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1、1.enjoy v.-adj. enjoyable enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 =be fond of sth./doing sth. enjoy oneself(=have a good/great/wonderful time=have fun)(in) doing sth. 2.experience n.-v. experience 体验,经历 -adj. experienced 有经验的experience 不可数名词 -经验(后面常接介词in 或 of 短语)可数名词 经历 an experience /an exciting experience 3.earn v
2、t. 赚钱,谋生;博得,得到earn one s living/earn one s bread 谋生,维持生计4. respect vt. 尊敬;重视;注意 n. (不可数)尊重,尊敬;(可数)点;方面 -adj. respectable 正派的,受人尊敬的;好的,令人满意的 -adj. respected 受尊敬的,受敬重的 -adj. respectful 有礼貌的,恭敬的 (of+N/to sb.) 反义 disrespectful -adj. respective 各自的(仅用于名词前) respected 多用于修饰人,它与respectable 的区别在于respectable
3、表示受人尊敬的可能性,但未必被respected 搭配用法: respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 in respect of sth. 关于,就 而言 show respect for sb. 尊敬某人 lose the respect of 失去对 .的尊敬earn/win respect 赢得尊重5.devote vt.致力于;献身-adj. devoted 挚爱的( be devoted to sb.-n. devotion 挚爱,深爱;忠心devote oneself to 致力于,献身于;专心于sb. devote sth. to doing sth. 把献给
4、;把 专用于sb. devote sth. to sth. 用于be devoted to sth/doing sth. 把时间 (钱、精力等 )献给 (做)某事6.average n.平均数;平均水平;一般标准adj.中等的;普通的;平常的LV.平均为on (an / the) average 平均,按平均计算;一般说来;通常above/below average 平均水平之上/下7.challenge n. 挑战;怀疑 , 质问;艰巨的任务。难题-vt. 挑战;质疑;邀请某人比赛-adj. challenging 具有挑战性的-n. challenger 挑战者the challenge
5、of doing sth.的挑战face/accept/take on a challenge 面对 /接受挑战meet/rise to a challenge 迎接挑战challenge for sth. 挑战某物challenge sb. to do sth.质疑某人做某事8.encouragement n.鼓励,促进 -v. encourage 鼓励,激励 反义: discourage v.使泄气;劝阻-n. courage 勇气;胆量;勇敢-adj. encouraging 令人鼓舞的,振奋人心的encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事discourage sb
6、. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事/劝阻某人做某事have courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事9.for free 免费的free from 不受 的影响;没有 的;摆脱 free of charge/tax/duty/rent 免费 /免税 /免税 /免租金free to do 自由地做某事free adj.免费的;自由的-v.释放;使自由;解脱,使摆脱;解救;解除-adv. freely 自由地,不受限制地;畅通地 -n. freedom 自由;自主精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 2
7、1 页10. look back on/upon sth. 回忆,回顾look back on/upon the past 回首过去look back on/upon those years 回首那些年 look into 调查;观察 look on 旁观;认为,视为 look out 注意,小心;注意看 look up 查找;好转;向上看;尊敬;拜访 look down on/upon 轻视,看不起 look through 浏览;仔细查看;视而不见 look after 照顾;照看 look for 寻找 look forward to (doing sth.) 期待,盼望 look ab
8、out 四处查看;考察事态(1)As look back upon those years,I am struck by Annies wisdom. (2)Ive been looking into this matter this afternoon. (3)Two men were fighting. The rest were looking on. (4)When youre eating fish ,look out for bones. (5)Weve been looking out for a new house ,but the ones weve seen are all
9、 too expensive. (6)Look up the word in the dictionary (7)I want to look my uncle up sometime. (8)She looked through her notes before the examination. 11. satisfaction n.满意 v. satisfy 使某人满意;满足要求等;符合标准等 -adj. satisfied 满意的,满足的反义 : dissatisfied -adj. satisfying 令人高兴的,令人满意的反义 : unsatisfying ,物体,做主语,一般很少
