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1、1 全国医学考博英语考试新的心得1.首先,考试要找到感觉,最好要做几套题,尤其是考前一个月要做几套题,总结经验教训,分析得失! !2.如果时间充分,词汇量的提高扩展很重要,因为这与单词和阅读都相关,建议看托福词汇!3.考试前模拟考试过程! !一定要分配好时间,考场上常有考生交卷时还没有涂完答题卡!4.听力、作文非常重要! !一定下功夫搞好!半壁江山!大家都知道听力最快的提高法,就是多听, 最好的提高法, 就是边听边默写。建议听托福真题听力, 做完题反复听, 我备考时耳朵上一直挂着托福听力MP3,考场上一定要聚精会神听录音内容,有些题目其实很简单!很多学校是采用, 放录音机或在阶梯大教室从大音箱
2、里播放英语听力,其语音清晰度比我们平时多采用的耳机听英语要差很多,所以平时要加强音响、 录音机播放英语听力的练习, 有些考生平时没有这方面练习者,不适应,因此听力丢分不少,听力为英语考试的第一部分且占30 分的高分,如考不好直接影响到继续考下去的信心、情绪、发挥及成绩,有些就产生了放弃的心理。5.平时考听力多有预读题干及选项的习惯。6.有多余的时间(考高分最好有这时间) ,建议听听历年 TOEFL 考试听力,非常有用,没准儿还出现原题。7.真题最有用!分析历年真题题目最可靠!蒋跃的模拟题和听力也有用,反复做题也是熟悉题型和掌握知识的好方法。8.考前一定要在规定的时间内写几篇作文:作文,只要复习
3、充分都能考高分,大家复习一定要趁早,开始多抄写一些范文,最重要的一点,字迹一定要清晰。作文就是个框子,往里套就行,平常读文献时如果看到好的abstract ,往往写的又好又简练,多多学习!9.词汇部分占的比例少,千万别专门去背单词,做完往届的题把不会的词记牢,其实考博英语词汇经常重复,另外,词汇还需要拓展,在阅读中会体会到。10.阅读,除了真题之外我还做过很多其他辅导书的题,觉得用处不大,做真题就可以了,但如果真的要提高英语阅读,光做题也不够,拓展是非常必要的。向大家推荐 Scientific American和Nature等高级科普、专业杂志。你会发现阅读多了就非常有用,对词汇和听力也有很大
4、帮助。这就是我的一点经验了,希望对大家有点帮助!附 原创作文策略总结一、原则与要求: 不直译原文,抓主要论点,果断舍弃次要内容 ,突出新点,论点清晰 ,主要写中长句子!25 个长句!不写或少写短句! !1215 句话。二、摘要的结构、 写作大纲推荐结构1 导言段2 正文段 (正反两方面)3 结论段保守结构1 原文结构2 原文要点3 无结论点睛 1.文章分段 ; 2.充分利用标题 ;3.段段都有主题句 ;4 末句重复主题句(首尾呼应)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 5 页2 三、三种类型如何做 how to do; 描写议
5、论 whats it and why is it so; 综合型 what and how to do 常用句式:记住what, how ,why 写作思路,以及正反两方面分别论述!如果涉及到使用 主语是可用 the author/essay , 不用第一人称my 、me、I 等! !四、考场写作技巧划线,划出实质性, 实词性句子。翻译标题, 有标题就译,充分引用标题 (标题嵌入首段的末句),没有标题不能加。三段式,导言+正文+结论,不用第一人称,注意客观性。 或者按原文要点格式! 主题句,段段都有,复合句不宜太短。规范主题句,结论有标志。末尾重复标题,首尾呼应。起草摘要,切忌照抄或逐字翻译,
6、要用自己的语言,摆脱原文束缚,达到摘要的目的。整理修改,使文章简练,同时使用连接词,使文章具有连贯性和统一性。五、写作中几个禁忌1.逐字翻译 ;2.引用过细,例子、数字、人名、地名等;3.引用故事,原话(除非故事占大部分内容);4.被原文牵着鼻子走。5.使用原文意以外的称呼或个人观点! ?六、摘要文章的框架:内容为医学科普文章,时间和字数:50 分钟;约 200 词,一般是几个要点就可分几个小段落,大约是12-15 个句子 左右。七、背诵模版 :This essay focus on the topic of that . However , why did happen? what shou
7、ld be done to ? With the speedup of/increasing , /Now an increasing number of people come to realize that It is said that/Accumulated data have indicated that结 尾 总 结 回 应 主 题 Taking into account all the factors listed above, the author/paper reaches the conclusion /suggests that concerted efforts sho
8、uld be made to;have access to 医学考博写作常用核心关键词汇1.人畜共患病 zoonosisanthropozoonosis. 人兽共患病,霍乱(传染病)cholera,acute gastroenteritis ;aloe ?l?u n. 芦荟, 芦荟叶汁2.虫媒 insect pollination,entomophil;虫媒传染病insect-borne /arthropod-borne infectious disease: vector-borne infectious diseases: malaria,dengue fever, schistosomi
9、asis ,and viral encephalitis/yellow fever 疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病;肾病综合征: nephrotic/renal syndrome ;3.epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热; arthropod-borne virus encephalitis 节肢动物传播的病毒性脑炎;4. 爆 发 流 行 : break out, burst out,explode; an epidemic outbreak of ,outburst ,explosion 5.传染: infect/infection/ infectious,catch
10、ing,communicate/communicable, contagion/ contagious, transmission/transmittable ; communicable可传达的 , 会传染的, 医 有传染性的 ; communicative a. 健谈的, 爱说话的 , 交际的6.传播途径 route of transmission, bird flu transmits by air/wind;person to person transmission 7.传播 ,散布: diffuse,prevalence, spread, transmit,disseminate,p
