2022年高中英语语法：非谓语动词详细复习资料 .pdf

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1、高中英语语法：非谓语动词详细复习资料非谓语一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：另外，常见的还有：1、情态动词后的to 已省略。例： You must go to the hospital first. 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。2、 使役动词 let, have, make后， 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜

2、。Let it be. 就这样吧。when I passed by, I saw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。注意：在这些词的用法中， 用于被动语态时不能省去to 。例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/had best后的 to省略

3、。例： I would rather go to Japan than the USA.我宁精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 17 页愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好带上一顶帽子。4、 why/why not 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、 help 后可带 to ，也可不带to, help sb do sth：6、如果在 feel ，

4、know，observe ，see 后面跟的不定式是 be，则 to 不可省略。例： We all felt that to be the highest praiseWe know him to be braveThe only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning应该注意到的是feel和 see 这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词

5、，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。7、and, or和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 17 页他应该是个好人。9、b

6、ut 作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有 do 的形式时，but 后的不定式要省去to, 否则要带 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 10、不定式做表语时，一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含有 do 的各种形式时，符号to 可省去。例 weve missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home. It beaanadj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面

7、的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如 : This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to _. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sa

8、t on 2. Im hungry. Get me something _. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 17 页3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters _, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. t

9、o be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult _. repair be repaired repaired 6. He was nowhere _. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen 7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought d. buying 8. We waited for the work _. a. done b. being do

10、ne c. to do d. to be done 动名词复合结构的一般构成：1）名词的所有格形式动名词 2 ）形容词性的物主代词动名词如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词动名词或者宾格代词动名词动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window (比较： Would you mind closing the window) Bobs being absent made his teacher very angry. No one will dream of there being

11、such a famous place in the world. Her having lost the keys made Mary very 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 17 页disappointed. 动词 ing 的独立结构：不定式和动名词作主语的区别：(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止 )here 这里禁止抽烟。 ( 抽象 ) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么

12、多烟对你身体很不好。( 具体 ) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。 ( 经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。( 经验 ) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 (3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes

13、to finish the job. (4 ）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定式 作 主 语 常 常 表 示 某 次 具 体 的 行 为 。Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessary to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 17 页discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2 、

14、常用不定式做主语的句型有：It s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do It s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time ones doing. 不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较 A 作前置定语现在分词、过去分词、动名词可以作前置定语，而不定式不能作前置定语。如

15、： a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water，boiled water ; building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the xxing new year 。辨异的方法很简单：现在分词具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如，a developing country=a country which is developing ( 发 展 中 国 家) ；boiling water=water which is boiling(

16、正 在 滚 开 的 水) ; a developed country=a country which has developed ；boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 17 页水) 。现在分词和动名词同形，但作前置定语时，动名词表示 所 修 饰 的 名 词 的 用 途 ， 例 如 ，.building materials=materials for building; a swimming pool=a pool for swimmi

17、ng ；而现在分词作前置定语时，表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如，the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the xxing new year=the new year that is xxing 。 B 作后置定语不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语，而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very

18、 important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 辨析：上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语，是因为它们存在不同的情况：不定式作定语，表示动作正要进行；现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行；过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成。据此，我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子，这样学生就更容易理解： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页

19、，共 17 页very important.=The problem ( which is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.= The problem (

20、which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very important. 现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语也是比较常用的句式，如： I heard him singing English songs. His English was poor .He could hardly make himself understood. 学习小结：不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作宾补，正确使用它们的方法是：首先确定它们与逻辑主语即句子的宾语之间的关系，如果逻辑主语是它们动作的执行者，则用不定式或现在分词作宾补。不定式表示动作已完成

21、，侧重工作的全过程，而现在分词表示动作正在进行；如果逻辑主语是它们动作的承受者， 则应用过去分词作宾补。如： I often heard him sing English songs. I heard him singing English songs. I often heard English songs sung by him. 不定式、分词作状语时的比较 A. 不定式可修饰动词和形容精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 17 页词，表示原因、目的和结果。 a)作修饰动词的原因状语。如：The whole nation

22、was in deep sorrow to learn of Premier Zhou Enlais death. He laughed to think of his stupid son. b) 作修饰动词的目的状语。如：He went to buy an English dictionary in the bookstore. 不定式作目的状语如果放在句子之前，则更为正式一些，语气也较重。如： To be a teacher of the people, one must first be their pupil. c) 作修饰动词的结果状语。不定式做结果状语，表示一种没有预料到的情况或

23、结果，须放在被修饰动词的后面，如：He woke up to find that he was lying in the hospital. 有时为了进一步加强预料不到的语气，在表示结果的不定式前还可加only, 如： He went to see him only to find him out. d) 作修饰表语形容词的状语。尤其要注意的是，此时作修饰表语形容词状语的不定式常用主动形式，表示被动的含义。如： My chair is xxfortable to sit on. English is very difficult to learn well. B分词可作多种状语，用法比较活跃。

24、 a)作时间状语，如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 17 页Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (=After he had finished his homework, ) (When) heated, ice will turn into water. (=When it is heated, ) b)作原因状语，如：Being a Party member, I should take the lead. (=As I am a Party member,

25、) Greatly inspired by the teacher s words, he made up his mind to work even harder. (=Because he was greatly inspired by the teachers words, ) c)作方式、伴随或附加说明状语，如：Filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself xxpletely. He stood there waiting for a bus. Here for the four very di

