2022年Unit1Howcanwebecomegoodlearners知识点整理 .pdf

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1、1 Unit 1 How can we become good learners? 语法一. 介词 by 的用法1.by 意为“通过”,其后常接名词或动词 -ing 形式。 用来表示“以、通过、用(某种方法或手段)”而达到某种预期的目的,常用来回答 how引导的特殊疑问句。 by doing sth意为“通过做某事”How does the boy improve his spoken English? By talking with a foreigner. (1) How do you learn English so well? chatting with my uncle in Ame

2、rica online. A. By B. With C. In D.And (2)Jackson studied Chinese by _ tapes. A. listening B. to listen C. listening to D. to listening to 2.by+时间,意为“不迟于,在之前”I have to go to bed by ten oclock.3.by+地点,意为“在旁” Jim sat down by the window.4.by+交通工具,意为“乘”I go to school by bike. 5. 由 by 构成的固定短语: by the way

3、顺便说一下 by oneself独自=alone 二. 现在完成时的用法(一)用法: 1. 表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果. 常用的标志词有 already( “已经” , 用于肯定句 ),yet(“还, 已经” ,用于否定句和疑问句 ),ever ( “曾经” ),never ( “绝不,从不” ),just ( “刚刚” ),before ( “以前”),once( “一次”),twice( “两次” ). I have already eaten the dinner.(说明我现在饱了)。I have already seen the film. 名师归纳总结 精品学

4、习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 (1) You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. meet B. will meet C. have met (2) Hi,guys.Where are you heading(向行进 ) now? Home.We all our money,so we have to walk home now. A.

5、spend B.spent C. have spent D.are spending (3)Have you ever seen him _? A. ago B. two days ago C. before D. just now 2. 表示过去发生的某一动作或状态,一直持续到现在。 经常与时间状语 for+ 时间段 ,since+ 时间点或一般过去时从句, 如: for five minutes (5 分钟)since 1985 (自从 1985年一直到现在) .since he was five years old (自从他是五岁的时候一直到现在)现在完成时的标志语还有so far “到

6、目前为止”注意:此时谓语动词要用延续性动词,若是非延续性动词要变成延续性动词。leave-be away borrow-keep buy-have begin-be on die-be dead join-be a member of go/come-be in open-be open become-be I have waited for you for three hours.我一直等你等了三个小时。He has been away for a month.他已经离开一个月了。(has been away不能用 has left)Her brother has been a member

7、 of army for three years. (has been a member of army不能用 has joined army)Han Mei has kept the book since last week.(has kept 不能用 has borrowed )(1)I my hometown for a long time.I really miss it. A. left B.went away from C. have left D.have been 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料

8、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 3 away from (2) How do you like your English teacher? He is great.We all love him.We friends since three years ago. A. were B.have made C. have been D.have become (3) Anna,you Chinese is good. have you been in China? Since I was ten. A.How

9、 long B.How far C. How often D.How soon (4)Has the movie begun? Yes, it _ for five minutes. A. has begun B. began C. has been on (二)现在完成时的肯定句 ,否定句和疑问句的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句的构成是: 主语+have/has+动词过去分词 +其他. (have用于各种人称 ,has 用于第三人称单数 ) He has already posted the letter.(他已经寄了那封信 ) 2. 现在完成时的否定句的构成是: 主语+have/has+no

10、t+ 动词过去分词+其他. He hasnt posted the letter yet.他还没有寄那封信(注意:否定句中要把 already 变成 yet )3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成是:Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他. 肯定回答是 Yes,主语 +have/has 否定回答是 No,主语+havent/hasn t Has he posted the letter yet? Yes,he has/No,he hasnt (三)have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别1.have/has gone to 意为“已经去地方了(还没回来,

11、不在说话人所在的地方)”Where is Li Lei? He has gone to school. 2.have/has been to 意为“曾经去过地方(已回来)Where have you been? I have been to the library. (1)She isnt at the cinema now because she the 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 4

12、library. A.has been to B.have been to C.has gone to D.have gone to (2) I think the man over there must be Bob. It be him.He has to Australia. A. can t;gone B.cant;been C. may not;been D.mustnt;gone (3) Have you ever been to Canada? Yes,I there last year with my parents. A. have been B.have gone C. w