11、ropagate/ propagation 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页3 8.污染 pollution/ pollute,contamination/contaminate 9.福祉 well-being, happiness ; 衰老 grow old; aging; consenescence ; senility ; senile 10.sensual肉欲的 , 色情的 , 世俗的 , 感官的 , 感觉论的11.from bad to worse每况愈下; akin to=similar to 相似的;
12、 Purulent脓的,化脓的doctor-patient communicationcommunication between doctors and patients ; history, complain of, complaint, examine;Sanlu scandal三鹿事件;food safety/security;12.婴幼儿保健 the baby and child /Infant health care 13.Hope for the best, prepare for the worst. 做最好的打算,最坏的准备。14.下降、减少 reduction,decreas
13、e ,decline,diminution, drop,descend ,go / come down,fall;上升、增加 rise; go up; ascend ;increase; 16.禽流感 H1N1 flu bird flu/avian flu;食品安全food safety; 抗氧化药物和食品anti-oxidation drugs and foods;AIDs; 抗抑郁药物anti-depression drugs;人工心脏artificial heart; 公共卫生突发事件public health emergencies; 应急反应immediate response to
14、; 关 注 民 生concern(focus on, pay attention to) people s livelihood/well-being; 城乡卫生体系 urban-rural medical and health system 17.预防保健 Disease Prevention and Health care,服务体系 service system ;讲究卫生 pay attention to hygiene ;个人和环境卫生personal and environmental hygiene 18.孝敬的 filial piety filial piety to ,trea
15、t their parents with filial respect 19.lite 清淡的; protein-complemented diet 蛋白添加饮食; tuna 金枪鱼 (肉), 金枪仙人掌; green beans 青豆,绿蚕豆; kidney bean 四季豆; mung bean 绿豆preventive initiatives=preventive measures 预防的措施20.a flash in the pan 昙花一现,昙花一现的人物,一时的成功21.过劳死 karoshi; death from overwork 22.长期以来for a long time
16、; over the years 22.养生 preserve ones health; nourishing of life; keep in good health 23.更年期和老年期妇女卫生保健服务health care services for peri-menopausal and old women;hygienic health care of menopausal women 24.承担主要责任: assume the primary responsibility for 25.分类 be divided intofall into three categories be g
17、rouped according to their origin, into three classes. be categorized according to/be roughly classified into three kinds. 26.国 际 护 士 协 会 (ICN=international council of nurses); 基 本 职 责 =basic/ fundamental/essential/elementary duties/responsibilities/obligations; 基 本 原 则fundamental principle/ rule,bas
18、ic rule or principle; 27.抗旱能力 drought resistance capacity ;cold resistance capacity抗寒能力28.激烈运动 strenuous exercise ;vigorous activity;月经期 menstrual period 29.生活的节奏 the tempo/the pace of life; a life of quick /fast pace 30.民众 the (general) public,the masses of the people ,the common people ;合作者co-work
19、er; collaborator; copartner; coagent; 31. 大 规 模 流 行large-scale transmission, become a pandemic , massive attack/outbreak 32.死亡人数 death toll,deaths ,the number of people killed in/dying from The death toll is expected to rise. The death toll continues to rise. There have been more deaths from drownin
20、g. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页4 How much is the death toll? 死亡人数是多少?33.归结为boil down to;come down to;归因为 /归功于 be attributable to、be attributed to、ascribe or attribute to、oweto; 归咎于 lay or put the blame on sb 、blameon 、ascribe or attribute to、impute to 。34.etiquette礼仪,礼节;差
