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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载八年级（下）新目标英语重点短语及句型总汇Unit 1 Will people have robots. 1. fewer people 更少的人 （fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定）2. less free time 更少的闲暇时间 （less修饰不行数名词,表示否定）3. in ten years 10 年后（in 的时间短语用于将来时,提问用 How soon）4. fall in love with sbsth爱上某人 某物 5. live alone 单独居住 6. feel lonely 感到孤独 The girl
2、walked alone along the street, but she didn 沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独7. keep/feed a pet pig养一头宠物猪 8. fly to the moon 飞上月球feel lonely；那女孩独自9. hundreds of +复数名词 数百/几百 （概数,类似仍有 thousands of; millions of）10. the same as 和 相同 11. A is different from B A 与 B 不同 =There is a difference /There are differences between A
3、 and B 12.wake up醒来（ wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人 ”13. get bored 变得厌倦（get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如 tired/angry/excited 等）14. go skating去滑冰 （类似仍有 go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等）15. lots of/a lot of 很多 （后接可数名词或不行数名词）16. at the weekends /on weekends在周末名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -
4、学习必备 欢迎下载17. study on computers通过电脑学习 18. agree with sb. 同意某人 的看法 19. I dont agree. = I disagree. 我不同意20. on a piece of paper在一张纸上（留意 paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等是常考到的不行数名词）21. on vacation 度假 22. help sb with sth/ help sb do sth 帮忙某人做某事 23. many different kinds of pets 很多不同种宠物24.
5、live in an apartment住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在 12 楼25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路 332 号 26. as a reporter作为一名记者 27. look smart 显得精神 /看起来聪慧 28. Are you kidding. 你在骗我吗 ？29. in the future 在将来 /在将来30. be able to do sth. 能/会做某事will be able to do sth. 将能 /会做某事31. l （be able to用于各种时态, 而 c
6、an只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中；have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态）例如：1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. （不行以用 can）2. will have to/ had to stay at home. （不行以用 must）本单元目标句型：1. What do you think life will be like in 100 years. 2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in t
7、he future. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载fewer 修饰可数名词复数；也可以修饰不行数名词；less修饰不行数名词； more既可以修饰可数名词复数3. Will kids go to school. No, they won hey will t/Yes, t本单元语法讲解一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；本时态标志词：1.含 tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间； 3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.by the time sb.do 6.祈使句
8、句型中：or/and sb. will do 7.在时间 /条件状语从句中 , 假如从句用一般现在时 , 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较 be going to 与 will: be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情, will 表示的将来时间就较远一些；如： He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示依据 主观判定 将来确定发生的事情,will 表示客观上 将来势必发生的事情；He is seriously ill. He is go
9、ing to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“ 方案,预备 ” 的意思,而 will 就没有这个意思,如：She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用 will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you. 把握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分 be going to与 will 了；一
10、般将来常常见的标志词1.含 tomorrow; next短语；2.in+段时间；3.how soon；4.by+将来时间；5.祈使句句型中： or/and sb. will do 例 Be quick, or you will be late=If you don you will be late6.在时间 /条件状语从句中 , 假如从句用一般现在时 , 主句用将来时（另见 Unit 5）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载Unit 2 What should I do. 1. too loud 太
11、大声 2. out of style 过时的 3. in style 流行的 4. call sb up=ring sb.up=call/ring/phone sb. 给 .打电话 5. enough money 足够的钱 enough修饰名词时不必后置 6. busy enough 够忙 enough修饰形容词或副词时必需后置 7. a ticket to/for a ball game 一张球赛的门票 留意：the key to the lock/the keyanswerr to the question/the solution to the problem .此处几个短语不能用 of
12、 表示全部格 8. talk about 谈论 9. on the phone 用电话 10. pay for 付款 在 花钱 11. spend on +sth.=spend. in doing sth. 12.It takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花 的时间 13. borrow from从 .借 借进来 14. lend to把 借给（借出去）15. You can keep the book for a week你可以借这本书一周；（不用 borrow或 lend）16. buy sth for sb为 买东西 17. tell sb to do
13、/not to do sth.sth告知某人做某事 18. want sb. to do sth.=would like sb. to do 想某人做某事 19. find out 发觉；查清晰；弄明白名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 20. play one s stereo 放录象学习必备欢迎下载21. fail the test=not pass the test考试不及格 22. fail in doing sth 在.上失败 ,变弱 23. succeed in doing sth 在.方面胜利 24.
