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1、Qingming Scrolllanguage points清明上河图Zhang Zeduans Qingming Scroll is a masterwork of Chinese art. Painted on afive-metre-long silk scroll, it offers an important insight into life in China in the12th century. It is commonly believed that the city described in the painting is Bianjing (present-day Kai
2、feng), the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The ancient scroll has survived the test of time remarkably well, and is currently housed in thePalace Museum in Beijing.张择端的清明上河图是中国艺术的杰作。此画为五米绢本长卷，它对于我们洞悉12世纪中国的生活面貌是极其重要的。人们通常认为，画中描绘的城市是汴京(今开封)，即北宋的都城。这幅古老画卷历经沧桑依旧完好，现藏于北京故宫博物院。The scroll consists o
3、f three main sections.The first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work.The second section shows the riverbanks and the central bridge alive with activity as boats sail in and out of Bianjin
4、g. Civilians can also be seen walking through the city gate in both directions.The third and final section pictures life inside the city itself.Here,hundreds of people from all walks of life, including butchers,hairdressers and government officials,can be seen going about their daily business. The c
5、ombination of these three sections gives the viewer an idea of what life was like for the people of Bianjing.全画可分为三部分。第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。第二部分则展现了熙熙攘攘的河岸和中心桥，往来京城的船只穿梭着。城门处能看到进进出出的百姓。第三部分，同时也是最后一部分，描绘了城内的生活。我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人，肉贩、理发匠、官差，都在忙着各自的营生。三部分综合起来，观者便可对当时汴京人的生活状况有一大致了解。1. T
6、he first section presents a peaceful scene of rural life near Bianjing, featuring crop fields, a river winding through the landscape, and farmers hard at work. 第一部分展现了汴京近郊恬静的乡村生活，重点描绘了农田、 蜿蜒而过的河流和辛勤劳作的农民。 wind v. has many smooth bends and is usually very long 蜿蜒，迂回 to turn part of a machine around s
7、everal times, in order to make it move or start working 上发条 to turn or twist something several times around something else 缠绕eg The river winds its way between two meadows. Did you remember to wind the clock? The hair is divided into sections and wound around heated rods.2. Here, hundreds of people
8、from all walks of life, including butchers, hairdressers and government officials, can be seen going about their daily business. 我们能看到数以百计各行各业的人，肉贩、理发匠、官差， 都在忙着各自的生活。 go about: continue to do sth.; keep busy with sth. 继续做某 事，忙于某事 to start to work at sth. 做、干（某事）；着手， 着手进行 to meet someone often and sp
9、end a lot of time with them 和结交，和相好eg It is said that a housewife goes about her daily routine knowing nothing about the outside world, but I dont think so. You are not going about the job in a proper way. Hearing the news that Sam stole something from his neighbor, my parents prevented me from goin
10、g about with him.【联想】 go after 追求，设法得到 go against 违反；对不利go ahead 开始（做某事）；进行；往前走 go by 经过；根据来判断go over 研究，检查；复习go through审阅，检查；翻找，搜寻；经历（困难、痛苦等）【语境应用】用以上短语的适当形式完成下列句子。1) Dear, it does no good to _ bareheaded when its raining.2) The manager _ the plans again and discovered two mistakes.3) The children
11、were scared to _ their fathers wishes.4) Please dont _ what he said just now! His taste in painting is poor.5) When youre _ a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.go about / go aheadwent over go againstgo bygoing throughZhangs amazing artistic technique is apparent all across the scroll.Using i
12、nk on silk, he creates realistic images of scenery,buildings and people, and displays a remarkable mastery of perspective.The most impressive aspect of the painting, however, is probably Zhangs precise brushwork.This well-developed ability, as well as the scrolls ambitious size, allows Zhang to show
13、 an enormous amount of detail- you could study the painting for hours and still discover something new.显然，张择端在整幅画中表现了他高妙的艺术技巧。他施墨于绢，落笔之处，风景、建筑、人物，无不逼真传神，同时展现出对透视法的精通。不过，此画最引人注目之处当是其精准细腻的笔法。凭借高超的技艺，以及恢宏的画幅，画家刻画了海量的细节，哪怕端详几个小时，你还是会有新的发现。Thanks to all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides a co
14、mprehensive look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty. It reveals a great deal about the12th-century Chinese customs, clothing, transportation methods, business practices, and a wide range of buildings, such as temples, teahouses and government structures. At first sight,the overall scene of lif
15、e in the capital city appears peaceful and cheerful.However, some critics suggest that on closer inspection,the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. 多亏这些精准的细节，清明上河图全面展示了北宋时期的生活景象。它透露了 12 世纪中国在民俗、服饰、交通方式、商业活动，以及诸如庙宇、茶馆、政府设施等种类繁多的建筑方面的诸多细节。乍看上去，京城生活总体上安宁而欢愉。然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这
