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1、独立主格结构独立主格结构，在语法上是一个独立的，在语法上是一个独立的短语短语，不是句子不是句子，在意思上依附于句在意思上依附于句子子，具有以下特点：，具有以下特点：i.独立主格结构的独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子主语逻辑主语与句子主语不同不同，（不指同一个人或同一事物），（不指同一个人或同一事物）ii.独立主格结构可置于独立主格结构可置于句首句首，也可以放，也可以放在在句尾句尾。名词名词/代词代词 + 现在分词现在分词 （正在进行正在进行或或主主动关系动关系）名词名词/代词代词+ 过去分词（过去分词（完成完成或或被动关系被动关系）名词名词/代词代词+ 不定式（主动或被动，强调不定式（主动或被动，
2、强调的是的是将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态）1. (2012辽宁）辽宁） The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them.A.to follow B. followingC. followed D. follows 2. (2011.浙江）浙江） Bats are surprising long-lived creatures, some _ a life span of around 20 years.A. having B. had C. have D. to have
3、 3. (2005.湖南）湖南） I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year.A.follows B. followedC. to follow D. being followed 4._, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of a language is poor.A.Other things be equal B. Were other things equalC. Oth
4、er things being equal D. Other things are equal 5.The cave _ very dark, he lit some candles _ light.A.was; given B. was; to give C. being; given D. being; to give 6.The car ran into a crowd of middle school students, _ to hospital immediately.A.two of whom sent B. two of them sentC. two of whom are
5、sentD. two of them sending 7.The boy had to explain to his parents what had been going on that day, _.A.included all the details B.all the details includingC.all the details were includedD.all the details included8.The production _ steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw materia
6、l.A.has gone up B. is going upC. having gone up D. being gone up 9.It was snowing hard outside. Jason hurried into the room, _.A.his nose was red with coldB.and his nose red with coldC.his nose red with coldD.his nose been red with cold 10.The police _ near, the bank robber threatened to set off the
7、 bomb.A.came B. comingC. to come D. come 11. The old black woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, her grandchildren _ around and _ attentively.A.seating; listeningB.seated; listenedC.seating; listenedD.seated; listening12._, we went to the library to read book or magazines.A.Class was over
8、B. Class overC. When class over D. Class is over 13.-Why are they taking all the equipment away?-The job _, they are packing up to leave.A.done B. did C. was done D. to be done 14.Her first two books in this series are well received, the third one _ next month.A.to come out B. coming outC. will come outD. having come out 15.His homework _, Jim decided to go and see the play.A. doing B. to do C. does D. done 16.All the things _, his suggestion is of greater value than yours.A.considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider