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1、James Joyce: Biography Irish novelist and poet born in 1882 in Dublin, the son of a poverty-stricken civil servant. In 1898, studied in Dublins University College and graduated in 1902 Raised in the Roman Catholic faith, he broke with the church while he was in college H e a v y d r i n k e r / nume
2、rous patrons / eye problem anti-Philistine 3 great influences on Joyces writing: music (popular lyrics of Ireland) + Roman Catholicism + political and literary exileIn 1904 he left Dublin with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid whom he eventually married. They and their two children lived in Trieste, Ital
3、y, in Paris, and in Zrich, Switzerland, meagerly supported by Joyces jobs as a language instructor and by gifts from patrons. After 20 years in Paris, early in World War II, when the Germans invaded France, Joyce moved to Zrich, where he died on January 13, 1941 James Joyces work-Dubliners James Joy
4、ces first m a j o r w o r k w a s Dubliners, a collection of fifteen short stories dealing successively w i t h e v e n t s o f childhood, youth and adulthood. As the title indicated, Joyce made Ireland the focus of his stories. Joyce on Dubliners Dubliners: “a book about human fate as well as a ser
5、ies of sketches of Dublin” “My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the center of paralysis.” “he had to come directly to terms with the life he has rejected, to see it for what it was and for what it mean
6、t” “I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin, I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal.” “I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity and pu
7、blic life. The stories are arranged in this order.” “Whats the matter with you is that youre afraid to live. You and people like you. This city is suffering from hemiplegia paralysis of the will.” Dubliners is about peoples spiritual growth. All the characters in the stories struggle, in one way or
8、another with oppressive morality, personal frustrations, or restless desires. They are ordinary people involved in various minor yet meaningful events in everyday life. Often, these characters are on the brink of discovering something, such as loss, shame, failure, or death . wIn Dubliners, James Jo
9、yce made use of epiphany to show the complex emotion. At the end of the stories, the heroes suddenly understood their predicament, and then realized the essence of life.A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) Highly autobiographical second phrase“to come to terms with the meaning of his own d
10、evelopment as a man dedicated to writing” first draft Stephen Hero (1944)almost burned it 1911 presenting the relation between the artist and society in the modern world Highly modernist: stream-of-consciousness, confluence of naturalism and symbolism “It is a portrait, one of many that could have b
11、een painted: the novel focuses upon the growth of the protagonists mind, pursuing in a labyrinthine but progressive manner his quest for the liberated condition of the incipient artist. Also, since Stephen is to become an artist it is mandatory that his tale be told pictorially, that the reader perc
12、eive the wholeness of Joyces vision.”Importance of A Portrait The Modernist bildungsroman (novel of education) and kunstlerroman (novel of the making of an artist) Liberating style and themes The anguish and exhilaration of gaining power over language Develops through style as much as through plotUl
13、ysses (1922) The great modernist epic Mythic method: the past and the present Extends Joyces experiments with style to the extreme: style becomes the plot “With me, the thought is always simple” “I have discovered that I can do anything with language I want” It takes place in a single day, 16 June 1
14、904 (Bloomsday). Joyce first thought of the idea in 1906 as a story for Dubliners.became the sequel to Stephen Hero Joyce included hundreds of puzzles that can only be understood by very careful reconstruction of exactly what each character is thinking and doing. Banned after its publication-1933/12
15、/6 Judge Woolsey lifted the ban in the US Main characters: Leopold and Molly Bloom, and Stephen Dedalus- correspond to Homers Odysseus (aka Ulysses), Penelope, and Telemachus Each of the 18 chapters corresponds to one of Odysseuss (or Telemachuss) adventures. Each chapter is written in a different s
16、tyle, with symbolism appropriate to the corresponding adventure. 1.Leopold Bloom (modern Ulysses), middle-aged Irish Jew, a businessman, he is an “Everyman”, symbolic of universal human experience. 2.Molly Bloom, Leopolds unfaithful wife, represents the earthy forces of life and reproduction. 3. Ste
17、phen Dedalus, a dedicated writer like Joyce. Finnegans Wake (1939) Composed from 1922 to 1939 “Work in Progress” (only Nora knew the title) An unclassifiable work: Dream? Scripture? Joke? Philosophy of language? Myth? The Dream of Everyman and Everywoman, in Every language Composed from 1922 to 1939