14、write sb a letter/write to sb.给某人写信 25. surprise sb.使某人惊讶 （类似有：surprise/interest/please/amaze+ 某人）s surprise 使某人惊讶的是 . 26. to one 27. to one s joy 使某人兴奋的是 .28. look for a part-time job 找一份兼职的工作 （不肯定有结果）29. get/find a part-time job 找到一份兼职的工作 （有结果）寻求 /向某人要某物 30. ask sb. for 31. have a bake sale 卖烧烤 32
15、. argue with sb = have an argument with sb. 与某人争执 33. have a fight with sb.=fight with 与某人打架 34. drop off 离去；散去；逐步削减 ;死去35. prepare for =get ready for为 做预备36. after-school clubs课外俱乐部 be/get used to doing习惯做某事 used to do 过去常常 /常常做某事 be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用于做某事 37. fill up填补；装满 38. ret
16、urn sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb. 把某物归仍给某人39. get on /along well wit与 相处很好名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载40. all kinds of各种各样 41. as much as possible=as much as possible 尽可能多 42. take part in=join in 参与 （某种活动/集会）43. a bit =a little 一点儿 （当修饰形容词或比较级时）44. a bit of
17、 =a little 一点儿 /一些（当修饰不行数名词时）45. be angry with生 的气 46. by oneself+on one s own 某人自己 /独自地 47. on the one hand一方面 48. on the other hand另一方面 49. I find/feel/think it difficult to do.我发觉 /感到/认为做某事很难 . 50. see/hear/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/听见/凝视某人正在做 51. not until 动词）直到 才（谓语动词一般是非连续52. 表示某人心情有关的形容词用法 : be
18、/become+ upset/tired/excited/interested/worried/surprised/amazed/annoyed说明：当主语是 某人时,留意后面的形容词一般是-ed 结尾的单词,而当主语是某物时或修饰名词时,留意后面形容词一般是-ing 结尾单词 .）例如 :I was surprised/interested/amazed when I heard the surprising/interesting/amazing news. 本单元目标句型：Whats wrongwith you./What s the matter.1. What should I do
19、. 我该怎么办 2. You could write him a letter.你可以给他写封信 . 3. You should say sorry to him.你应当给他赔礼 . 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载4. They shouldn t argue. 他们不应当争执 . 5. Why dont you talk to him about it.=Why not talk to him about it. =You should/could talk to him about it.