21、距 /差别程度 difference,disparity,gap 35.解密 decode ,decipher, decrypt, disclocse ;旗鼓相当 /势均力敌: well-matched adversaries /rivals; 旗鼓相当的对手/劲敌: a foe/rival /an enemy /an opponent worthy of ones steel ;dingdong fight 势均力敌的比赛;旗鼓相当的战争。36.dingdong di?d? n. 叮当声 , 叮咚声 a. (非正式 )(比赛)双方不相上下的 , ad.起劲地37.基因芯片 genechip
22、,又称 DNAchip 或 cDNA 微矩阵列 cDNAMicroarray 38.inhale 吸入,吸气;exhale呼出,呼气;无生命的 ,非生物的 abiological/abiotic, non-living things; insular 海岛的,狭隘的 ; 固定不变的 changeless, steadfast. 39.大规模 on a large scale ,extensive,large-scale ,massive ;40.表面上 on the surface, apparently, ostensibly, superficial, seemingly; 因果关系cau
23、se-and-effect relationship, causal relationship/relations;孤立 现象 an isolated phenomenon ;复杂的 complicated,complex,sophisticated ,intricate ;极端复杂性 extreme/ exceeding complexity/complicacy 。41. board of directors 理事会,董事会; A board or council董事会或理事会Administrative/administration Leadership and Business Man
24、agement make a Branch of Science. 行政领导工作 和业务管理工作 是一门科学。42. 获得认证 be certified /has been certificated, gain/earn approval certification 43. 后勤部门 rear-service department; logistics department ; back office; department of support services ;膳食科 dietary division;人事科 personnel office/section 44.integrate (
25、v.) 結合,整合,集于一体 incorporate45.低保basic living allowances/subsistence allowances;养老保险endowment insurance ;退休养老金 retirement pension ;Health Care Reform医疗改革46. 潮湿的环境humid environment/moist situations; 慢性铅中毒chronic lead poisoning; 意外事故fortuitous accidents=unforeseen event or circumstance=an accident=conti
26、ngency 意外事件 ;娱乐活动: recreational activities ,recreation,entertainment ,leisure activities,amusement 47.建立基本医疗卫生制度,提高全民健康水平。Establish /set up a basic medical and health care system and improve the health of the whole nation. 48. H1N1 Flu 写作中需要的词汇包括: H1N1 virus, communicable (transmittable, contagious,
27、 infectious), susceptible, infect, symptoms, latent (latency), communicable period, acute, respiratory diseases, high-risk population ,nationwide/worldwide; It is latent for 1 to 7 days and is communicable for 1 to 7 days. 49. Euthanasia 关键词:安乐死 euthanasia ; 伦理学的 ethical; 道德的 moral; 合法化 legalize/ at
28、ion;得绝症的 terminally ill ;垂死的 dying;延长 prolong;质量 quality prolong a terminally ill patients life despite the cost and pains he/she suffers. 50.临终关怀 =Hospice Care/=end-of-life care 濒临死亡的病人: dying patients,terminally ill patients ,incurable patient) ,生命精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页
29、,共 5 页5 质量( quality of life 或 life quality ) ,临终关怀( =end-of-life care) 。51.突发公共卫生事件问题Outbreak of public health emergency/emergencies, public health and urgent system, enhance our capacity to respond to public health emergencies. Step up/Accelerate the establishment of a social security system covering both urban and rural residents and guarantee their basic living conditions. improve the low-rent housing system and speed up resolution of the housing difficulties of low-income families in urban areas. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页