10、用-adj. satisfactory 满意的,够好的,反义: unsatisfactory,常用,表示事物本身具有的特点等be satisfied with sb./sth. 对 感到满意with/in satisfaction 满足地,满意地to sb. s satisfaction 使某人满意express satisfaction with/at sth. 对表示满意give sb. the satisfaction of doing sth. 使某人得到做某事的满足感get/gain satisfaction from sth. 从某事物中得到满足感12.exchange v.交换,
11、交流,兑换,更换 exchange sth. for sth.用某物换某物exchange sth. with sb. 同某人交换 /交流某物in exchange for 交换13. What is like?用于提问某人或某物的情况怎么样。其中like 为介词既可以用于提问某人的长相怎么样,又可以提问某人的性情、品质等。What does sb. look like? 仅用于提问某人的长相怎么样。What does sb. like? 用于提问某人喜欢什么。其中like 为动词What do you think of sb.? 问的是一个人的品行。What do you think of
12、sth.?=How do you find/like sth.?询问看法,表示“ 觉得 怎么样? ”14. 动名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。有时用 it 作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。常用的句型有:It is a waste doing sth.做是浪费It is no good/use doing sth. 做没好处 /用途It is worthwhile doing sth. 做是值得的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 21 页There is no sense in doing sth.做没道理There is no
13、point in doing sth. 做 没有意义There is no use/good in doing sth. 做没好处 /用途There is nothing worse than doing sth. 没有 比更糟的15. attend vt.出席,参加;上学;到场;(医生、护士等)照料,关心-n. attendance 出席人数,出席,参加-n. attendant 服务员,随从-n. attention 注意,留心;照顾 attend class上课 attend school 上学 attend a meeting参加会议 attend to 处理 (生意或个人事务);照料
14、;注意倾听;专心于attend to the matter 处理事情attend,take part in, join, join in辨析四者均有 “ 参加 ” 之意。Attend 指出席或参加会议、音乐会、婚礼、宴会等,也可指听课、听报告等。Take part in 多指带着责任心参加大型活动,并在其中起一定的作用,如体育、比赛、游戏、讨论、战斗等Join 指加入团体、组织等,并成为其中的一员,如参军、入团、入党等Join in 强调参加正在进行的活动,如比赛、娱乐、谈话等Join sb. in sth. 和某人一起做某事16. the best way to do sth. the wa
15、y to do sth.做某事的方法 the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法 all the way 一路上;从头至尾 by the way 在路旁;顺便说 by way of 经由;通过 的方法 in a way 在某种程度上;有几分,稍微 in no way 一点也不,决不 no way 绝不可能 in the way 挡道;妨碍某人 on the way to (doing sth.) 在去往 的路上;正在走向;快要成为17. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 be/get used to sth/doing sth. 习惯于(做)某事 be used t
16、o do sth. 被用来做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事be used as sth.用作18. fun n.(不可数)娱乐,玩笑,有趣,有趣的人或事-adj. funny for fun 开玩笑地;为了好玩 have fun (doing sth.) 玩得开心 what fun 多么开心 make fun of 嘲笑;取笑 it is fun to do sth. 做什么事有趣的 sth. is fun. 19. 疑问词 +动词不定式结构常跟在动词ask, know, consider, explain, decide, wonder, understand
17、, learn 等后面作宾语I don t not what to do next.=I don t know what I shall do next.20. prepare v.准备;筹备;把.准备好 adj. prepared 有准备的,准备好的(不放在名词前)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 21 页 -n. preparation 预备,准备复数:准备工作,筹备工作 -adj. prepared 有准备的反义: unprepared 无准备的prepare sth.准备某事 prepare to do sth.准
18、备做某事 prepare sb. to do sth.为某人做某事做好准备 prepare for sth.为某事做准备 prepare sth. for sth.为某事准备某物sb. be prepared to do sth.某人有能力且愿意做某事do sth. in preparation for sth.为准备某事而做某事make preparations for sth.为做准备工作in preparation在准备中21. though/although 连词,引导让步状语从句,主句不能与but 连用,但可与yet, still 等连用 though 还可作副词,一般放在句末,而且
19、前面多用逗号隔开,although 无此用法。 Our team lost. We did a good job, though. 尽管我们表现不错,但我们队还是输了。22. miss vt. 思念,怀念;逃过,避开;没赶上。未击中,未抓住;遗漏 miss 是非延续性动词,没有进行时-adj. missing 丢失的;缺少的miss doing sth. 没能做成某事 miss out 漏掉,省略 miss the chance错过机会23. former adj./n. 以前的 (放在名词前 ) /前者 反义: latter adj./n. 后者的 /两者中的后者 previous adj.
