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1、3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题20 阅读理解【考点定位】 考纲解读和近几年考点分布时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。这类材料往往语言地道，内容时新。 一、材料特点 阅读材料的组成有一个共同的特点，即都是由标题(Headline)、导语(Introduction)、背景(Background)、主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五局部构成。此类文章主题突出，文章的第一句话或第一自然段往往就是对整篇文章的高度概括，因此读懂首句或首段至关重要。下面分别表达这五个局部在阅读理解中的作用。广告类阅读题的五大特点 1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都
2、希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。 2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、效劳介绍、招生招聘等。 3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或效劳等)买单。为了到达这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 【考点pk】 名师考点透析考点一、细节事实理解。一
3、篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序时间、空间、情感变化等排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，表达文章的主旨大意。1.直接事实题 在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。 如：A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.This huge dam is in
4、 the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a h
5、ighway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936.Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated betwe
6、en the states of Arizona and Nevada.Q：Hoover Dam lies_ .A.between Arizona and NevadaB.in the Black CanyonC.between New York and San FranciscoD.both A and B【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。2.间接事实题 解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。 “Its really a hard job for me.I wont enter for such competi
7、tion any more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，Id love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.Q：Which of the following is NOT true?A.Luo Lin is a native of Sh
8、anghai.B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D.Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文所给的是：taken to Hongkong可判断不是moved to Hongkong with her parents，因此选B。 3、数据推算。If you register both the VIEW qualification course
9、 and the Forum at the same time,you will save_ .A.$100B.$300C.$350D.$400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计算和推断。在做此类题时：1.要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义。2.弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息，那些属于干扰信息。3.不要孤立看待数字信息，而要抓住一些关键用语的意义。考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容1.短文的标题title,headline；2.短文或段落的主题subject；3.中心思想(main idea)；4.作者的写作目的(purpose
10、)。二、此类题的设问方式1.What would be the best title for the text?2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?3.What is the passage mainly about?4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is_.考点三、推理推断。推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题
11、。此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.The writer implie
12、s that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined to think that_.14.
13、When the writer talks about,what he really means is that_.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.近年来，高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。判断推理题要求在理解原文外表文字信息的根底上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据外表文字信息做多步推理。做题时要注意题干的语言形
14、，如According to the passage.,It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can be concluded from the passage that.等，虽然从外表上看是问有关全文的题，但实际上不用看全篇，仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话，然后得出答案。针对推理题的不同形，可以采取以下做法：1.假设题干中有具体线索，根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话)，然后做出推理；2.假设题干中无线索，如It can be inferred from the passage that.；It can
15、be concluded from the passage that.等，先浏览一下4个选项，排除不太可能的选项，然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句，作出推理；3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨，那么推理题，如infer,conclude题型，可能与文章主旨有关，考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处)；假设其他题已经涉及文章主旨，那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关，如果如此，应该找段落主题所在处；如果不与段落主题有关，有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关，这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文表达。考点四、词义、句义猜想。词义猜想阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理
16、解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。此类题的设问方式主要有1.The word “.in Line.means/can be replaced by.2.As used in the passage,the phrase “.suggests.3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “. is/referred to.4.The word “. is closest in meaning to.猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌
17、握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、比照、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。2.同位法。如:They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.同位语局部a large building in old times 给出了 castle 确实切词义，即“城堡。We are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明night shift 是“夜班的意思。3
18、.比照法。如:She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时的结论。4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,
19、据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性。5.因果法。如：The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果“永远不能再运动中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久。【三年高考】【三年高考】 10、11 、12、13高考试题及其解析高考阅读应用文类1.()A Tht Healthy Habits Survey调查shows that on
20、ly about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-ope
21、rated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding：Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day-half of the number doctors recommend.Step：We touch our faces a
22、round 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs病菌to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.3. How often do you thind about fighting germs?Finding：Seniors are not fighti
23、ng germs as well as they should.Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge海绵that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.56. What is found out American seniors?A. Most of then have good habi
24、ts.B. Nearly 30%of then bathe three days a week .C. All of then are fighting germs better than expected .D. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day57. Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands .A. twice a day B. three times a day C. four times a day D. eight times a day 5
25、8.Which of the following is true according to the text ?A. We should keep from touching our faces .B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth .CA kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet .D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle .59. The text probably comes f
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29、ooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP, the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.The EP comes with a 3-year warranty(保修) and a 60-day. no questions asked. Satisfaction guarantee. If
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31、 discounted price.Take action right now!56. What is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?A. the heat of the EPB. the safety of the EPC. the appearance of the EPD. the material of the EP57. From the passage, we can learn that the EP .A. doesnt burn up oxygenB. runs without any noiseC. makes people get sle
32、epyD. is unsuitable for children and pets58. The underlined word “evenly in paragraph 4 probably means . A. continuouslyB. separatelyC. quicklyD. equally59. The main purpose of the passage is to . A. persuade people to buy the productB. advise people to save on heating billsC. report the new develop
33、ment of portable heatersD. compare the difference of different heart brands56【答案】：B【解析】：为第二段主旨题。通过第二段第二句话可知所讨论话题为平安问题，应选B。57【答案】：A【解析】：此题为细节题。考生需要定位选项当中的关键词，再与文中原句进行比拟。A选项可通过Oxygen一词直接定位到文中第三段首句，即为正确答案。B选项为无中生有的选项，全文无对应。C定位sleepy 一词，在第三段第二句话，D定位children and pet 在第二段第二句话，均与文章意思相悖，应选A。58【答案】：D【解析】：此题为
34、词汇题。画线句为此段首句，后面的句子均在解释加热器的特点，由后文中的“wall to wall和“floor to ceiling，以及直接介绍其他加热器的区别的信息，可知evenly 译为均匀的，应选D。59【答案】：A【解析】：此题为主旨题。文章最后一句给出了明确的指示。3.(大纲) Low-Cost Gifts for Mothers DayGift No. IOffer to be your mothers health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctors visitswhether a disease or a re
35、gular medical check-up. Most mothers always say no need, another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctors visit. The best part ? This one is free.Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one
36、 place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mothers life, Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable
37、pillows to encourage better sleep, Savard said. We know that good sleep is very important to our health.Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mothers Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity (慈善机构) Gift give
38、rs can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive things -many of which are green - and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity.68. What are you advised to do for your mother at doctors visits?A.
39、Take notes. B. Be with her.C. Buy medicine. D. Give her gifts.69. What can be a gift of organization for your mother?A. Keeping her medical information together.B. Buying all gifts for her from one company.C. Making a list of her medical check-ups.D. Storing her medicines in a safe place. 70. Where
40、can you find a gift idea to improve your mothers sleep?A. In Gift No. 1. B. In Gift No. 2.C. In Gift No. 3. D. In Gift No. 4.71. Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers toA. enjoy good sleep B. be well-organizedC. bet extra support D. give others help68.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一行Offer to be
41、your mothers health friend Promise to be there for any and all doctors visits可知，当妈妈去看医生的时候，要陪伴在她身边，应选B。69.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二那么广告中的Help your mother organize all of her medical records, which include the test results and medical information可知，帮助母亲管理好医疗诊断记录，列一张药及喝药时间的清单。应选A。70.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三那么广告中
42、Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep可知答案为C。71.【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据Presents for Purpose定位到Gift No. 4，根据最后一句When your mother gets the gift, she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity可知，在Presents for Purpose等公司买礼物，能够做慈善事业帮助他人。应选D。4.This is What a REA
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