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1、国家开放大学学位英语考试复习-管理英语3阅读练习及参考答案（学位）-正文内容开始- 阅读下面的短文，并从A, B, C, D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，并把答案序号填写在空白处。 Passage 1 Human Resources Management (HRM) is the process of managing people and their relationships in an organization. These two processes are important in the success and growth of a business. In managing p
2、eople, staffing is the most important component of HRM. It needs to make guidelines and procedures for hiring and placement. Staffing also involves the management of employees on matters like monitoring of holidays, absences, health and safety, disciplinary action, and dismissal. Another important e
3、lement of HRM in managing people is keeping the employees in the company. The training of employees to enable them to improve their career development is very important. Good HRM policies ensure that there are clear regulations which show the pay levels for the different positions in an organization
4、. It is important for the staff to know the career path, pay, training and other opportunities that are available to them. Performance management is another important component of HRM. The reason for this is that many employers use it to evaluate career improvement and to determine pay increases. Th
5、e secondary role of HRM is the management of the relationships among people in an organization. This includes staff within departments as well as across the whole organization. The relationship between staff and management is an important factor in the success of an organization. It decides how fast
6、 an organization will realize their goals. The focus of HRM is the people within an organization. Regular planning, monitoring and evaluation are important for the success of HRM. Successful management ensures that all employees know their role, career development and also feel part of an organizati
7、on. 1. Human Resources Management involves the management of _. A. people B. peoples relationships C. pay D. people and their relationships 2. _ is not mentioned for staffing. A. holidaysB. health and safety C. disciplinary actionD. training The underlined word “evaluate” in the 3rd paragraph means
8、_. A. improveB. assess C. ensureD. enable 4.The focus of HRM is the _ within an organization. A. staffB. performance C. management D. the board of directors 5. The passage mainly talks with_. A. teamwork spirit B. talents and goals C. managing people as well as their relationships D. career path Pas
9、sage 2 To save money, you simply need to spend less than you earn. It is easy to say, but why is it so difficult to do? To answer this question, you need to study the factors that keep you spending all the time. Easy access to credit For most people, this is the biggest reason for overspending. Peop
10、le can easily get a credit card, simply by filling out a short form in a bank or going to their website. They can borrow money from banks to go shopping, even buy cars or houses. When you arent physically handing someone money or a check for a purchase, you will feel you are spending free money or y
11、ou arent spending money at all. Try using cash to get your spending under control. Misusing credit cards A credit card is an interest free short-term loan. When used as planned, this can be a powerful financial tool. The problem is when you begin to let the balance continue from month to month. If y
12、ou make a $200 purchase on your credit card and find out that at the end of the month you cant afford to repay the full amount, this is when the high interest rates on the cards really begin to hurt you. That is no way of saving money. Giving in to temptation We all need to enjoy life, but dont wast
13、e your financial future for a few guilty pleasures today if they arent in your budget. When you know that you cant afford an activity, dont give in. Instead, invite your friends over for a home dinner party, game night, or some other activities where you can still enjoy time together, but without br
14、eaking your budget. 1. According to the passage, what is the main reason most people overspend? A. Too much temptation. B. Easy access to credit cards. C. Easy access to online shopping. D. Too easy way to borrow money from friends. 2. Which of the following statements regarding a credit card is NOT
15、 correct? A. It helps to make ends meet. B. It is an interest free short-term loan. C. It is a powerful financial tool. D. An application should be made. 3. What is recommended if we cant afford an activity? A. Giving in to the temptation. B. Simply giving it up. C. Inviting your friends over for it
16、. D. Spending money as you like. 4. What does the underlined word “budget” in the last paragraph mean? A. pocketB. activity C. financial tool D. financial plan 5. Who will benefit most from the passage? A. Those who dont know how to make money. B. Those who dont know how to use credit cards. C. Thos
17、e who want to save money, but enjoy life. D. Those who want to save money, but cant make ends meet. Passage 3 To minimize traffic jams in the city center and on major roads out of Sydney, the citys Highway Department will not agree to road closures scheduled for weekdays or Saturdays. On minor roads
18、 outside the city center, weekdays and Saturdays may be considered. You must apply for approval to do roadwork and other road-related activities, tree cutting and use of very large construction machinery, ladders, etc. Please note that approval is needed if you plan to block the road or footpath. Ap
19、plications to have a road closed to traffic must be completed and sent to the Departments Traffic Calming Committee at least a month before the scheduled date. Roads can be closed partially or fully, depending on your requirements. Partial road closures are only allowed in light traffic areas where
20、there will be at least 1 lane for traffic with extra traffic control measures to make sure 2-way traffic can continue to run for the duration of the work. Any change of traffic flow will require the proposal to be treated as a full road closure. For further information about a partial road closure,
21、please refer to Contacts. If you are organizing a parade, march or other type of street-based event, approval is also required and we recommend you choose one of our 4 preferred routes. Choosing an existing route reduces the amount of planning you will need to do. 1. Sydneys Highway Department will
22、agree to road closures planned for _ in the city center. A. SaturdaysB. Sundays C. weekdaysD. weekends 2. If you do any road-related activity, _. A. you must apply for approval by making a phone call. B. you must complete an application and send it to the citys Highway Department half a month earlie
23、r. C. you need to send your application to the Departments Traffic Calming Committee at least a month earlier. D. you dont need to apply for approval. 3. More information about a partial road closure can be found from _. A. the citys Highway DepartmentB. the city council C. Traffic Calming Committee
24、D. Contacts 4. The underlined word “parade” in the last paragraph means _. A. partyB. matchC. celebrationD. passion 5. The main idea of the passage is about _ in Sydney. A. road closure proceduresB. road conditionsC. traffic conditionsD. road repair procedures Passage 4 What often troubles food comp
25、anies is how to control problems like rats and insects without harming the food. Pest control experts say poisons should never be used where they may enter food and the first line of defense against pests is to clean the places where the food is handled or stored. Floors, food preparation surfaces a
26、nd tools can be disinfected with chemicals. Food containers should be stored about half a meter off the ground and half a meter away from any walls. Storage areas should be kept dry and clean. Containers for raw materials such as rice and wheat should be kept closed and clean. Any foodstuff split du
27、ring delivery or handling should be cleared up both inside and outside the building. Pests enter a building from the outside, so pay attention to outer walls. Small stones can be used to cover the ground and block the growth of plants and the grass should be kept short to deny pests a place to live.