16、幅画其实揭露了严重的政治和社会问题。3. However, some critics suggest that on closer inspection, the painting actually exposes serious political and social problems. 然而，有评论家指出，细心观察，这幅画其实揭露了严重的 政治和社会问题。 expose vt. to show the truth about someone or something, especially when it is bad 揭露，揭穿 to show something that is us
17、ually covered or hidden 暴露，显露 to make it likely that someone will experience something harmful or unpleasant 使遭受；使接触eg He did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone. He damaged his leg so badly in the accident that the bone was exposed. About 800,000 children are exposed to poisons ea
18、ch year.【归纳】 expose sth. 揭露; 显露出某事物 expose sth./ sb./ oneself to 使某事/某人/自己暴露/显露在中 expose sb. to sth. 让某人接触某物 be exposed to 被暴露于【提示】 expose sth. to和be exposed to中的to是介词。后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。【拓展】 exposed adj. 暴露的，无遮掩的 exposure n. 暴露；揭露【语境应用】完成句子。1) He lifted his T-shirt to _ across his chest. 他撩起 T 恤衫露出胸口
19、上的伤疤。2) The newspaper story _ a liar. 报纸上的这篇报道揭发他是个骗子。3) All _ should be covered with protective cream. 所有露在外面的皮肤都应该涂上防护霜。4) _ to lead is known to damage the brains of young children. 众所周知，接触铅对幼儿的大脑有害。expose the scarexposed him asexposed skinExposureSome boats carrying food do not seem to belong to
20、the government, which suggests that the government has lost control of food supplies and transportation.Also in the painting are soldiers who appear to ignore their duties. There are some less obvious indicators of trouble too. For example, in the centre of the scroll, a boat is in danger of crashin
21、g into the bridge. These sorts of details point to a crisis developing in the city. In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. About twenty years after the painting was completed,it was overthrown.有些运粮船看上去不像官船，这意味着官府已失去了对粮食供应和运输的控制。画中有些官兵似乎疏于职守。此外还有一些不好的苗头，不太容易察觉。比如，画卷中部有一艘船眼看就
22、要撞到桥上。种种细节都预示着某种危机正在京城中酝酿。事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。这幅画完成约20年后，北宋覆灭。4. In fact, the Northern Song Dynasty was in decline by this stage. 事实上，当时的北宋王朝已经在走下坡路了。 decline n. a decrease in the quality, quantity, or importance of something 衰退，衰落，减少，下降 vi. & vt. to gradually become less, worse, or lower 减少，下降， 衰退，
23、衰落 to say no politely when someone invites you somewhere, offers you something, or wants you to do something 谢绝eg The company reported a small decline in its profits. The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year. Mary declined a hot drink and went to her room.【归纳】 1) fall into (a)
24、decline 开始衰退/下降 in decline 在下降/衰退 economic decline 经济衰退 2) decline by 下降了 decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事 decline ones invitation 拒绝某人的邀请【语境应用】单句语法填空。1) We asked her to the reception, but she _ _ _ (谢绝了这个邀请).2) He _ _ _ _ _ (拒绝讨论他的计划) with us.3) Thankfully, this is a disease that is now _ _ _ (在衰退中).on the
25、 decline declined the invitation declined to discuss his plan Zhangs timeless scroll is an important example of realism in the history of Chinese paintings. Its value is down not only to its great scale, artistic quality and attention to detail,but also to its representation of daily life.Such is it
26、s worth that several later emperors even asked the most talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll. Some of these copies are now regarded as precious works of art in their own right. With the Qingming Scroll,Zhang made an outstanding contribution to Chinese art and greatly influenced
27、 generations of future artists.张择端这幅不朽之作是中国绘画史上现实主义的重要典范。它的价值不仅在千画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，更在于其对日常生活的再现。其价值之高，以至后世有多位皇帝令当时最有才华的画家加以临摹。其中有些摹本现今自身亦被视为艺术珍品。张择端以这幅清明上河图对中国艺术做出了卓越贡献，也深刻影响着后世一代又一代的艺术家。5. Its value is down not only to its great scale, artistic quality and attention to detail, but also to its represen
28、tation of daily life. 它的价值不仅在于画幅宏大，艺术性高，注重细节，更在于其 对日常生活的再现。 be down to: to be caused by a particular person or thing 由引起（或造成） eg She claimed her problems were down to the media. The original scroll is still in one piece despite its age, but it is extremely delicate. Because of this, it is not often
29、displayed to the public. The last time it was on exhibition, crowds waited in line for hours for the rare chance to see the famous painting with their own eyes. The publics continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll, even after all these centuries, speaks volumes about the power of this historic
30、 piece of art.尽管年代久远，此画原作仍然完好，但已极为脆弱。有鉴于此，它很少公开示人。上一次展出时，观众为了这个一睹名画真容的难得机遇，不惜排几个小时的队。甚至在几个世纪之后，公众对清明上河图仍热情不减，这足以证明这幅历史名画的魅力。6. The publics continued enthusiasm about the Qingming Scroll, even after all these centuries, speaks volumes about the power of this historic piece of art. speak volumes about: gives a lot of information about 充分说 明，清楚表明 eg What you wear speaks volumes about you.