语时与它修饰的名词之间为规律上的动宾关系,表示动作的被动和完 成；Have you read the novel written by Mo Yan. 你看过莫言的那本小说吗？4to be done, being done 与 done 作定语时的比较 This is the problem to be discussed tomorr
10、ow. 这是明天要争论的问题；表被动、将来 This is the problem being discussed now. 这是现在正在争论的问题；表被动、进行 This is the problem discussed yesterday. 这是昨天争论过的问题；表被动、完成 考点四 非谓语动词作宾语 主语 补足语 1不定式作宾补1常跟不定式作宾补的动词有advise, allow, ask, tell, teach, encourage, cause 等,常构成结构 tell sb.to do sth. 以 tell 为例 ；The teacher encouraged us to wr
11、ite a composition every week. 老师勉励我们每周写一篇作文；2感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式不带 to,但变为被动语态,作主补的不定式需带 to；常见的词有：一感觉：feel；二听： listen to,hear；三使： let,have, make；四看： see,watch, notice, observe 等；另外, help 后作宾补的不定式符号 to 可有可无；I saw him go into the room just now. 我刚才观察他走进了这个屋子；He was seen to go into the room just now. 有人观
12、察他刚才走进了这个屋子；3以下结构中用不定式作主补,例如be said/reported/believed/considered to 等；Our football team is reported to have won the match. 据报道, 我们的足球队赢得了这场比赛；2动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作宾补动词 ing 形式 现在分词 作宾补时强调宾语发出的动作正在进行；常见带有这种复合宾语的动词有：六让：make,let,have,get,keep,leave；三看： look at,see,watch；两听： listen to ,hear；一留意： notice；一发觉：
13、find ；一感觉： feel 等；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Listen. Do you hear someone calling for help. 听！你听到有人喊救命吗？3过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补时其动词形式与宾语发出的动作有规律上的被动关系,且表示完成；Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. 在史密斯先生度假期间,他家被盗了；考点五 非谓语动词作宾语1有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语,常见的
14、有 agree,afford,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,offer,pretend, wish,promise 等；We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasnt turned up yet. 我们约好在此地见面,但她到现在仍未露面；2有些动词或短语只能跟动词ing 形式 动名词 作宾语, 常见的有admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike ,escape,excuse,imagine,mind ,miss错过 ,risk,suggest, be
15、 used to习惯于 ,cant stand无法忍耐 ,give up ,feel like ,keep on,insist on,look forward to,put off ,devote to,stick to ,object to ,get down to 等；He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity. 他为这次面试做了充分预备,由于他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险；3有些动词既可跟不定式又可跟动词ing 形式 动名词 作宾语,意义区分不大,但表
16、示常常性的动作常用动词ing 形式 动名词 ,表示详细的动作常用不定式,常见的有begin,start,continue, like ,love,prefer 等；I like playing/to play football. 我喜爱踢足球；4有些动词或短语既可跟不定式又可跟动词明显的区分,常见的有：forget to do sth.遗忘去做某事 未做 forget doing sth. 遗忘做过某事 已做 ing 形式 动名词 作宾语,但意义有着remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 未做 remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 已做 try to do sth
17、. 尽力去做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事regret to do sth. 对即将做的事感到遗憾 未做 regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到懊悔 已做 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 此处不定式作状语 stop doing sth. 停止做某事mean to do sth. 准备做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go on to do sth. 连续做另一件事go on doing sth. 连续做同一件事cant help to do sth. 不能帮忙做某事cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事名师归纳总结
18、 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载That would mean wasting a lot of labor. 那将意味着铺张很多劳动力；Really. I dont mean to waste any labor. 真的吗？我并没准备铺张劳动力；5动词 need,want ,require 后跟 doing 作宾语时,主动形式表示被动含义,另外 be worth doing 也是主动表示被动；The young trees need watering/to be watered. 这些小树需要浇水；6介词
19、后一般跟动词ing 形式 动名词 作宾语, 但 but/except 后接不定式作宾语,如前面有实义动词 do 就不带 to,反之就带 to；He had nothing to do but lie down and sleep. 他无事可做,只好躺下睡觉；7动词如 find ,feel,expect,think ,consider,make 等词后接不定式作宾语,宾语后跟形容词或名词作宾补,此时要用 it 作形式宾语；He found it hard to solve the problem. 他发觉很难解答这个难题；8某些动词跟动词ing 形式 动名词 作宾语, 但需跟不定式作宾补,常见的
20、有allow ,permit ,forbid ,advise,consider 等；They dont allow smoking in the office. 他们不答应在办公室吸烟；They dont allow him to smoke in the office. 他们不答应他在办公室吸烟；考点六 非谓语动词作主语和表语1不定式与动词ing 形式 动名词 作主语和表语的区分不定式表示某一详细的,特别是未发生的动作；动词ing 形式 动名词 表示抽象的、泛指的动作；作主语常常用 it 作形式主语而把不定式或动词ing 形式 动名词 置后；Playing with fire is dang
21、erous. 玩火危急；To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危急；It is no use crying over split milk. 覆水难收；2过去分词与动词ing 形式 现在分词 作表语的区分两者作表语时基本都是已经形容词化的动词ing 形式 动名词 或过去分词, 此时表示“ 令人 的”用动词 ing 形式 现在分词 ；表示 “感到 的”用过去分词；The boy was disappointing. His parents felt disappointed. 这个孩子令人扫兴,他的父母感到很扫兴；考点七 独立主格结构 常考的独立主格
22、结构的形式1with 名词 /代词不定式 表主动、将来 With so much work to do, I cant go swimming with you. 有那么多工作要做,我不能和你一起去游泳；2with 名词 /代词动词 ing 形式 表主动、进行 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载张；With so many people looking at him, he felt very nervous. 那么多人看着他,他感到很紧3with 名词 /代词过去分词 表被动、完成 The pr
23、oblem solved, the quality has been improved. 问题解决了,质量也提高了；【专项练习 】I. 用动词的适当形式填空 1. He walked up and down,_ lose in thought. 2. I sat before the desk until after midnight, _absorb in writing. 3. _surround by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly. Greatly_disappointed, some staff dec
24、ided to leave the place. 4.5. _ take by surprise, the enemy surrendered. 6. _ throw to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later. 7. _give more time, the slow learners would have done better. When _ask about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic. 8.9. Susan seldo