28、 Check that doors and windows are completely closed. Also any hole that might allow pests to enter a building should be filled. Rats can enter through a hole the size of a coin. A mouse can pass through a hole half that size. Supervisors should make a list of pest control measures to be taken by emp
29、loyees. In most countries, there is a food and drug administration bureau, or some agency with a similar name, which enforces rules nationwide, responsible for rules about the use of pesticides, etc. However, businesses where food is stored, prepared or sold must also follow state and local health l
30、aws. Most of these governmental departments or bureaus have websites with information about food safety policies and other issues. People can easily access the information. 1. Where should food containers be stored? A. On the floors. B. On the walls. C. Either off the floors or away from the walls.
31、D. Both off the floors and away from the walls. 2. What does the underlined word “deny” in Para. 3 mean? A. offer B. keep C. refuseD. help 3. Why are outer walls important? A. Stopping sunlight from entering a building from the outside. B. Preventing pests from entering a building from the outside.
32、C. Keeping moisture from entering a building from the outside. D. Being waterproof. 4. Where can people easily access the information about food safety policies? A. From the food companies. B. From pest control experts. C. From Government departments and bureaus. D. From the websites of Government d
33、epartments and bureaus. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to make food containers clean. B. How to prevent pests from entering the food. C. How to keep pests and chemicals from food storage. D. How to kill pests with poison. Passage 5 Door-knocking is the most effective way of making f
34、ace-to-face community contact, but it has become a lost art. With the recent focus on customer privacy, door-knocking seems like an intrusion into other peoples lives. But those who try it for the first time are usually surprised by the pleasant reception they receive. Here are some suggestions that
35、 will help you promote your services face-to-face. BEFORE YOU GO OUT ? Begin with a door hanger Try leaving a door hanger two days before you go door-knocking. It should briefly describe the project and say that someone will be around in person. ? Wear an official name tag Door-knockers should wear
36、name tags with the logo of their organization. The best name tags will also include a color photo and the name of the caller. WHEN YOU GO OUT ? When to go and what to do first The best times to knock are usually Saturdays. On other days, after dinner is ideal. When someone answers the door, smile an
37、d introduce yourself; say you are a volunteer and, if it helps, state where you live. Give the name of your organization and, briefly, the reason for the visit. ? State what action the other person should take and the benefits Tell the person what they need to do and how their actions will benefit t
38、hemselves and others. If a person hesitates, emphasize the benefits youve already mentioned and then, if necessary, add further benefits. If a person agrees, follow up immediately. If possible, get a donation, a signature, or a promise. ? Record contact information on the spot Record names, addresse
39、s, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and responses to questions on the spot. You wont remember them later! 1. Which of the following statements isnt mentioned in the description of door-knocking? A. A lost art. B. An invitation to dinner. C. A disturbance to peoples lives. D. The most useful way of m
40、aking face-to-face contact. 2. Which of the following items isnt included in the best name tags? A. The date of birth.B. The logo of the organization. C. The name.D. A color photo. 3. When is not a good time for door-knocking? A. On Saturday mornings.B. On Saturday afternoons. C. On weekdays before
41、dinner. D. On weekdays after dinner. 4. What does the underlined word “emphasize” mean? A. expressB. stress C. repeatD. require 5. What information should be written down when going door-knocking? A. Phone numbers.B. Names and addresses. C. Responses to questions. D. All of the above. Passage 6 A Qu
42、ality Management System（QMS）should clearly understand customers requirements, and provide good design, qualified production in an efficient way. When the Quality Management System fails to fulfill its function and customer requirements are not met, customers might be upset; management and employees
43、both might be unhappy, but its negative influence is not so widespread. Unluckily, some Quality Management System failures do make headlines. Here are two cases of famous quality management failures: The Ford Pinto is the most well-known and the worst disaster in the whole US automobile industry in
44、the 1970s. Apparently the whole US auto industry decided to spend the 1970s resting on their laurels after building great cars that sold well during the sixties. Not only were many cars built in the 1970s ugly and poorly designed, they also became very unreliable after 40-50 thousand miles. The Pint
45、o tops the list of QMS failures because of its dangerous design faults and the questionable ethical decisions made by top management. Apple almost lost its dominance in the smart phone market when it became clear that it was difficult to make a call using the much expected iPhone 4. Calls were sudde
46、nly stopped causing widespread dissatisfaction among loyal customers. Independent tests showed that touching the left side of the case at a certain spot interrupted the signal and dropped the call not a great feature for a handheld device mainly used to make calls. Meanwhile Apple continued to deny the problem. As the problem continued to make news headlines, Apple finally agreed to a “voluntary” recall to correct