13、ent D.go (4) Where is Jhon? He _ the supermarket. A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone Section A 1.ask for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth“向某人索要某物” He asked his mother for some money. (1)He always asks me advice whatever he does. A. for B. on C. of (2)She wrote to her friend and information about compu

14、ter programming. A. asked for B. went for C. cared for D.paid for 2.the way to do sth=the way of doing sth.“做某事的方法”3. 区分 watch,see,read和 look (1)watch 强调看正在运动或变化的事物。多指看电视、录像、比赛、表演等。 (2)see用于看电影, We saw a wonderful film yesterday. 另外 see 侧重于结果,指“看见,看到” Can you see the bird in the tree? (3)read意为“看”时,

15、指“阅读;朗读” ,后面接书、报纸、杂志等。名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 He likes reading storybooks. (4) look 强调“看”的过程,后面接宾语,则用look at. Look at the blackboard,please. Look! The boy is watching the football game.His father is seein

16、g a film,and his mother is reading a newspaper. (1)Jim has many books.He likes them very much. A.reading B.seeing C.looking D.watching (2) ! Yao Ming is in the basketball game.Lets it. A.Look;look B.Watch;watch C.Look;watch D.Watch;look 4.have conversations with sb.“和某人交谈” He had conversations with

17、his son yesterday. 5. What about ? =How about?意为“怎么样”或“好不好?”接代词宾格或动词-ing 。 I think this is a good idea.What about you? What about visiting the East Lake? We don t have much homework this weekend.Can we go out together? OK.What about a movie? A. to see B.seeing C. see D. sees 6.aloud “大声地,出声地” read a

18、loud 朗读loudly “大声地,吵闹地”,强调声音喧闹,不悦耳。The boys are talking_ in the class and it makes the teacher unhappy. A. aloud B. loudly C. louder D. loud 7. 在英语中 , 可以用动词不定式形式表示目的. 译为“为了”。We have to study hard to find a good job. (1) to school on time,I need to get up at 6:00 am. A.Gets B.Getting C.To get D.get 名

19、师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 (2)How kind you are! You always do what you can others. A.help B.helping C.helps D.to help 8. practice doing sth.“练习做某事” We should practice English as much as possible. A.speak B.sp

20、eaking C. to speak D.speak in 9. that way=in that way用那种方法 this way=in this way用这种方法 Finally I found my uncle that way. 10. It + is+形容词 +(for/of sb) to do sth.意为“做某事对于某人来说是的”在此句型中,it是形式主语, 真正的主语是 to do sth。当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词如kind,nice,clever,foolish时用 of sb ,其他大多都用 for sb. It was very difficult for me

21、 to finish the work on time. It s kind of you to tell me that. It s polite for students hello to teachers. A.to say B.saying C.says D.say 11. a little =a bit =a little bit=kind of意为“一点儿;少许”都可以用来修饰形容词/ 副词。 a little bit quiet.此外,a little还可以直接修饰不可数名词,而a bit须和 of 连用才可以修饰不可数名词。The weather here is a littl

22、e bit hot. a little water=a bit of water一点儿水What is your new friend like? She is shy. A. a bit of B. a lot of C. a little bit D. a kind of 12. Why don t you do sth?或 Why not do sth? 意为“你为什么不做某事呢?”Why don t you buy your mother some flowers?=Why not buy your mother some flowers? 13.finish doing sth“完成

23、做某事”名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 7 Have you finished cooking? Why not your teacher for help when you cant finish the story by yourself. A.to ask;write B.to ask; writing C.ask;writing D.asking;to write. 14. 常见的系动

24、词可简记为 : 一是 be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)二是感觉 feel , 三是保持 keep, stay, 四是变 become,get,turn,五是起来 taste尝起来 ,smell 闻起来 , look看起来, sound 听起来, feel 摸起来 后跟形容词作表语。(1)I feel to see that my hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. A.proud B.angry C.upset D.lonely (2)The cookies good. Could I have some more

