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1、学习必备欢迎下载人教版高中英语必修一Unit One Friendship 1. Survey Make a general survey of sth. 纵观某事物Mae a survey of sth.调查某事物Vt. 查看2. Add to 增添Add to. 往添加Add up to 合计达,加起来总和是3. Calm v. (使)平静;(使)镇定adj. 平静的;镇定的;沉着的,指无风浪或人的心情不激动Keep/stay calm 保持镇静Calm before the storm 暴风雨前的平静Calm down 使平息,使平静单词用法calm 常指天气平静,无风;海上无浪;镇定,
2、无忧虑,镇静自若等quiet 表示“静止的,宁静的”,指没有激动,烦恼,忧虑,康掉没有扰乱或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安宁”silent 表示“无声的”“沉默的”still 表示“静止不动的”“平静的”,强调没有精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载动作的状态4. Ignore vt. 忽视,对 不予理睬Ignorance n. 无知Ignorant adj. 无知的,不知道的Be ignorant of/about sb. /sth. 对某人某物不知道5. Upset v. 使不安,使心烦;打乱,搅乱 (
3、计划等); 弄翻;使不舒服的adj. 心烦意乱的(不置于名词前);(胃等)不舒服;(计划等)搅乱的;翻倒的单词用法成分upset 由于某事发展过程中有种紧张的感觉只做表语,不作定语nervous 在某事发展过程中有种紧张的感觉作定语,表语anxious 由于害怕发生或不发生某事而感到焦虑作定语,表语6. Have got to(=have to)不得不,必须(1) have got to 的否定式为 haven t got to ; have to 的否定式为 dont have to 。 用于疑问句中时,前者 have 提前,后者借助于助动词do。(2) 表示一次性动作时,两者可以互换。担当
4、表示习惯性动作时,尤其是当句子中含有 always, often, sometimes等频率副词时,则应使用have to ,不使用 have got to 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载(3) have got to 罕用于过去时,而have to除可用于过去时外,还可与情态动词,助动词连用,可用于完成时结构中。(4) have (got)to 与 must 都意为“必须”,但 must 作为情态动词无时态以及人称和数的变化,而have (got) to 则有。 Have (got) to
5、表示客观需要,must 则表示主观看法。 另外,表示“不必”用 don t have to, haven t got to, needn t, 不能用 mustn t。mustn t 表示“一定不能”的绝对禁止含义。7. concern vt. 涉及,关系到,参与;使粗心,使担心n. 关心;关注;(厉害)关系concern oneself with/in 从事(参与,干涉)concern oneself about/for因为担忧(关心)某人as/so far as be concerned 就而言as concerns关于( concerning)feel/show concern abou
6、t/for担心(关心,挂念) be concerned with与有关be concerned about/for 关心8. cheat sb.(out) of sth. 骗取某人的某物cheat sb. into the belief that骗某人相信cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事9. for a/an reason 因为一个 的原因the reason for 的理由, 的原因reason + why/that引导的定语从句the reason is +that引导的表语从句the reason for sth. 某事的理由精选学习资料 - - - -
7、- - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载the cause of sth. 某事的起因the excuse for sth. 某事的托词 /借口10. crazy 疯狂的;着迷的be crazy to do sth. (某人)做某事是疯狂的be crazy on/about doing sth. 对做某事狂热be crazy for sth. 渴望某物be crazy for sb. 迷恋某人be crazy with 因而发疯drive sb. mad/crazy使某人发疯craziness n.狂热,疯狂crazily adv.
8、疯狂地like crazy (口语)发狂似的11. make a list (of) 造表take off the list 从表上去掉stand first on the list 居首位,名列前茅v. 把排列成表;列举12. go through (1) 穿过,通过(2) 翻找,搜寻(3) 通过,成功(4) 审阅,检查(5) 经历(困难,痛苦等)13. hide away (1)躲藏,隐匿;(2)藏,隐藏精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载14. a series of 一系列的 ;一连串的 ;一
9、套(丛书,邮票等)15. point n. 要点,点,论点,小数点,问题点,(时间)点,地点,特点,点(端),意义,得分v 指示,指着,对着,削尖point at/ to sb. /sth. 指着某人(某事物)的位置或方向Point sth. At/towards sb./sth.以某物瞄准或对着某人Point out 指出Be on the point of doing sth. 正要做某事There is no point (in) doing 没有必要(意义)做 To the point 中肯的,得要领的Off the point 离题的Point of view观点,着眼点16. fa
10、ce to face 面对面地face-to-face面对面的heart to heart坦诚地shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地back to back 背靠背地hand in hand手拉手地arm in arm臂挽臂地side by side并排地;并肩地step by step逐步地17. on purpose故意;有意地for the purpose 目的能否实现还不知道;with the purpose of 表示目的能实现18. in order to do sth. 目的是 ,以便 , 为了精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -
11、 - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载In order not to do sth. (否定形式)to, in order to, so as to :三者后接动词原形, 作目的状语的用法一致, 但 so as to 不可用于居首引导目的状语,只可用于句中。19. dare vt. 意为“敢, 胆敢,敢于面对”aux. 意为“敢, 胆敢”。 常用于否定句,疑问句或条件从句中。(1) 作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态变化,后接动词原形。(2) 作行为动词时后接to do ,否定句,疑问句中to 可以省略。20. set about (doing) sth. 着手(做
12、)某事Set off 动身;出发;引爆,燃放Set out 出发;着手做Set up 竖起;创设,开办Set forward提出;拨快(钟表)21. get + 宾语现在分词让 一直做某事get + 宾语动词不定式让做某事get + 宾语形容词副词让处于某种状态get + 宾语介词短语让 做某事;让 处于某种状态22. pay for 为付款pay sb. for为付款给某人pay money for为付款pay sb. money for=pay money to sb. for为付款给某人pay sb. money to do sth. 付款让某人做某事23. It (This) is/w
13、as the first (second, third) time that sb. have/had done sth. 某人第一(二,三 )次做某事。 That 引导的从句中的时态需用完成时态。24. It is/was + +that/who + 其他成分的强调句型精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载(1) 强调主语: it was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. (2) 强调宾语: it was Li Ming
