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1、话题11：自然-基础知识Learning Objectives (学习目标):1. 通过对话题词汇归类，理解并识记自然话题词汇。（重点）2. 掌握重点词汇的用法。（难点）Step 1 话题词汇1. 天气clear, cloudless, light, fine, mild, bright, shine, sunshiny, hot, high, solar, tropical(热带的), cloud, cloudy, warm, warmth, dark, gloomy (阴暗的), decline, reduce, blow, breeze, cool, strong, wind, wind
2、y, lightning, damp/humid (潮湿的), pour, downpour/rain cats and dogs (倾盆大雨), mud, muddy, rainfall, storm, stormy, thunder, thunderstorm, wet, rainbow, chilly, freezing, freeze(froze, frozen), frost, frosty, hail(冰雹), ice, icy, snowy, sleet(雨夹雪), blizzard(暴风雪), snowfall, snowflake, cold, melt, mist(薄雾),
3、 fog, foggy, haze(霾),changeable, forecast,etc.2. 气候/季节atmosphere, climate, season, spring, summer, autumn (fall), winter, etc.3. 天气影响affect, influence, have an effect/impact on, blow down, damage, end up, strike, shock, ruin, etc.4. 自然灾害disaster/catastrophe(灾难), desertification (荒漠化), drought (干旱),
4、flood, hurricane, landslide (山体滑坡), sandstorm, tsunami (海啸), tornado (龙卷风), typhoon, erupt (喷发、爆发), violence, violent,etc.5. 自然资源naturally, water resources, mineral(矿物质), botanical (植物的), species, abundant (丰富的), ample (充足的), shade (暗处、阴凉处), rare, shadow, numerous, etc.6. 地球环境jungle (丛林), habitat(栖息
5、地), horizon, desert, ecosystem(生态系统), mountain range (山脉), ecological balance, surroundings, etc.7. 环境污染与破坏pollute, waste, radiate, poison, expose, exposure, disturb, disturbing, abuse (滥用), violate (违反), smelly, severe, severely, pest (害虫), disastrous (灾难性的), emission (排放物), consumption (消费), defor
6、estation (毁林), acid rain(酸雨), global warming, greenhouse effect, carbon-dioxide, soil loss, climate change, energy crisis, population explosion (人口激增), due to, etc.8. 垃圾和各种废物trash, litter, garbage, rubbish, plastic, landfill (垃圾填埋场), greenhouse gases, smog, etc.9. 缺乏与过度开发lack, worsen, overdevelop, l
7、essen, disappear, disappearance, endanger, short, shortage, extinct, extinction, excessive exploitation (过度开发), etc.10. 动植物保护与环境保护protect, sort, absorb, balance, measure, rescue, reserve (保留), advocate (提倡), overcome, alarm, urgent, attitude, meaningful, reward, benefit, significance, fade (逐渐消失), e
8、volution (进化), survive, survival, conservation, irrigation(灌溉), punish, punishment, harmony, garbage classification (垃圾分类), etc.11. 节约与循环利用reduce, recycle, reuse, circulate (循环), renewable (可更新的、可再生的), economize (节约), eco-friendly (环境友好的), low-carbon, alternative energy (替代能源、新能源), environmental-fri
9、endly, environmentally-aware, etc.Step 2 单句填空用所给词的正确形式填空。1. We should pay more attention to the rarewildanimalsthatare_(endanger) . 2. The worlds_(resource)arefinite(有限的).3.The level of _(pollute) in the river was falling.4.Lifein the forest has becomeastruggle for(survive). 5.We should pay attentio
10、n to the obvious(disappear) of common dolphins from the western Mediterranean in recent years.6.Vietnam is suffering from food (short) . 7. Such a diet is widely believed to offer (protect) against a number of cancers.8.Accurate(measure) is veryimportantinscience.9.Theydiscussedthestatistical(signif
11、icant)oftheresults. 10._ (poison) chemicalscan get intothewater supply and do harm to our health. Step 3 句子翻译1.这次展览的主题是环境保护。（2016年全国II卷） 2.如今，随着经济的发展，许多城市面临着严重的环境问题，这对人们的健康十分有害。 3. 该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。 4. 更重要的是，每个公民都应该意识到问题的严重性，共同努力保护我们的环境。 5众所周知，因为各种原因越来越多的动物处于极大的危险中。_ Step 4 Homework阅读下列短文，从每
12、题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2021 年全国甲卷英语试题）Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were del
13、ighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously were all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. Shes healthy, strong and already eager t
14、o play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. Its still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”The adorable fema
15、le calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His m
16、other, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.1.Which of the following best describes the breeding progr
17、amme?A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious.D. Successful.2.What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?A. She loves staying with her mother.B. She dislikes outdoor activities.C. She is in good condition D. She is sensitive to heat.3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?A. They h
18、ad their first born in January.B. They enjoyed exploring new placesC. They lived with their grandmothers.D. They were brought to the reserve young4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?A. The rhino section will be open to the public.B. It aims to control the number of the animals.C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.学科网（北京）股份有限公司