25、? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound (3)What is the matter with you? You so sad. A.look B.seem to have C.look like D.seem like 15. 祈使句的用法:祈使句表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等意思。(1) 肯定的祈使句:以动词原形开头,动词原形前可以加Please,please也可放在句末。 Come and have fun. (2) 否定的祈使句: “Dont+ 动词原形 +其他”Don t smoke here! (1) _ late. Its your first

26、 day to work. A. Dont to beB. Dont be C. Dont D. No (2) draw on the wall. A. Not B. No C. Doesnt D. Dont 16. 祈使句在表示禁止时,可与含有mustnt 的句子互换Don t smoke here.=You mustnt smoke here. 17. 记住两个表示“首先”的词:at first,first of all (1)at first的意思是“起初,开始” ,暗示后来的情况有所变化。其反义词组是 at last意为“最后,终于”名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - -

27、- - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 8 At first I didn t want to go,but I soon changed my mind. (2)first of all的意思是“首先,第一” ,相当于 first,表示顺序,是时间上或一系列行为动作的开始,后面往往接next,then等。 First of all,open the windows,then turn off the gas,and if necessary,call

28、 an ambulance(救护车 ). (1)If we want to work for our country in the future, we should have strong body and rich knowledge. A.at first B.first of all C.for the first time D.after all (2) ,the Internet was only used by the government.But now it s widely used in every field. A.As usual B.At first C.After

29、 all D.So far. 18.try to do sth“试图做某事,尽力做某事” She tried to carry the basket. 19.be patient with sb.“对某人有耐心” You should learn how to be patient. 20. “the+ 比较级+主语+谓语,the+比较级 +主语+谓语”意为“越,就越”The busier she is ,the happier she feels. The more you smile,the you will feel. A.happy B.happier C.happily D.more

30、 happily 21.find+it+形容词 +(for sb) to do sth 意为“发现做某事对某人来说什么样的” it是形式宾语, to do sth是真正的宾语I found it very difficult to learn how to drive. (1)We find necessary to protect the earth. A.it B. this C. that D. what (2)My pen pal found it difficult Chinese well. A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned 22.th

31、e secret to的秘诀。 the answer to the question问名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 9 题的答案the key to the bike自行车钥匙23. sothat “如此以致于”so 意为“如此”,后接形容词或副词, that 意为“以致于”,后接句子。sothat 常和 not enough to 及 too to 进行同义句转换He is too you

32、ng to go to school.=He isn t old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.(1)The problem is too difficult for me to work out.(改为同义句 ) The problem isnt for me to work out. (2)She was angry she walked out and closed the door heavily. A.so;that B.too;and C.very;that D.such;that

33、24.(1)be afraid to do sth=be afraid of doing sth.意为“害怕做某事”(2)be afraid of sth 意为“害怕某物” She is afraid of the dog. (1) I m afraid out at night alone. A. go B. going C. to go D. goes (2)The student is _ see the teacher because he_ a mistake. A. afraid of; has B. afraid to; has made C. afraid to; make D

34、. afraid of; made 25. 区分 because of 和 because (1)because of其后不接句子。We didn t go fishing yesterday because of the heavy rain. (2)because 其后接句子 .He is late for shool because he gets up late (1)Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot. A. because of B. because C. though 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

35、 - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 10 D.even if (2) Mary didnt get to the party yesterday_ she didnt feel well. A. if B. because C. but D. until 26. 过去分词短语可作后置定语,意为“被的”。 The novels written by Lu Xun are very educational. a boy called/named Li Lei 一

36、个被称作李雷的男孩27.fall in love with意为“爱上(某人或某物) ” They fell in love with each other after working together for many years. 28. 区分 exciting和 excited (1)exciting意为“令人兴奋的”,修饰物。 He told me the exciting news. The story is exciting. (2)excited意为“感到兴奋的”,修饰人。 What are you so excited about? Everyone looked very ex

37、cited. 29.begin to do sth=begin doing sth.意为“开始做某事” She began to cry. 30. 区分 the other,another和 other (1)the other 指“两者中的另一个”,接可数名词单数。常用短语:onethe other意为两者中“一个另一个”I have two pencils,one is short,the other is long. (2)another泛指三者或三者以上中的另一个,后接单数可数名词。The shirt is too small for me.Show me another one,pl