20、 =What/How about talking to him about it. =Youd better talk to him about it.Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived. 1. in front of 在 的前面（外部）2. in the front of 在 的前面（内部）3. in the library 在图书馆 4. get out of/get into 出 之外 /进入 5. sleep late 睡懒觉 6. sleep well 睡得好 7. get to sleep睡着 8. walk down/a
21、long沿 走 9. take off 飞机 起飞；脱下（衣帽）10. on Sunday evening在星期日晚上 留意:（特指某日如星期、假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、下午、晚上用 on）11. in the tree 在树上 12. take photos照相 13. at the train station 在火车站 14. run away 跑开,逃跑 + 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载15. as+adj 原形 as 和 一样例如： She is not as beautiful
22、 as her sister. I can run as fast as hehim 16. buy/draw/make sth. for sb. 为某人买 /画/制作 17. walk home 走回家 18. in history 在历史上 19. for example 例如 20. in the city of 在 市 21. on the playground在操场上 22. ten minutes ago 特别钟前 23. take place 发生（强调必定性）24. happen to sth./sb.发生（强调偶然性）例如： What happened to you. =Wh
23、ats the matter with you.s wrong with you. =What25. of course=sure=certainly当然 26. all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界 27. outside/inside the station在车站外 /内 28. next to 相邻,紧贴 29. close to 接近于；在邻近 30. be ill in hospital/bed生病住院 /在床 31. hear about/of听说（间接听到）32. in silence缄默不语名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第
24、 8 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载本单元目标句型 : What were you doing when I arrived/at that time/at 8:00 last night/from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. 1. I was doing sth. When+一般过去时的时间状语从句 .2. How about. / What about. 3. While sth./sb. was doing sth., I was doing sth. 4. 当不明飞行物着陆时,你正在干啥？landed. Wha
25、t were you doing when the UFO 5. 当妈妈正在做饭时, 我在看电视； While my mother was cooking ,I was watching TV. 本单元语法讲解 过去进行时（ Past Progressive Tense）句型 S + was/were +V-ing例 A：She was doing her homework at 8:30 yesterday evening. （昨天傍晚八点半她正在做家庭作业；）例 B：We were having supper at that time. （那个时候我们正在吃晚饭；）解说 如例 1 所示,在
26、单句中使用过去进行时来表达时必需把该动作正在进行中 的时间说明清晰, 否就就不合规律了； 例如：I was taking a bath yesterday. （错）（昨天我正在洗澡 昨天 24 小时都正在洗澡吗？）所以本句应当如例 1 来表达,或者用一般过去时表达如下：I took a bath yesterday.（昨天我洗了澡；）名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备欢迎下载“ 动作正在进行中的时间”,假如由上下文的文意,或者对谈中的话意可以明白单句里就使用过去进行时来表达是很一般的,例如：A：I call
27、ed you up yesterday evening. B：Did you. At what time. A：At around ten oclock. （大约在十点钟；）B：Oh, I was taking a bath then.（哦,当时我正在洗澡；）过去进行时在表达上常用的句式是如例 配；请观看下面的图解说明：2 所示和另一个一般过去时的动作相搭过去有二动作 A 和 B（如图示）,在 B 动作发生时稍早发生的 A 动作正好在进行中,所以这种表达法通常都是复句（主句+副词从句）；例如：When I got up this morning, Mother was preparing br
28、eakfast in the kitchen. （今日早上我起床时妈妈正在厨房里预备早餐；“ when,” 是副词从句；）“ Mother；” 是主句,常用于修饰过去进行时的时间副词：过去的某肯定点时刻（at + 过去的时刻）,then （= at that time）（那时,当时）, all + 时间, “ When /While /As ”等副词从句, etc. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working 1. every Saturday每周六 2. first of all 第一 3. both and 两者都 （谓语动词要留意对称原就）4. neither .