14、that/who I met at the railway station yesterday. (3) 强调地点状语: it was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. (4) 强调时间状语: it was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 25. happen to do 碰巧,恰好做(某事)26. It s no use/good/need doing sth. It s not any use/good/need doing sth.做某事没有用
15、处好处必要It s of little use/good/need doing sth. 27. suffer from sth. 苦于;患 病suffering u.n. 痛苦;c.n. 苦难,常用复数28. (1) find + 宾语形容词副词介词短语(2) find 宾语现在分词(宾语与现在分词所表示的动作之间是主谓关系,表示动作的进行或持续)(3) find 宾语过去分词(过去分词所表示的动作与宾语之间时动宾关系,表示动作的被动,完成)(4)find + 宾语名词( 5 ) 如果变成被动语态,那么宾语就变成了主语,宾补变成了主补。He was found cheating in the
16、 examination. ( 6 ) 在 find it + adj. +to do sth. 中 it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式(短语)。29. (1)with + 名词(代词)形容词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载She used to sleep with the windows open. (2)with 名词(代词)副词With Mr. Smith away, weve got more room.(3) with 名词(代词)介词短语The man was walki
17、ng on the street, with a book under his arm. (4) with 名词(代词)动词不定式With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. (5) with 名词(代词)现在分词In some parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person. (6) with 名词(代词)过去分词The murderers was brought in, with his hands tied
18、 behind his back. (7) with 名词(代词)名词He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 30. get along/on with 31. fall in love / be in love(with sb.) give/send sb. ones love 向某人致(爱)意32. give /offer advice to sb. ask sb. for advice follow /take (act on) sbs adviceadvice on/about advise ab. against劝告某人不要advis
19、e sb. to do sth. advise sb. that sb. (should) do advise sb. on精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载advise doing 33. make an effort make every effort to do sth. / at doing sth. make great efforts without effort 毫不费力地,轻松地spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事effortless adj. 不需
20、要努力的34. before (1) 强调从句动作发生在主句动作之前,意为“不等就”(2) 在”It +be+ 时间段 +before 从句” 中,意为“ 之后才 ”(3) 在”It +be的否定形式 long + before 从句” 中,意为“不久就”(4) 在特定的情境中,意为“趁着 ”35. make oneself done 使自己被 Would you please make yourself known to us? make sb./sth. do sth. make+ 名词名词“使 称为”make+ 名词形容词“使怎么样”36. should(n t) have done 本
21、(不)应该做而实际上没有(已)做must have done准是已经做过(推测)cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过may/might have done或许已经做过could have done本来可以做(却未做)would have done本来要做(却没有做)neednt have done 本来没必要做(却做了)ought to have done (=should have done) 本应该做而实际上没有做37. have sth. to do with 与有关精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,
22、共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载have nothing to do with.与没有关系have a lot to do with与有很大关系38. 现在进行时表示将来时: arrive, come, go , get, have, leave, return, sleep, stay, start, travel, work, play, wear, give, move等。39. 符合形容词的常见结构:(1) adj. +n. +ed middle-aged warm-hearted (2) adj. + doing good-looking easy-going (3) adv. +doi
23、ng hard-working well-meaning (善意的)(4) n. +doing peace-loving English-speaking (5) n. +done man-made heart-left (由衷的 ) (6) adv. +done well-educated newly-built (7) n. +adj. snow-white life-long (8) num.+n.+adj. twelve-year-old (9) num.+n.+ed three-legged one-eyed (10) num.+n. ten-speed second-hand 精选
24、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载40. do with (1)表示“与 .有关,和有业务关系” ,常用结构; have to do with , be to do with. 例:Her job is to do with telephones. Have sth. to do with 与有关Have nothing to do with 与没有关系Have a lot to do with 与有很大关系(2) “处理,处置,对付,对待(某人)”,时常与疑问词 what 搭配。41. There
25、was a time when “曾经有一段时间”42. Spellbinding adj. 使入迷的;迷人的Spellbound adj. 入迷的A spellbinding performance 迷人的表演43. Power n. (1) 体力,智力,能力(2) 统治,政权(3) 动力,电力( u.n. )in power 执政lose power 丧失政权a power struggle 权力斗争take/seize power 掌握政权world powers 世界列强an allied power 同盟国an enemy power 敌对国a super power 超级大国pow
26、er failure 停电a power plant/station 发电站a power point 插座come to power 掌权beyond/out of one s power = not within one s power(s) 力所不能及的,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载不能胜任的44. power, strength, force, ability, energy (1) power 用途最广,用于各种身心的,隐藏的,外显的力。(2) strength体力。是内部的能力,是在身体组织内存在的体力。(3) force 力。指活动的力, 是 strength所展示出来的力, 外部的力;常被作“势(武)力”用。(4) ability能力。指完成某事的力。(5) energy精力。指人内在的活力。例:Have you read that work of great power? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 12 页