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1、.省略句定义：为了使语言简洁明了、重点突出或上下文紧密相连，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，这种语言现象称之为省略。 一、简单句中的省略 1省略主语（祈使句、客套语） (You) Open the door,please. (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。 (It)Doesnt matter.没关系。 2省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。 (There is) No smoking.禁止抽烟 (Is there)anything else ? 还有其他事吗 ？ (You come)This way please.请这边走。 (Will you) Have
2、 a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ？ 3省略宾语 Do you know Mr. Li ? I dont know (him.) 4省略表语 Are you thirsty ? Yes , I am (thirsty).5同时省略几个成分 Are you feeling better now? (I am feeling ) Much better (now) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .二、 不定式的省略，省略do1不定式跟在以下动词后面作宾语时：love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer, refuse, mean ,
3、 try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget , remember , try , manage You should have thanked her before you left . I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做，你可以这么做。 2不定式作宾补时：ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade
4、, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. She wants to come but her parents wont allow her to (come).3不定式给某些形容词作状语时：happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready I will be away on a business trip .Could you
5、mind looking after my cat ? Not at all.I would be happy to (look after your cat).4不定式在某些短语中：be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used toHe doesnt like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼，但过去喜欢。 三、不定式的省略，省略to 1主语部分有to do ,系动词 is 或 was 时 ，作表语的不定式通常省去to。 The only thing you have to do is press the butto
6、n. 2作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语，前面又有实义动词时，不定式通常省去to. He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence” timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外，什么也没有做。 3主语部分暗含to do，表语中的不定式通常省去to。All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .4当2个不定式并列时，后面的不定式可以省略to，但有对比关系时不可省略。It is easier to
7、say than to do . 说起来容易，做起来难。5在would ratherthan 等结构中，不定式符号常常要省略. I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。 6在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe 等词后作宾补时要省略to；why (not) do 结构中, 也省略了to。 I saw her enter the room. Why not join us ?四、并列句中的省略
8、在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。 The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman. Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework. Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in
9、 1963.五、状语从句中的省略 一般说来状语从句的省略现象多出现在下列五种情况中：由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句；由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句；由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句；由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句；由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be会省略掉。 If (it is) possible, he w
10、ill help you out of the difficulty.You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you 当从句和主句的主语一致时,可以将从句的主语和be动词省略掉。As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike. Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping. Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret. While (he was) a young b
11、oy, he was always ready to help others. Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director. As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop songHe wont go there with us unless (he is) invited. She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble. He had mastered the English langua
12、ge before (he was) in the USA. 当从句和主句的主语不一致时,从句部分要么完整写出来,要么用独立主格结构When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，那么从句中的“主语 + be”可省略。When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.来源:学。科。网If (you are)
13、 asked, you may come in. If (it is) necessary / possible . Ill explain it to you again.六、定语从句中的省略 1） 一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语时that ,which , whom 可以省略。 Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略： Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fel
14、l ill.( whom可以省) Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 2）当先行词是the way 时，从句不能用 how 来引导 ，应该用that 或 in which ，或将它们全部省略。 I dont like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her. 七、宾语从句中的省略1）引导词that 一般可以省略；但如果是that引导的2个并列的宾语从句 ，那么只有第一个that可以省略。I think (that) the reform of the renminbis exchang
15、e rate is necessary. He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.2）由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的宾语从句，可以全部或部分省略。I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I dont know when (he will come to our city).He wants to
16、 move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)4名词性从句中出现suggest ,request ,order ,advise，须用虚拟语气“should +do”，should可以省略。Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture Year (should) last long in various forms. 5主句省略多用于句首。 (It is a ) Pity that I didnt go to Marys birthday party yesterday.6在答语中，主句可全部省略。 Why were you absent from school last Friday ?I was absent from school)Because my mother was ill.6word学科网（北京）股份有限公司