29、nor两者都不 （谓语动词要留意就近和对称原就）5. most of 绝大多数 6. an exciting week 令人兴奋的一周名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载7. agree on something 同意某人的方案；对 .取得一样看法 8. agree to do sth.答应 /同意做 9. pass on传递 10. be supposed to do sth. 被期望或被要求做 . . 11. be mad at 对 疯狂 /愤怒 12. do better in=be bet
30、ter at在.方面做得更好 13. be in good health身体健康 14. report card 成果单 15. sound /feel /smell /taste /look 是连系动词,一般只能跟 adj.做表语 16. sound like/feel like/smell like/taste like/look like 听起来像 /感觉像 /闻起来像 /尝起来像 /看起来像 +sb./sth.17. get over克服；复原；原谅 18. open up打开/绽开/开发/揭露 19. care for 照管；照管；意愿；计较 20. have a party for
31、 sb.为某人举办一次聚会 21. end-of-year exam=final exam期末考试 本单元目标句型： 间接引语句型 转述他人话语 :What did sb. say. He said I 1. 许老师告知我徐梦蝶会说二种语言；speak three languages. She said she They said Mr. Xu told me that XuMengdie could 2. 许老师说地球围着太阳转； Mr. Xu said thatthe earth turns around the sun. 3. 许老师告知我他将去北京；4. 许老师说欧洋正在做作业 tha
32、t time. He told me he would go to Beijing the next day. Mr. Xu said OuYang was doing his homework at 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载5. 许老师说王硕研勤奋； Mr. Xu said Wang Shuoyan was hard-working. 6. 在英语上,与听相比,我更善于于读；In English, Im better at reading than listening. 7. 情形怎
33、样？Hows it going.8. 她不想再当我最好的伴侣了；She didn t want to be my best friend anymore.本单元语法讲解 直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间 接引语；间接引语一般构成宾语从句；直接引语必需放在引号内,间接引语就 不用引号；直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,仍必需 对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行转变；1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词 said,asked等的 影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原先的时态向过去推,也就
34、是一般现在时变一 般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等；例如：Tom said to me, “ My brother is doing his homework.” Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；依据意义进行相应 的变化；如：She asked Jack, “ Where have you been.”She asked Jack where he had been. He said, “ These books are mine. ”名师归纳总结 - -
35、 - - - - -第 12 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是由于原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同；1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,由 that引导,可以省略；“ I want the blue one. he told us. “ 我想要兰色的； ” 他说；He told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的；She said to me,
36、“ You cant do anything now. ”她对我说： “此刻你无法做任何事情； ”She told me that I couldnt do anything then. 她对我说那时我无法做任何事；2. 疑问句的间接引语 直接引语假如是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句；间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号,动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同；引述动词常用 ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种：1一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由whether 或 if 引导；如：“ Has he ever worked in Shanghai. ” J
37、im asked. “他在上海工作过吗？ ” 吉姆问；Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过；“ Can you tell me the way to the hospital. 那个老人问： “ 你能告知我去医院的路吗？” The old man asked. The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
38、 - 学习必备 欢迎下载那老人问我是否能告知他去医院路；2.特别疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原先的疑问词引导；如：“ Which room do you live in.” He asked. “你住哪个房间？ ” 他问我；He asked me which room I lived in.他问我住哪个房间；“ What do you think of the film.” She asked. 她问“ 你怎么看这部电影？ ” She asked her friend what she thought of the film .她问她伴侣怎么看这部电影；3.挑选疑问句由直接引语变为间接
39、引语时,由whether/if or 引导；如：“ Is it yourbike or Tom 的？ ” s. Mum asked. 妈妈问： “ 这是你的自行车仍是汤姆Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom 妈妈问这是我的自行车仍是汤姆的；“ Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones.” Kate asked.“ 你妹妹喜爱兰色的裙子仍是绿色的？” 凯特问；Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses o r green ones.凯特
40、问我妹妹喜爱兰色裙子仍是绿色的；3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell,ask,order,beg,request,order 等,而把直接祈使句变成带 to 的不定式短语；如：Jack said, “ Please come to my house tomorrow, Mary. ”杰克说： “玛丽,明天请到我家来； ” Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -
41、- 学习必备 欢迎下载The teacher said to the students, 话了； ” Stop talking. 老师对同学们说： “ 不要讲The teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让同学们不要说话了；“ Dont touch anything.” He said. 不要碰任何东西； ” 他说；He told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西；4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 1. 某些代词,限定词,表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规章：直接引语 间接引语today t
42、hat day now then, at that momentyesterday the day beforethe day before yesterday two days beforetomorrow the next day / the following daythe day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etclast week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here therethis thatthese thosecome gobring take2. 假如引述动词为现在时形式,就间接引语中的动词时态,代词,限定词和名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 39 页精选学习资料 -