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1、主谓一致-高中英语语法精讲精练主谓一致知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，那么要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的那么要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1The book is on the table.2He is reading English.3To work hard is necessary.It is necessary to work hard.4How you get there is a
2、problem.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：1There is a dog near the door.2There were no schools in this area before liberation.3Here comes the bus.4On the wall were two famous paintings.5Here is Mr Brown and his children.4、and连接两个或两个以上的
3、并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1Jane, Mary and I are good friends.2He and my father work in the same factory.3His sister, no less than you, is wrong.4The father, rather tha
4、n the brothers, is responsible for the accident.5He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.6Every picture except these two has been sold.7Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.8Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.9Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at
5、that time.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们。2Bread and butter is their daily food.面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们。两个人6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many
6、a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2No teacher and no student is absent today.3Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1Each takes a cup of tea.2Either is correct.3Ne
7、ither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1Is everyone here?2Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1Those who want to go please sign their names here.2Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3He is one
8、of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1Three years is not a long time.2Ten dollars is what he needs.3Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等，动词用单数形式。如：1The United States is in North America.2The United Na
9、tions has passed a resolution(决议)。3“The Arabian Nights天方夜谭is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience听众，观众，government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词那么用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2My family are fond of music.我家人都喜欢音乐。3The class has
10、won the honour.这班获得了荣誉。4The class were jumping for joy.全班同学都快乐得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词或分
11、词作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词那么用单数形式。如：1The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活泼的。2The wounded are being taken good care of here now.现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1Either you or I am going to the movies.2Not only you but al
12、so he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1Water is a kind of matter.2The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1The police are searching for him.2The cattle are grassing (吃草)。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1The population of China is larger th
13、an that of Japan.2One third of the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politic
14、s, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。【专项训练】1、Nothing but cars in the shop.Ais sold Bare sold Cwere sold Dare going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer.Aknow Bknows Cis knowing Dare known3、Seventy percent of the students in our school from the countryside.Ais Bare Ccomes Dare coming4、 of th
15、e money used up.AThree-five, are BThree-fifths, have beenCThree-fifths, has been DThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people who cars increasing.Aowns, are Bowns, is Cown, is Down, are6、One of Marxs works written in English in the 1860s.Awas Bwere Cwould be Dare7、The sheets for your bed washing.Anee
16、ds Bare needing Cwant Dare wanting8、On each side of the street a lot of trees.Astands Bgrow Cis standing Dare grown9、Some person calling for you at the gate.Aare Bis Cis being Dwill be10、All that can be eaten eaten up.Aare being Bhas been Chad been Dhave been11、Toms teacher and friend Mr. Smith.Aare
17、 Bis Care being Dhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine me.Adoesnt fit Bdont fit Cdoesnt fit for Ddont fit for13、Neither he nor I for the plan.Aam Bare Cis Dwere14、Many a student that mistake before.Ahas made Bhave made Chas been made Dhad made15、Peter, perhaps John, playing with the little dog.Ai
18、s Bare Cwere Dseems16、Laying eggs the ant queens full-time job.Ais Bare Chas Dhave17、Between the two buildings a monument.Astand Bstands Cstanding Dis standing18、I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.Aam Bis Care Dwas19、The United Nations in 1945.Awere found Bwere founded Cwas fou
19、nded Dwas found20、 were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths21、The glass works in 1959.Awere set up Bwas set up Cwere put up Dwere built22、Three hours with your girl friend to be a short time.Aseem Bseems Cis seeming Dhas seemed23、It was reported that six including a bo
20、y.Awas killed Bwere killed Cwas killing Dhad killed24、The police a prisoner.Ais searching for Bare searching forCis searching Dare searched for25、Deer faster than dogs.Arun Bruns Care running Dwill run26、The wounded good care of here now.Ais taken Bare being taken Care taking Dis taking27、The whole
21、class greatly moved at his words.Awas Bwere Chad Dis28、Over 80 percent of the population of China peasants.Awas Bis Care Dwill be29、There a knife and fork on the table.Aseems to be Bseem to be Cis seeming to be Dare30、Those who singing may join us.Aare liking Blikes Cenjoy Dis fond of31、His family m
22、usic lovers.Aall are Bare all Cis Dare being32、A professor and a writer present at the meeting.Awas Bis Cwere Dhad been33、The pair of shoes worn out.Awas Bwere Chave been Dhad been34、The students in our school each an English dictionary.Ahave Bhas Chad Dare having35、More than one answer to the quest
23、ion.Ahave been given Bhas been given Cwere given Dhad given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who from the countryside in our school. Aare Bis Cwere Dwas37、Our family a happy one.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere38、Most of the mistakes because of carelessness.Awere made Bare made Cha
24、s been made Dwere making39、Most of his time in reading novels.Aare spent Bis spent Cwere spent Dwas spending40、The rest of the novel very interesting.Awere Bare Cis Dseem41、I know that all getting on well with her.Awas Bis Care Dwere42、When and where this took place still unknown.Aare Bwere Cis Dhas
25、43、Not only the workers but also the machine not there.Aare Bwere Cis Dhas44、Very few his address in the town.Aknows Bknow Care knowing Dhas known45、Ten thousand dollars a large sum of money.Aare Bis Cwere Dseem46、Twenty miles a long way to cover.Awere Bare Cis Dseem to be47、Nine plus three twelve.A
26、makes Bmake Cis making Dare making48、There are two roads and either to the station.Aleads Blead Care leading Dis leading49、My father, together with some of his old friends, there already.Ahave been Bhas been Chad been Dwill be50、My family as well as I glad to see you.Aam Bare Cis Dwas【答案】：1、A 因有连词bu
27、t，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解4。2、B 同上 3、B 见讲解2。 4、C 见讲解16。5、C 定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。6、A 见讲解1。 7、C 见讲解2。 8、B 倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。9、B some person指“某人是第三人称单数。见讲解13。10、B 主语“all指的是“food，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。11、B Toms teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。 见讲解5。12、B 根据前一分句的意思，第二
28、分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes，因 此主语是复数。13、A neithernor连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。14、A 见讲解6。 15、A 见讲解4。 16、A 见讲解1，动名词作主语。 17、B 倒装，见讲解3。 18、A 见讲解9。 19、C 见讲解11。20、C 因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。21、B works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。 22、B 见讲解10。23、B six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。 24、B 见讲解17。25、A deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面
29、的deer应是复数单 数前应有a。 26、B 见讲解14。 27、B 见讲解12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。 28、C 见讲解18。 29、A 见讲解5。刀、*是一副而论，所以看作单数。 30、C 见讲解9。 31、B 见讲解12。 32、C 见讲解4，注意与第11题比拟。33、A 因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。34、A 因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词那么用 第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.
30、35、B 此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。36、B 根据句意，这个男孩是中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句 的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B 是唯一正确答案。37、A 见讲解12。 38、A 见讲解2。39、B 见讲解16。40、C 这部小说的剩余局部，还没超出“一，用单数。41、C 见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人，所以是复数。42、C 见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。43、C 见讲解15。 44、B few在此代人，是复数。 45、B 见讲解10。46、C 同上。 47、A 同上。 48、A 见讲解7。 49、B 见讲解4。 50、B 同上。