26、fficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring and calculating and thinking. d)作条件状语，如：Given some more time, she will do work even better. (= If she is given some more time, ) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (=If you play all day,

27、 ) e) 作结果状语，如：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 有时在表示结果的现在分词之前还可加only, 表示预料精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 17 页之中的情况，如： He went to see him last night only finding him studying. He was always working hard! f) 作程度状语，如：The wind rose and it became freezing cold. g)作目的状

28、语，如：Yesterday she went shopping with his classmates. h) 作让步状语，如：Though warned of the danger, the children went on skating on the thin ice.(=Though they were warned of the danger, ) 要点提示：分词作状语，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果分词表示的是主动、进行的动作， 则用现在分词作状语；如果分词表示的是被动、完成的动作或状态，则用过去分词作状语，如：Following the old man, he stepped i

29、nto the room. Followed by the old man, he stepped into the room. Greatly interested ,I asked how he played these new works. 不定式、现在分词作独立成分时的比较A不定式作独立成分，表示不定式独立于句子的其他成分，是英语表达的一种方式，不常用，如：To tell you the truth, I am almost freezing. To be honest, I dont like being left alone at home. 精选学习资料 - - - - - -

30、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 17 页B现在分词作独立成分，用来表示说话人的态度或看问 题 的 角 度 ， 如 ：Generally speaking, boys are physically stronger than girls. Judging from his accent ,he must be an American. 注意：重点： Need, want, require, deserve( 应得，值得 ), be worth 值得），not bear( 经不住 ) 后面接 doing 主动表被动。The book is worth read

31、ing. 这本书值得一读。The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully. 这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut). 你的头发该剪了。非谓语一 高考需掌握的相关知识点：另外，常见的还有：1、情态动词后的to 已省略。例： You must go to the hospital first.

32、 你必须先去医院。 I can swim well. 我能游得很好。2、 使役动词 let, have, make后， 感官动词 see, watch, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 17 页look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等词后的 to 省略。例： He made the baby crying all night long. 他让那个婴儿哭了一整夜。Let it be. 就这样吧。when I passed by, I s

33、aw the girl picking the flowers. 我经过的时候，看见那个女孩在摘花。注意：在这些词的用法中， 用于被动语态时不能省去to 。例：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。=He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. 老板让他们整夜干活。 =They were made to work the whole night. 3、 would rather/had better/had best后的 to省略。例： I would rather go to Japan than th

34、e USA.我宁愿去日本也不想去美国。 You had better take a hat with you. 你最好带上一顶帽子。4、 why/why not 句型中 not 后 to 省略。例：why not xxe to my home for a dinner tonight 今晚何不来我家吃顿饭。5、 help 后可带 to ，也可不带to, help sb do sth：6、如果在 feel ，know，observe ，see 后面跟的不定式是 be，则 to 不可省略。例： We all felt that to be the highest praiseWe know him

35、 to be brave精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 17 页The only thing that I have observed to be without limit is the businessmans desire for profitsNow I saw him to be the man who walked up the hill every morning应该注意到的是feel和 see 这两个动词在上述例句中已不是感觉动词，它们的意思分别是“认为”、“以为”和“知悉”、“了解”。7、and, o

36、r和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：例： He forgot to go to her home and give her the important letter. 他忘了去她家并把一封重要的信件给她。8、通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时， 可以省去 to be。 例： He is supposed nice. 他应该是个好人。9、but 作介词，后结不定式结构时，前面谓语动词部分若含有 do 的形式时，but 后的不定式要省去to, 否则要带 to. 例 he wants to do nothing but go o

37、ut. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 10、不定式做表语时，一般要带to, 但若主语部分中含有 do 的各种形式时，符号to 可省去。例 weve missed the last bus. All we could do now 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 17 页is walk home. It beaanadj. n. to do 在这种句型中 , 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如 : This

38、 is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。 question与 to answer 为动宾关系。 to answer 可改为 for me to answer。 再如 : It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very xxfortable to _. a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on 2. Im hungry. Get me something

39、_. a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating 3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese. a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written 4. I have no more letters _, thank you. a. to type b. typing c. to be typed d. typed 5. The car is rather difficult _. repair be repaired repaired 6. He was n

40、owhere _. a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen 7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children. a. to buy b. to be bought c. bought 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 17 页d. buying 8. We waited for the work _. a. done b. being done c. to do d. to be done 动名词复合结构的一

41、般构成：1）名词的所有格形式动名词 2 ）形容词性的物主代词动名词如不置于句首时，可以使用：名词动名词或者宾格代词动名词动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。 Would you mind my/me closing the window (比较： Would you mind closing the window) Bobs being absent made his teacher very angry. No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world. H

42、er having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed. 动词 ing 的独立结构：不定式和动名词作主语的区别：(1) 动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止 )here 这里禁止抽烟。 ( 抽象 ) It is not very good for you to smoke so much你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。( 具体 ) (2) 动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -

43、 - - - -第 16 页，共 17 页示一件未完成的事或目的。Climbing mountains is interesting爬山很有趣。 ( 经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。( 经验 ) To finish the task will take a long time. 要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。 (3) 不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job. (4 ）动名词做主语往往表示普通的，一般的行为；不定式 作 主 语 常 常 表 示 某 次 具 体 的 行 为 。Collecting information about childrens health is his job. 收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。 Its necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。 2 、常用不定式做主语的句型有：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页，共 17 页