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1、图表作文和应用文图表作文和应用文1. 对比分析,寻找数据的变化规律 图表作文通常要论述某个论点,因此,所提供的数据资料一般都是有规律的.但这些数据是一些零散的信息,需要我们总结和归纳.关键就是对比数据之间的关系,包括横向和纵向的比较:从横向看,同一类(如事物A)数据随时间变化是升还是降,升降的幅度多大;从纵向看,不同类别(如事物A、B、C)的变化是相似还是相反,从中寻找规律.以91.6 CET-4: Changes in Peoples Diet in China 为例(表1). 2. 筛选数据 图表提供的资料数据是否需要在文中一一列出?应选择或忽略哪些数据?引用数据的目的在于更有力地阐述论点
2、,就像论据有主次,数据也应选择具有典型性和代表性的数据一样,不必一一列出.以表1为例,列出1986-1990每一年grain的消费量只会显得繁琐、重点不突出. 试试这句话:The percentage of grain consumption decreased gradually, from 49 per cent in 1986 to 45 per cent in 1990. 简明扼要地说明变化趋势是递减,两端数据49%和45%足已说明变化趋势.又如milk和meat的变化,都说明同一观点:人们的经济收入增加了,生活水平提高了,能够消费得起价格较高的肉奶食品. 这样,描述milk的变化后,
3、就不必重复meat的变化.简单一句The same is the case with meat.即可.或者直接计算出增加值或减少值,如:The amount of grain in peoples diet has decreased by 4%. However, the amount of milk has increased 3% and that of meat has increased 4%. 总之,挑选有说服力的数据,主要是首尾两端数字或其增减值. 3. 强调数据间的关系,突出变化 发现数据的变化规律,引用了典型数据,还须进一步强调突出这种变化,使论证更有力.以 Student
4、Use of Computer为例,有学生写到:But in 2000, students spent nearly 20 hours per week on the computer. This number was ten times that of 1990 and five times that of 1995. 像这样用倍数或比例更能说明问题,给人留下深刻印象. 4. 使用主题句 无论写作或阅读都强调主题句(topic sentence).主题句是能高度概括文章段落中心内容或主题思想的句子,通常位于段首或段尾.图表作文的主题句最好放在段首,使其既能提纲挚领又能起到衔接的作用,使文章思
5、路清晰,过渡自然. 通常第一段的主题句都表示发生了某种变化.例如: (1) Great changes have been taking place in (eg. peoples diet, student use of computer.) from (eg. 1995 to 2000). (91.6, 2002.6 CET-4) (2) In recent years, the time students using computers has increased greatly. (2002.6 CET-4) 第二段分析引起变化的因素,主题句通常表示引起这种变化的原因有几点.例如: (
6、1) There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change. (2) Such changes are mainly caused by two reasons. 第三段总结归纳或提出问题,很简短.例如: (1) In short, with the improvement of peoples living standards, changes in their diet will be greater and more obvious. (91.6 CET-4: 预测未来变化趋势) (2) There is sure to
7、 be a lot of problems in student use of computer, however. (2002.6 CET-4: 提出问题)5. 常用句式、词汇 1) 总括性描述 As can be seen from the table, great changes have been taking place in . From the above table it can be seen that. As it is shown in the table,. According to the graph, . It is clear from the table tha
8、t . The survey shows/suggests that . According to the figures given in the table . A study showed . As you may see from the diagram,. The two charts above tell us something about .3) 分析原因 There are chiefly two reasons for the changes. .is mainly caused by . This directly relates to the problem of (t
9、he worlds food, housing, job shortage.) What caused these changes? . The reasons that caused changes are diverse. On the one hand, .On the other hand, . The rapid growth of . owes much to. lie in lead to 4) 总结归纳 Through the analysis, we can draw a conclusion that . In short, . Steps should be taken
10、to . To solve the problem of ., we . From all the facts given above, we can see . Taking the advantages and disadvantages together into consideration, I believe.范文As is shown in the table, there have been great changes in peoples diet between 1986 and 1990. From the table, we can find that grain, fo
11、rmerly the main food of most Chinese people, is now playing a less important role in peoples diet. And the same goes for fruit and vegetables. On the other hand, the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk and meat has increased rapidly. What has caused these changes? There are mainly three
12、reasons. (6) First, people are much wealthier than before. (7) With higher income, they can afford to buy nutritious foods. (8) Second, people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (9) Lack of certain amount of meat or milk, for example, will result in poor health. (10) Fi
13、nally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk, which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities.(11) Although milk and meat are important to ones health, eating too much rich food may result in obesity and may other diseases. (12)Therefore, people should not only eat a lot of mil
14、k and meat, but also enough grain, fruit and vegetable for the sake of their health.We can see from this chart that the average number of hours a student spends on the computer per week has increased sharply. In 1990, it was less than 2 hours; and in 1995, it increased to almost 4 hours; while in 20
15、00, the number soared to 20 hours. Obviously, computers are becoming more and more popular.Why do Students nowadays tend to use computers more and more? There are several reasons for this. (6)First, computers facilitate us in more aspects of life. (7) Also, the fast development of the Internet enlar
16、ges our demands for using computers. (8) We can easily contact with friends in remote places through the Internet. (9)Besides, the prices of computers are getting lower and lower, which enables more students to purchase them. (10)Along with the time spent on computers, there arise some problems. (11