20、 以前的;先前的指的是按时间和次序在某事物之前 the previous day 前一天 previous to 在某事物以前24. donate vt. 捐赠,赠送 -n. donation 捐赠物 donate sth. to sb./sth. 赠送,捐赠给某人/某组织 donate blood 献血25. kindness n. 善意,友好,和蔼,好意,体贴 -adj. kind 善良的,友好的反义词: unkind 不仁慈的,不和善的、26. need的用法归纳: A用作情态动词,主要用于疑问句、条件句或否定句中,没有时态变化,后接动词原形 B用作实义动词, need to do st
21、h/need sb. to do sth. C. 及物动词, sth. needs doing=need to be done( 主动表被动 ) 27. more than A. 用于比较级,比更(多、大等) B. 表示超过,多于,相当于over C. 表示 岂止是,不仅是;非常,十分 D表示 非能力所及,其后跟从句,从句中用can/could This is more than I can understand. 这是我所不能理解的。28. whether or 引导让步状语从句whether conj. 是否;不管 还是 .(用于引导让步状语从句) whether 与 if 类别说明精选学
22、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 21 页只能用 whether, 不能用 if A.句中有 or not 时I wonder whether I ll catch the last bus or not. B.引导主语、表语、同位语从句时Whether it is true remains a question. C.作介词宾语时It depends on whether he s ready or not. D.放在不定式之前,与不定式组成词组时Please tell us whether to go or stay. 只能
23、用 if, 不能用 whether A.若有 “ 假如 ” 之意,引导条件状语从句时Ifit rains tomorrow, the meeting will be put off. B.当引导一个否定的宾语从句时I don t care if she is ten years older than me. whether 与 if 可互换用作“ 是否 ” 讲,引导绝大部分宾语从句时They asked if/whether we would like to go. 29. Upon finishing his studies,一完成学业 upon是介词作状语 A. Upon/On doing
24、 一就 =as soon as/immediately/the moment/the second/the minute/directly/instantly /hardly when /no sooner than B. Upon/On+ 名词,表示动作刚发生或完成Upon/On his arrival, he went straight to the headmaster. 他一到达就直接到校长那儿去了。30. develop v.培养,养成,产生;发展;开发;冲洗(交卷) -adj. developing 发展中的 -adj. developed 发达的反义: undeveloped 不
25、发达的,落后的;(土地)未开发的 -n. development 发展with the development of 随着 的发展31. inform vt. 告诉,通知 -n. information 消息,情报,资料(不可数) -adj. informal 非正式的反义: fomal -adj. informed 消息灵通的,见多识广的keep sb. informed 告知某人Inform sb.+ 疑问词 (how) +to do sth. 通知某人如何做某事inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事32. run v. 管理;经营;开动机器等;跑; run a school
26、办学校 run after 追逐;追求 run into 陷入;碰见 run across 无意间碰到 (sb.) run out of 用完,结束 (sth run out无被动) run away 逃走,离家 run away from 逃避;携 而逃走33. approve v. 赞同,赞许;批准,核准,认可反义: disapprove 不赞同,反对 -n. approval 赞同,赞许 , 同意;批准,认可反义: disapproval 不赞同,反对 -adj. approved ( 用于名词前 )认可的,核准的-adj. approving 赞许的,赞同的反义: disapprovi
27、ng approve of sth.赞成 /同意某事approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 21 页be approved for 被批准用于 34. charge n.负责,掌管 v. 充电;收费,要价;指控,控告 -adj. chargeable可以控诉的。可充电的 -adj. charged 充满感情的。 (气氛 )紧张的take charge 接管take charge of 接管charge for 收费,要价charge $ 10 for a cup
28、of coffee 一杯咖啡要价十美元(sth.) be in/under the charge of 在某人的掌管下,由某人经营/照顾,表被动sb. be in charge of 掌管,管理,照顾, 表主动charge sb. with sth 指控某人某事charge sth. with 使某事物充满 (情感)be charged with 充满 charge sth. 将充电charge sb with doing sth 命令某人做某事for free = free of charge = without payment 免费at one s own charge / expense