25、m speaks in class until _speak to. 10. Mosquitoes should be completely exterminated where_find. 11. Retirees in good health should be invited to return to work wherever _need. 12. If _keep for too long, some medicine will lose their effectiveness. 13. We have made a point of not _attack unless_attac
26、k. 14. Though _warn of danger, they still went mountaineering. 15. Even though _defeat for a second time, our team did not give up hope for the ultimate victory. 16. With the water pipe _choke, there wasn t any more water for use. 17. Without anything_leave in the kitchen, the Wangs decided to eat o
27、ut. 18. It is no good _ expect me_overlook careless mistakes. 19. What time would it be convenient for me _call you again. 20. I promise _ return your bike in good condition. 21. He explained what _do if the car broke down. 22. You must stop _wish and start _think practically. 23. Your watch is alwa
28、ys slow; it needs _repair. 24. On _step out of the station my brother found himself face to face with an old friend of his. 25. He had no choice but _give up the plan. 26. Nothing can make him _change his mind. 27. The police had everybody _write down his name and address. 28. The police had every d
29、etail _write down. 29. _never see him before, I didn t know what he looked like. 30. I didn t hear a single word _speak in that classroom that day and I could feel my heart _pound. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载31. The earthquake sent everything _ crash to the gro
30、und. 32. _walk slowly down the road, he saw a woman _accompany by two children. 33. An icy wind blow from the great plain, _cut to the bone. 34. I don t argue with you. You will never get me _agree. 35. I know him _be innocent, but I can do nothing _help him. 36. I showed him where _find the best sp
31、ecimens. 37. They failed in their attempt _climb up the mountains. 38. She was the first woman _fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. 39. _enter the room, he flung open all the windows, _let the warm summer air _blow in from the scented garden. 40. It was reported that 115 miners _trap in the flooded
32、mine for eight days were pulled out alive at last. 41. The plane was _take off, but something went wrong with it. 42. I meant _tell you about it, but I forgot _do so. 43. _know him, I was distressed _hear of his death. 44. His guilt _prove, he knew he had nothing_hope for. 45. _keep what belongs to
33、another is equal to _steal. 46. What upset the child was his _not allow _visit his mother in the hospital. 47. My taxes_ pay, the amount _leave in the bank is hardly worth _mention. 48. The gang of thieves were caught _ steal from the shop. 49. I went to the airport, _attempt to see her off, only _t
34、ell that her flight had already taken off. 50. More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced_raise people s concern over food safety. II. 单项挑选 1.【 2022 全国】 The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 2.【 2022 全国卷 II 】The isla
35、nd, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 3.【 2022 全国卷 II 】Sarah pretended to be cheerful, _nothing about the argument. A. says B. said C. to say D. saying 4.【 2022 北京卷】 It s important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updated B. to hav
36、e been updated C. to update D. to have updated 5.【 2022 北京卷】 Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, _ on you feet. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. to keep B. keeping 学习必备欢迎下载D. to have kept C. having kept 6.【2022 天津卷】 Passengers are permitted _ only one p
37、iece of hand luggage onto the plane. A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried 7.【 2022 天津卷】 _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 8.【 2022 上海春招】 Mike found his missing car in
38、 the street outside his house, _ newly cleaned and polished. A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking 9.【2022 上海春招】 _ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 10.【2022 上海春招】 Harrison Ford is thought
39、to be one of the few movie stars _ as a carpenter before. A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working 11.【2022 山东卷】 Look over there there up to the house. A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead a very long, winding path _ 12.【2022 江苏卷】 Recently a survey _ prices of the same
40、goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens. A compared B comparing Ccompares Dbeing compared 13.【2022 福建卷】 Tsinghua University, _ of outstanding figures. in 1911, is home to a great number A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded 14.【 2022 福建卷】The difference
41、in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _ . A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 15.【2022 安徽卷】 Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _into small pieces. A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break 16.【2022 浙江卷】 Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years. A. having B. had C. have D. to have 17.【2022 浙江卷】 Even the best writers sometimes find themselves_ for words. A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 18.【2022 浙江卷】