17、)The most serious one is that many students are spending so much time playing PC games so that they ignore their studies. (12)It is urgent to let the students use computers in a proper way.应用文应用文是大学英语四级写作考试的一个重要组成部分，形式包括书信、启事、通知、演讲等。应用文较之一般说明文和议论文，与生活、社会联系更紧密，格式、行文习惯更有规矩。无论使用哪种应用文，都必须按其各自规范化的约定俗成的格式
18、来写，不能随意杜撰。以往四级写作考过的应用文有抱怨信、建议信、问候信、见证书、导游介绍、竞选学生会主席演讲稿和招募志愿者启事等。书信格式：英语书信，在形式上可分为下面六个部分：信头 (The Heading)：包括发信人地址和写信日期。收信人 (Inside Address)：包括收信人姓名、地址。3. 称谓 (The Salutation or Greeting)：如Dear Sir/Madam。称呼后一般加逗号。4. 正文 (The Body)：信的主要部分，包括写信人所要表达叙述的事情。5. 结束语 (The Complimentary Close)如Yours sincerely/tr
19、uly/faithfully等。1. 6. 签名 (The Signature)。英语四级书信写作只需写正文即可。下面是一份申请转专业的信。A Letter of Application1. 我是大二学生(sophomore)，现申请从自动化系转到商务管理系2. 申请的主要原因3. 对转系带来的麻烦表示歉意，并希望有关领导能同意我的申请Dear Sir/Madam,(试卷上此称谓已有，考生不用再写)I am a sophomore with major in Automation. Though I have made a great progress during my first year
20、 academic training, I find that I am more interested in Business Administration. Now I am writing to you to formally request to switch to this area of study. (写信目的)The main reason for my decision is that the major I am studying in is my parents choice. They insisted that I should study what they had
21、 learned before but after a years study I have come to realize this is not the career I want to pursue in my future life. Besides, I have attended business classes as my optional course and achieved a good success, which further confirms my decision.(理由)I am sorry for any inconvenience or trouble th
22、at might have been caused by this change. The decision is not made lightly. I do appreciate your kind consideration and sincerely hope you will grant me the shift to the new department.(结尾)(下面部分考生也不用写)Yours sincerelyZhang MingVolunteers Needed1.校学生会将组织一次暑假志愿者活动，现招募志愿者2.本次志愿者活动的目的、内容、安排等3.报名条件及联系方式As
23、 the summer holiday is approaching, the Student Union will organize a voluntary program and is now recruiting volunteers. This program will focus on teaching farmers children at Guan Ming School. It aims to instill confidence, independence and optimism into the pupils and to help them improve their
24、English. Through participating in the activity, volunteers can gain teaching experience. Volunteers will give lessons in the morning and organize after-class activities in the afternoon. The program will start on July 15th and end on July 30th. The Student Union will arrange buses to take you to the
25、 school. We need 30 local students who are warm-hearted and good at English. Fellow students that meet the requirements and want to take part in the activity please call us at 87654321 or email us at . You are welcome to join us!(竞选学生会主席演讲稿)A Campaign Speech1. 你认为自己具备什么条件(能力、性格、爱好)可以胜任学生会主席工作。2. 如果当
26、选，你将会为本校同学做什么？Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen: Thank you for coming to this election campaign today. With the trust and complete support of my team, I am delighted to announce that I am running for chairman of the Student Union.As a diligent man with pleasant personality, I have been always consi
27、dered to be a good team member. Meanwhile, as a big fan of sports I fully realize the importance of teamwork and advocate the spirit of being quicker and stronger. I possess strong determination to take firm steps toward achieving the objectives of my team. In addition, my working experience with th
28、e Student Union in the past two years will be extremely helpful to my future work here if I get elected. (导游介绍)A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction1.Your role: a tour guide2.Your audience: a group of foreign tourists3.Your introduction should include: some welcoming words; the schedule for t
29、he day; a description of the place the tourists will be visiting (e.g. a scenic spot or a historical site, etc.) You should make the introduction interesting and the arrangements for the day clear to everybody. Good morning, ladies and gentleman, welcome to Beijing. Now, I would like to introduce my
30、self: My Name is Li Ming, a tourist guide from China Travel Service and its great honor to stay here with all of you for a whole day. I wish all of you enjoy yourselves during this trip. Here is the schedule of the day. The first spot we are going to visit is the Great Wall, the grandest fortificati
31、on in ancient China. The next sight to look around is the Ming Tombs, which is one of the best-preserved tombs for 13 emperors in Ming Dynasty more than one thousand years ago. In the afternoon, we will go for the Summer Palace, the royal park for Chinese ancient emperors. Currently we are on the wa
32、y to the Great Wall. Dating back to the seven century B.C., the Great Wall is constructed by respective states for fortifying against invasion of neighboring states. By the reasons of long history and its length, it becomes one of the eight wonders in the world and represents the highest wisdom and
33、crafts. From the top of the Great Wall, we can enjoy a magnificent view of continuous mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. It is no doubt that one says, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man”。This is my introduction to the Great Wall. If you have any questions, plea