29、 自费35. event n.(重要)事件;社交活动;比赛工程 in any event 不管怎样,无论如何 at all events 不管怎样,无论如何in the event 到头来,结果in that event 如果那样的话 in the event of 万一发生 的话event, matter, affair 辨析A.event 通常指具有很大影响、意义重大的事件或运动会的比赛工程B.matter 意为 “ 麻烦、毛病、问题” ,通常指要注意的事情,也可以表示“ 物质 ”C.affair 是一个比较正式的词,指已经发生或必须去做的事情,通常用复数形式,指“ 事务,事态 ” 如 t
30、he world affairs 36. present v. 赠送;提交,交出;出席,出现 n. 礼物 =gift adj.出席的,到场的(作定语时必须后置)反义:absent 缺席的,不在场的-adv. presently 不久,马上,很快,一会儿=soon。 (美)现在,目前 =now -n. presence 出席,到场,出现反义: absence 缺席 , 缺乏,没有-adj. presentable 像样的,体面的,拿得出手的-n. presentation 授予,颁发;报告,(新产品的)介绍;(观点的)陈述,说明;呈现at present 现在,目前for the present
31、 就目前来说,暂时up to the present 直到现在,至今make a present of sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人37. compare v. 比较,对比 -n. comparison 比较 -adj. comparable(在数量、大小、质量等方面)类似的,相当的。可比较的-adj. comparative 相比之下的 , 相比而言的 , 相对的 n. 比较级形式compare to 把比作 compare with 把与进行比较compared with/to 和比较,常用于句首或句尾,且作状语beyond/without comparison 无与伦比精选学
32、习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 21 页by comparison 比较起来in comparison 与 比较38. the+比较级, the+比较级 越,越 39. choose v. (chose, chosen) 挑选,选择 -n. choice 选择,选择权 choose to do sth. 选择 /决定 /宁愿 /愿意做某事choose sb./sth. to do sth. 选择某人 /某事做某事choose sb./sth. as sth. 选择 作为 choose from sth.从选择can t cho
33、ose but do 不得不做某事have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择做某事do nothing but do sth. 除做 之外什么也不做40. order n.次序,顺序;订购;点菜;命令,指示 v. 命令,指示;订购;点菜 in order 整齐,有条理 out of order 出了故障;次序紊乱,不按顺序 in order to/that 为了,目的在于 order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事 order that (should) do 宾语从句 +(should) do 类似用法:当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时
34、,其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为should 动词原形或直接用动词原形。这类名词常见的有:advice,insist , suggest/suggestion ,propose /proposal, order, demand,desire,request,require/requirement ,recommend /recommendation , aim , wish , necessity , preference , motion , plan, idea, resolution 等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me
35、immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。He insisted that he (should) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。注意:如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气 。判断:(错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you (should)be wrong. (对) I insisted
36、that you were wrong. 41. regret v. ( regretted, regretting)遗憾;后悔做了某事;对感到遗憾-adj. regretful 后悔的,遗憾的-adj. regrettable 令人懊恼的,可惜的,令人遗憾的regret to say/to tell you/ to inform you/that 表示所后悔、遗憾的事情还没有发生regret +n./doing sth./that 从句 后悔,因做某事而遗憾、惋惜等regret not doing sth 不后悔做过的事情regret not having done sth 类似结构: re
37、member/forget to do sth.记得 /忘了去做某事 remember/forget doing sth. 记得 /忘了做过某事mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着try to do sth. 努力做某事try doing sth. 试试做某事stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事go on to do sth. 继续做另外一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事can t help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事can t help doing sth.忍不住做某事42.
