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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 老师资格考试中学训练学问与才能章节考点5.4 （Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 5.4）Teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 5.4 Fourth section of middle school students personality de
2、velopment I. personality overview 1 the concept of personality Personality is the organic integration of ones intellect, emotion, desire, values and habits of behavior, it gives people adapt to the unique environment of the organization mode, complex knowledge, emotion, consciousness and behavior is
3、 the result of the interaction of heredity and environment, contains a past influence as well as of now and in the future the construction. two the basic character of personality; the integrity of 1. personality A real person has many psychological factors and characteristics, such as intelligence,
4、emotion, desire, values and habits, but they are not isolated, but closely linked and integrated into an organic organization. A real mans behavior is not only a specific part of the operation of the results, and always close contact with other parts of coordinated 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 15 页精选
5、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - activities. 2., the stability of personality The stability performance of personality into two aspects: one is the personality of the cross time continuity. In the different stages of life, personality continuity as the first manifestation of persistent self. The two is the cr
6、oss situational consistency of personality. The personality refers to stable psychological and behavioral characteristics of a person often expressed and the temporary, occasionally behavior does not belong to personality characteristics. For example, an outgoing students are not only good at commun
7、ication in school, love friends, love in the school of communication, love the party, although he occasionally keeps a certain distance with others, show a quiet mood. 3., the uniqueness of personality Unique personality refers to the psychological and behavior between people are different. The dive
8、rsity of combination of personality structure, each persons personality has its own characteristics. In daily life, we can observe whenever and wherever possible to each persons actions are different from others, each person all have their needs, hobbies, cognition, emotion, volition and values. 4.,
9、 the social nature of personality Social personality refers to such social animal become members of society. Personality is the unique social person. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Personality is formed in the genetic and biological basis of individual, restricted by the in
10、dividual biological characteristics. In this sense it can be said that personality is a comprehensive individual nature and social the people who meet the need of food. For example, the content and the way is affected by the specific social and historical conditions. Therefore, can be summed up: per
11、sonality is a complex of characteristics of individual stable, showing a unique pattern of individual thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This unique mode is the result of individual socialization, but also affect the interaction of the individual and the environment. three temperament and personality
12、 Personality is a concept of meaning is very rich, which includes the psychological characteristics of temperament and character stability. Personality temperament is individual early in life to show the stability of individual differences, namely those of psychology and behavior by genetic and phys
13、iological characteristics of the decision. The concept and we usually say temperament, temper approximation. Pavlov according to the intensity of nervous process, balance and flexibility, the higher nervous activity type of animal and human beings into four kinds: excited, lively, quiet and restrain
14、ed, and the corresponding is choleric and balgam, and depression. Types and characteristics of higher nervous activity 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Temperament and personality are different. The main difference is: 1 temperament is determined by biological factors, can no
15、t be changed, and the essence of personality is formed by individual life experience, because experience and new change; 2 in the early stage have temperament appear, and personality appeared relatively late; 3 to observe the temperament in the animal body, and there is no animal personality; 4 temp
16、erament is revealed from the persons mood, speech and deportment in specific content, does not involve the behavior, and personality characteristics and behavior of the content may be the relevant such as academic trait anxiety; 5 the behavior of higher cognitive process control and personality rela
17、ted, It has nothing to do with temperament four character and personality Personal reality stable attitudes and habits of behavior is the character. In the external environment especially under the influence of the social environment, the unique behavior patterns formed by the individual life practi
18、ce, cognition, emotion and volition, is the persons character. Personality is the mode of existence of a person, is the product of individual genetic quality and environment interaction. Personality temperament is innate, is a natural expression of physical and genetic, it is difficult to change, no
19、 good or bad; the personality of the character is acquired, is the social and cultural patterns of engraving, is likely to change, there is good or bad. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - From the influence of personality temperament. First of all, the formation of temperament
20、will affect the individual character. Because the character directly depends on the nature and methods in education and social interaction. A variable temperament is the formation of personality in the early stages of individual development will emerge, which will affect the behavior of different pa
21、rents or other people. The interaction of individual and social environment of different nature. Secondly, according to their own temperament can render dynamic character, so that the character has a unique color. For example, the same character is helpful and sanguine in helping people often agilit
22、y, emotion is apparent on the outside, the mucus quality may act calm, do not show emotion on the outside. Once again, temperament will also affect the character formation or transformation speed. For example, to the formation of self-control, choleric people often need A great deal of effort and re
23、straint is required, while a depressed person is more likely to develop without having to control himself From the point of view of the character of temperament, personality can also hide or change the temperament to a certain extent, so it is subject to the practice of life. For example, the Scouts