34、se feel free to ask me at any time.A sign of a really strong organization is that it can change its leadership without hindering its progress and without damaging its values. If I am elected, I believe I have the capability to lead the Union to advance in the right direction. I will cooperate well w
35、ith my fellow members of the Union and take innovative measures, including establishing a student-information center, forming a teacher-student-friendship association, to make the Union a true assistance to students study and life here as well as a bridge of communication between teachers and studen
36、ts.Thank you very much for your attention. Directions: The Students Union of your department is planning an English Speaking Contest. Write an announcement which covers the following information: 1)the purpose of the contest, 2)time and place of the contest, 3)what is required of the candidates, 4)d
37、etails of the judges and awards. You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the announcement. Use Department of English instead. (10 points)English-Speaking ContestTo improve students ability to speak English and enrich after-class activities, the Stu
38、dents Union of Department of English is organizing a school-wide English-speaking contest to be held on Saturday next week at the Students Recreational Center. Those who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before Thursday this week. Six overseas teachers
39、 will be invited to be the judges. The first six winners will be given awards. Everybody is welcome to be present at the contest.The Students UnionDepartment of EnglishDirections:You learned that Ms. Wang was helping you dealing with office matters during your sick leave. Write a letter of appreciat
40、ion to her to express your thanks. Your letter should include:1)what you heard of what Wang did,2)the reason for your thanks,3)the favor youd like to offer.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need t
41、o write the address. (10 points)Dear Ms. Wang,Im told that you were the good-hearted soul who kept my desk from overflowing during my sick leave while still keeping up your own work!I had been expecting the chaos once I returned to my office, but instead I was able to start back with a clear desk. I
42、 am most appreciative of everything you did for me. I dont know if this is a compliment or not, but you did things just as I would have done!In order that I can ever return the favor, do receive my heartfelt thanks and come to my house for dinner this Friday evening. Yours truly,Li MingDear Mr. Smit
43、h,I am writing to convey my warm congratulations on your appointment to the Board of Asia Industries Ltd.My colleagues and I are delighted that the years of service you have given to your company should at last have been rewarded in this way and we join in sending you our very best wishes for the fu
44、ture.Dear Mr. Smith,I am writing to you just to tell you how very much I appreciate the warm welcome you extended to my wife when she visited your country last week.The help and advice you gave her, and the introductions you arranged for her, have resulted in a number of very useful meetings and I s
45、hould like you to know how very grateful I am for all you have done to make them possible.I realize the value of time to a busy person like you and this makes me all the more appreciative of the time you so generously gave to her. Dear Miss Smith,My brother Peter will be staying with us for a few da
46、ys during the Christmas holidays and my wife and I have planned a family dinner for him next Saturday evening at seven oclock so that he can meet some of our friends. We should be delighted if you could join us. I hope you will let me know that you can come.Dear Sir,The bearer of this letter is Mr.
47、John Smith, our manager for the sales and marketing department. Mr. Smith will be spending two months in New York in order to develop our business with suitable firms.We shall be most grateful if you will introduce him to reliable business people and give him any help or advice he may need. We feel
48、that with your experience and connections and your knowledge of the trade you are the best person we know who is able to do this. We shall very much appreciate your help and look forward to the opportunity of reciprocating when you come to our city.Dear Sirs,On 5th October I bought one of your expen
49、sive “Apollo” fountain pens from Julians, a big department store of this town. Unfortunately I have been unable to use the pen because it leaks and fails to write without making blots. I am very disappointed with my purchase.On the advice of Julians manager I am returning the pen to you and enclose
50、it with this letter for correction of the fault. Please arrange for the pen to be fixed or replace it with a new one and send it to me as soon as possible.Dear Sir,Thank you for your letter of 9th October enclosing the defective “Apollo” fountain pen, received today. We very much regret that the pen