38、require v. 要求,需要精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 21 页 -n. requirement 要求,需要的事物(一般复数) require sth. 需要 require doing sth.=require to be done( 主动形式表被动含义) 某物需要被做 (类似的词: need,want) be required to do sth. 规定做某事require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事 require that sb. (should) do sth. require sth
39、. of sb. 要求某人做某事43. so that 引导结果状语从句,“ 如此 以至于 ” 即 so+adj./adv. that 从句so that 引导目的状语从句,表示“ 为了,以便 ” ,从句常使用can, could, may, might, will, would, should等情态动词或助动词。引导结果状语从句,从句中一般不用can, may 等词。so that 与 such that 区别: 意思相同但固定搭配不同so+adj./adv.+that 从句such a/an+adj.+可数名词单数 +that 从句= so+adj.+ a/an+ 可数名词单数+that
40、从句such +adj.+不可数名词 /可数名词复数+that 从句The play was so interesting that I went to see it several times. = This was such an interesting that I went to see it several times. = This was so interesting a play that I went to see it several times. 这个话剧十分有趣,所以我去看过好多次。注意:名词由many, much, few, little修饰时,只能用sothat 结
41、构。44. act n. (戏剧)幕;行为,举动 vt. 行为,表现 -n. action 行动 , 活动-n. actor 演员 (尤指男演员 ) -n. actress . 女演员-adj. active 活泼的 , 活跃的。 积极的。主动的反义: inactive act as担任 职务act for 代理act on 对 起作用,对 有效take action to do sth.采取行动做某事take an active part in 积极参与 be active in doing sth. 积极做某事45. be supposed to(to do sth.)理应 /应该做某事;
42、被认为,被看做是46. tolerate vt. 忍受;默许;允许=stand/bear -n. toleration 容忍精神,宽容态度 -adj. tolerant 宽容的,容忍的反义: intolerant -n. tolerance 容忍,宽容tolerate doing sth. 允许做某事47. frightened adj. 受惊的;害怕的=scared -v. frighten 使害怕,使惊吓=scare -adj. frightening令人害怕的,吓人的 =scary be frightened to do sth.害怕做某事 be frightened of sth./d
43、oing sth. frighten sb. to death 把某人吓的要死 frighten sb away 吓走某人 frighten sb/sth. off 吓走,吓跑 frighten sb into doing sth. 把某人吓得做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 21 页48. starve v. 挨饿;渴望 -n. starvation 挨饿,饥饿,饿死 -adj. starving 挨饿的starve for 渴望;急需starve to death 饿死49. be at fault 有错,要对错
44、误负责 find fault with 挑剔;找茬,吹毛求疵It s your fault to make such a mistake. 犯这样的错误是你的过失。50. defend v. 辩护,辩解;防卫,保护 -n. defence 保护,防护-n. defender 保护者;防守队员,后卫-n. defendant 被告defend against 防卫;抵抗defend with 用防卫defend from 防卫 以免于 defend sb. against/from sb/sth.针对 为辩解。 保护某人 /物免受 伤害51. deserve v. 值得;应得;应受 -adj.
45、deserved 应得的,理所当然的 -adj. deserving 应得的,值得的(尤指经济上的支持)deserve to sth. 理应做某事 deserve+名词 deserve doing sth.= deserve to be done He deserves punishment.=He deserves punishing.=He deserves to be punished. deserve well/ill of应/不应受到deserve for 为值得做某事deserve from 应从 受到 52. upset adj.感到不适的;心烦意乱的 v. (upset, up
46、setting) 打翻;倾覆;使心烦意乱 be upset with sb 对某人不快 be upset by/at/about 对某事感到烦恼upset stomach肠胃不适53. emergency n.(可数 ) 突发事件;紧急情况 - n. emergence 出现,显现;发生;露头(of) - adj. emergent 紧急的 ,浮现的 ,突然出现的;新出现的(仅用于名词前) - vi. emerge 出现。 显出。 暴露 (问题 . 意见等 ) emerge from ( =appear, become known ) 54. explanation n.( 可数 ) 解释,说
47、明 - v. explain 解释,说明 explain sth. to sb.= explain sb. sth. 向某人解释某事的理由55. be hard on sb./sth.=be strict with sb. in sth. 对某人某人严厉56. now that 既然,由于,引导原因状语从句=because of the fact that=since 57. turn 短语turn one s back on sb. (=turn away from sb. in an impolite way) 不 理 睬 ( 某 人 ), 背 弃 , 抛 弃by turns 轮换地in
48、turn (=successively。in order) 依次do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事turn against 转而反对,背叛turn around / round 转身,转过来turn on 打开(灯,气,水,电器等)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 21 页turn off 关掉(灯,气,水,电器等)turn up 把音量开大,卷起,翻起,发生,出现,到达turn down 关小 /调低(音量热度),拒绝
49、turn over 把 翻过来,翻动,犁翻(土地),细想turn in 交进,上缴,归还turn into 变成turn into 把 变成 ,转变成turn to 转向 ,向 求助,查阅turn out 结果是,生产turn out to be 被证明是 , 结果是turn right / left 向右 /向左拐turn writer = become a writer 成为作家58. take a vacation 休假 (vacation 无复数形式) the summer/winter vacation 暑/寒假 on vacation/holiday 在度假59. expect v
50、t. 认为;期待 -n. expectation 预料,预期,期待 -n. expectancy 期待,期望-adj. expectant 期待的(一般用于名词前) expect to do sth. 预计做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事 expect that+从句 I expect/think/believe/suppose so. I don t expect/think/believe/suppose so.(否定转移 ) 60. can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要做某事61. surprise vt. 使惊奇 n. 意想不到的事