38、ease. (3)other意为“其他的”,后接可数名词复数。 other students其他的学生 (4)some others 意为泛指“一些另一些”Some people believe it ,others not. 注意: others=other +名词复数名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 11 (1)He has two sisters. One is a doctor and

39、 _is a teacher. A. another B. other C. the other D. One (2) Would you like to have cake? No,thanks.I ve had two.Thats enough. A.other B.others C.another D.the other 31.although=though引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”在一个句子中, although/though “虽然”和 but“但是”不能同时连用,即用了although/though就不能用 but ,用了 but,就不能用 although/though

40、 Although/Though he is poor,he is very happy. (1) many children like KFC.I think they d better try not to eat it too often. A.Because B.When C.Although D.If (2)_he is ill,_he goes to school. A. Although, but B. /, / C. Although, / D. But, although (3)The boy can speak both English and Japanese he is

41、 only ten. Wow,what a clever boy! A.if B.because C.although D.but 32.help 的用法(1)help sb do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事” I can help you learn English. (2)help sb to do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事” I can help you to learn English. (3)help sb with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事” I can help you with (learning) English. Our teacher always helps

42、 us _ our English. A. for B. into C. to D. with 33. 区分 invent 和 discover 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 12 (1)invent指客观上不存在的东西后来被人发明(2)discover意为“发现,找到”,指发现或找到某种自然界本来已存在,但以前未被人发现或认识的事物。Edison invented the electri

43、c light. Columbus discovered America on the 12th of October, 1492. (1)We all know who the telephone. A.find B.found C.discovered D.invented (2)Gilbert(吉尔伯特 ) electricity and Edison the electric light bulb. A.discovered;invented B.discovered;discovered C.invented;invented D.invented;discovered 34. 形容

44、词修饰不定代词的语序是:不定代词+形容词。something interesting一些有趣的东西My host family tried to cook for me when I studied in New Zealand. A.different something B.different anything C.something different D.anything different 35. want “想要” = would like后面接三种形式(1)want sth“想要某物” They want good jobs. (2)want to do sth“想要做某事” I

45、 want to go to Hangzhou for my holiday. (3)want sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事”He wants me to go shopping with him. (1)I want them _(stay )for dinner with us. (2)They want some green tea.(同义句)They _ _ _ green tea. (3)My brother want_ a friend of _. A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see, his D. seeing, his

46、36. look up (在字典, 参考书中 )查阅; 查找.代词必须放在中间名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 12 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 13 I dont know the word.Let s look it up in the dictionary. 37.so that引导目的状语从句,意为“为了,以便” Please turn on the light so that we can see it clearl

47、y. You have to leave now you can catch the early bus. A.so that B.as soon as C.because. D.sothat 38.take notes.意为“做笔记”。 You d better take notes in class. 39.memorize 意为“记住;记忆”,相当于 remember ,名词形式是memory意为“记忆,记忆力” She memorized the number of the car. 40. How often “多久一次”,对频率副词(often,always,every day,t

48、wice a week)提问,常用于一般现在时。How often do you exercise? Once a day. How long“多长时间”对for+ 时间段或 since+ 时间点提问,用于现在完成时。How long have you worked in Beijing? For five years. How soon“多久以后将”对in+ 时间段提问,用于一般将来时。How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week. How often “多久一次”,对频率副词(often,always,every day,twice a week)提问

49、,常用于一般现在时。How often do you exercise? Once a day. How long“多长时间”对for+ 时间段或 since+ 时间点提问,用于现在完成时。How long have you worked in Beijing? For five years. How soon“多久以后将”对in+ 时间段提问,用于一般将来时。How soon will Mr. Li come back? In a week. does your cousin go to the gym? Twice a week. A.How long B.How soon C.How o

50、ften 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 13 页,共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 14 Section B 1. 在英语中,疑问词 +to do 形式 如:how to get to the park可以作宾语,相当于how I can get to the park(宾语从句)如:I don t know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the prob

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