24、 must have a calm and brave personality. In strict military training practice, these forms may conceal or transform the choleric the character of impulsive and unrestrained temperament. Two, factors affecting personality development The formation and development of personality can not be 名师归纳总结 - -
25、- - - - -第 5 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - separated from the relationship between innate heredity and acquired environment. Psychologists believe that personality is formed and developed gradually under the interaction of heredity and environment I biological genetic factors Because personality
26、has strong stability characteristics, personality researchers pay more attention to the role of genetic factors. According to the existing research results, the role of heredity on personality is summarized as follows 1. heredity is an essential factor in personality The extent of the 2. genetic fac
27、tors on personality with personality traits are different. Usually in intelligence, temperament and biological factors of these traits, the more important the role of genetic factors; and the relationship between values and beliefs, personality and social factors closely traits, environmental effect
28、s may be more important. 3. the development of personality is genetic and environmental factors of two people. The result of the interaction of both biological properties, and has the social attribute. People in the embryonic state, the influence of environmental factors on the start, this effect wi
29、ll continue in ones life. The factor of environment is diverse, small family factors to social and cultural factors. Have an important effect on the formation and development of personality of these factors. two social and cultural factors 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - Eve
30、ryone in the specific social and cultural environment, the cultural influence on personality is extremely important. Social culture personality of the members of the society, the personality structure of its members towards the direction of the development of this similarity, the similarity with the
31、 function of maintaining social stability, and that every person can be firmly embedded in the whole cultural form. three family environment factors Study on the causes of family personality, focusing on family differences including family structure, economic conditions, living environment, family a
32、tmosphere etc. and different parenting styles of personality development and personality differences. The study found that authoritative parenting parents behave in their childrens education is too dominant, All the children by their parents to control growth. In this environment, children are easy
33、to form the negative and passive, dependent, obedience, weakness, lack of character initiative, sometimes forming personality dishonest. Indulgent parenting styles of parents of children over indulgence, let the children The want parents to. Children sometimes appear out of control. growth in the ho
34、me environment in which children were willful, childish, selfish, rude and barbaric, poor independence, outrageous nonsense. Parents and children democratic parenting styles in the family in an equal and harmonious atmosphere, parents respect the child, give the child the autonomy and positive guida
35、nce. This kind of parenting style can make children form positive personality traits, such as lively, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - happy, straightforward, self-reliance, refined and courteous It is true that the family is indeed a factory of human character, and it shapes
36、 peoples different personality traits four early childhood experience; The saying goes: three years, seven years old. the impact of early life events on personality, has been emphasized by personality psychologists. It needs to be emphasized that the development of personality in spite of childhood
37、experience, happy childhood is conducive to the healthy development of individual personality, unhappy childhood may the individual will form a bad personality, but the two are not the one-to-one relationship. For example, doting may also make children form a bad personality, adversity may also brin
38、g out the child strong character. In addition, early experience no effect on personality, and other factors together determine the formation and development of personality. five natural physical factors These physical factors of ecological environment, climate, space congestion will affect the forma
39、tion and development of personality. For example, the temperature will increase the frequency of certain personality characteristics, such as hot weather makes people restless. But the natural environment on personality does not play a decisive role. In different physical environment, people can the
40、 behavior of different characteristics. Three, personality theory 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 Freuds theory of personality development Freuds psychoanalysis. His personality system is huge, cover and contain everything that is unconscious instinct theory driven, juveni
41、le life experience determines the individual future destiny. The subconscious instinctual drives as the central concept and set up the theory, also known as the spiritual motivation theory. Freud regards personality as a dynamic system made up of three mental structures, namely, ID, ego and superego
42、. Most of human behavior is the result of the interaction of ID, ego and superego The ID is the only personality structure inherent, composed of biological instinct and desire. I follow the principle of happiness act, without regard to any physical or social constraints, and demands to be satisfied
43、immediately. When the baby saw what he wants, whether it is not something others or potentially harmful. Hell get it. I fling caution to the winds to the impulse is subconscious, we are not perceived. In the first two years of interaction with the outside world, the second part of the personality st
44、ructure of the self - developed gradually. Self follow the principle of reality. That is to say, the task is to measure the self reality under the condition of satisfying the ID impulses. The ID impulses are not usually allowed by society, so selfs job is to these impulses remain in the subconscious
45、. Self is different from the ID, free to operate on the perceived awareness, conscious and 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 15 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - subconscious mind. When the children grow up to 5 years or so, the third part of the personality structure of the superego - began to form. Superego rep
46、resents the needs of the society, especially from parents values and standards. The superego part called conscience, is a personal moral standards. When the individual acts in violation of the standards, will be affected by the conscience the blame and guilt. Another part of the superego is called the ego ideal, is a personal behavior by parents who praise or reward in childhood. The ego ideal is a source of personal goals and aspirations, When this standard is achieved, it takes pride in it. The three part of the