18、 “Work in Progress” (only Nora knew the title) An unclassifiable work: Dream? Scripture? Joke? Philosophy of language? Myth? The Dream of Everyman and Everywoman, in Every languageJoyce and the CreationArabyAraby Araby is a story about a boy who wants to buy something for the angel in his heart . He
19、 looks forward to the coming of the bazaar.Unfortunately he misses the time for lack of money.He stands in the hall facing the brilliantly-light when he suddenly realizes he himself is only a pitiful creature. An uninhabited house of two stories stood at the blind end ,detached from its neighbors in
20、 a square groundThe other houses of the street, conscious of decent lives within them ,gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.The former tenant of our house, a priest , had died in the back drawing-room.Among these I found a few paper-covered books :The Abbot ,by Walter Scott,The Devout
21、 Communicant and The Memoirs of Vidocq.I like the last best because its leaves were yellow.The wild garden behind the house contained a central appletree and a few straggling bushes . He had been a very charitable priest; in his will he had left all his money to institutions and the furniture of his
22、 house to his sister. When the short days of winter came dusk fell before we had well eaten our dinner.When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre. The space of sky above us was the color of everchanging violet .The cold air stung us and we played till our bodies glowed.Our shouts echoed i
23、n the silent street.The career of our play brought us through the dark muddy lanes behind the houses where we ran the gantlet of the rough tribes from the cottages.Or if Mangans sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea we watch her from our shadow peer up and down the street
24、.She was waiting for us, her figure defined by the light from the half-opened door.I stood by the railings looking at her. Her dress swung as she moved her body and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to sideQuestion: What kind of environment the boy is in? 2. The characters & the language 3.
25、 The plot When does the main action of the story start? How does it change the narrator-boy? 4. The trip to Araby (the bazaar) I held a florin tightly in my hand as I strode down Buckingham Street towards the station.The sight of the streets thronged with buyers and the glaring with gas recalled to
26、me the purpose of my journey. I took my seat in a third-class carriage of a deserted train. After an intolerable delay the train moved slowly It crept onward among ruinous houses and over the twinkling rivers .At Westland Row Station a crowd of people pressed to the carriage doors, but the porters m
27、oved them back. In a few minutes the train drew up beside an improvised wooden platform I passed out on to the road and saw by the lighted dial of a clock that it was ten minutes to tenI could not find any sixpenny entrance and , fearing that the bazaar would be closed .I passed in quickly through a
28、 turnstile .Handing a shilling to a weary-looking man.Nearly all the stalls were closed and the greater part of the hall were in darkness.I recognized a silence A few people were gathered about the stalls which were still openBefore a curtain ,over which the words caf chantant were written in colore
29、d lamps Two man were counting money on a salver, I listened to the fall of the coins. -O,I never said such a thing! -O,but you did!-O,but I didnt!-Didnt she say that?-Yes,I heard her.-O,theres afib!Standing there , the young boy saw a young lady was flirting with two young men. This is very importan
30、t to the change of the boys realization. I turned away slowly and walked down the middle of the bazaar.I allowed the two pennies to fall against the sixpence in my pocket.I heard a voice call from one end of the gallery that the light was out.The upper part of the hall was now completely dark . Gazi
31、ng up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanitydriven and derided by vanity；and my eyes burned with anguish and my eyes burned with anguish and anger. and anger. Before now, he always had a dream that he would go
32、to the Before now, he always had a dream that he would go to the Araby and buy a present for his loved girl, but the reality Araby and buy a present for his loved girl, but the reality broke him up again. He felt so puzzled. At the same time, we broke him up again. He felt so puzzled. At the same ti
33、me, we can see through his eyes that he woke his spirit up and knew can see through his eyes that he woke his spirit up and knew clearly his foolish behavior. clearly his foolish behavior. 5. Theme What do you make of the ending? The story is an initiation story, meaning that the boy experienced gro
34、wth, or a rite of passage, from one stage of his life (e.g. childhood) to another (young adulthood). What do you think the boy has learned? B Araby is a story of first love; even more, it is a portrait of a world that defies the ideal and the dream. Thus setting in this story becomes the true subject, embodying an atmosphere of spiritual paralysis against which a young boys idealistic dreams are no match. He discovered the discrepancy between the real and the ideal in life. Realizing this, the boy takes his first step into adulthood . 75 结束语结束语