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1、名师推荐精心整理学习必备Unit 3 Could you tell me where the restrooms are? 语法宾语从句的用法：1.定义：动词后的句子叫宾语从句。I think 我认为I wonder 我想知道He said他说 或 He said to me 他对我说He asked他问 或 He asked me他问我He told me 他告诉我2.语序：宾语从句用陈述语序（陈述语序=引导词 +肯定句的构成）一般现在时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ is/are/are +其他。或引导词 +主语+ 动词原形 /三单+其他一般过去时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+was/were
2、+其他。或引导词 +主语+动词的过去式 +其他。现在进行时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ is/am/are+ 动词-ing +其他。过去进行时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+ was/were+ 动词-ing +其他。一般将来时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语+is/am/are going to+动词原形 +其他。或引导词 +主语+will+ 动词原形 +其他。过去将来时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语 +was/were going to+动词原形 +其他。或引导词 +主语+would+动词原形 +其他。现在完成时的陈述语序是：引导词+主语 +have/has+ 动词过去分词+其他。过去完成时的陈述语序是
3、：引导词+主语+had+动词过去分词 +其他。3.引导词：宾语从句的引导词有三类：that 可省略，不翻译。 He says (that) he will study hard next term. if/whether 是否 I wondered if/whether he would come here. 特殊疑问词：如what,where,how,when等。My teacher asked me where I lived. 4.时态：当主句是一般过去时时，宾语从句必须用过去的某种时态（如一般精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳
4、 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）He does his homework every day. His mother said that he did his homework every day. He is listening to tapes. His mother said that he was listening to tapes. He will return here next Friday. His mother said that h
5、e would return here the next Friday. He has already finished reading the book. His mother said that he had already finished reading the book. 注意： 当宾语从句是客观事实或普遍真理时，永远都用一般现在时。The earth goes around the sun. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 必背：I dont know what I can do.=I dont kno
6、w what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I didnt know what I could do.=I didn t know what to do.我不知道我能做什么。I wonder if/whether he will come here.我想知道是否他将来这儿。I wondered if/whether he would come here. 我想知道是否他将来这儿。练习题 : 1. The girls asked if they some food and drink with them. A.could take B.can take C.takes D.will take
7、2. The police asked the man _. A.where did he liveB.where does he live C.where he lived D.where he lives 3. Tina said she _ to the meeting the next Tuesday. A. wont go B. isnt going C. wouldnt go D. wasnt go 4. I told my classmates Uncle Wang _ the TV set for us. A.will mend（修理）B. would mend C. is m
8、endingD. can mend 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备5. They said they _ a birthday party at 9:00 last night. A. were having B. are having C. had D. have 6. I said to my daughter, “Dont make any mistakes in it.” = I _ my da
9、ughter _any mistakes in it. A. asked; don t make B. ordered; didnt make C. told; not to make D. told; to not make 7. The earth goes round the sun. What did he say? I couldn t hear him. _. A.He says the earth goes round the sun. B.He said the earth goes round the sun. C.He said the earth went round t
10、he sun. D.He says the earth went round the sun. 8. Tom says he_ wash hands before a meal. A. must to B. will has to C. has to D. have to 9.I said I (can not)hear him clearly. 10.They said they (watch)TV at this time yesterday. 11.She said that she (return) here the next Friday. Section A 1. “问路”时为了使
11、语气委婉、有礼貌，要经常使用Excuse me 以及表示委婉语气的Can/Could/Will/Would you please do sth.句型。（please 可以省略） ，这样会更容易从对方那里得到消息。Can/Could/Will/Would you please do sth? 意为“你能吗？”肯 定 回 答 用Sure./Of course./Certainly/With pleasure.愿 意 效 劳 /No problem/OK.否定回答用 Sorry.I cant,I have to/Im afraid I cant 等Can/Could/Will/Would you p
12、lease not do sth? 意为“你能不吗？”回答一般是 Sorry, I wont do that/it again 练习 : (1)Could you please help me choose an MP4 player online? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备.My computer doesn t work. A.I dont care B. I hope so C.Im afr
13、aid I cant (2)I cant find my seat.Could you show me,sir? .May I see your ticket,please? A.Sure B.I agree C.Good idea D.It doesnt matter (3) you wait a few more minutes? It ll be your turn soon. A.Must B.Should C.Could D.Might (4)Would you please _ football near my home?_. A. not to play, NoB. not pl
14、ay, Yes, I will do that again C. not play, Sorry, I wont do that againD. dont play, Sorry, I wont do that again (5)Could you please make me a kite? _ . A. Sorry, no problem B. Certainly, no problem C. Excuse me, I can t D. No, can t 2.在英语中，疑问词 +to do 形式 如：how to get to the park 可以作宾语，相当于 how I can g
15、et to the park （宾语从句）如：I dont know how to solve the problem.=I dont know how I can solve the problem. Can you tell me when to leave? =Can you tell me when I will leave? 背： I dont know what to do=I dont know what I can do? I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation.What about you? I havent decided wh
16、ere_ . A.go B.went C.going D.to go 3.常用的问路句子：Excuse me.Is there a post office near here? Excuse me.Which is the way to the post office? Excuse me.Could you tell me how to get to the post office? Excuse me.Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载
17、名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Excuse me.Could you tell me where the post office is? 4. get 意为“得到、买、到达”在英语中，有三个词可以表示“到达”，但用法不同(1)arrive 是不及物动词,后面需接介词at 或 in,再和表示地点的名词连用.arrive at 常跟一个较小的地方 ;arrive in 常跟一个较大的地方 . He arrived at the village at 7:30. I will arrive i
18、n Beijing tomorrow. (2)reach是及物动词 ,后面直接跟宾语I will ring you as soon as I reach Beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话(3)get 是不及物动词 ,后面需加介词 to,再跟表示地点的名词 . Please write to us when you get to Beijing. 注意:get 和 arrive 后跟表地点的副词时 ,则不需接介词 . My father often gets home early. 我父亲经常回家早 . 5. get sb sth=get sth for sb 意为“为某人买 /拿来某物”
19、Why dont you get her a scarf? = ? Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me. 6.与 buy 有关的常用句型(1)buy sb.sth=buy sth for sb意为“给某人买某物”She buys her friend a present.= . (2)buy sth from意为“从某处买某物”She buys a present from the store. 练习： I want to buy a shirt _ my father. A. to B. on C. for D. in 7. sell s
20、b sth =sell sth to sb. 意为“把某物卖给某人”I sold my car to my younger brother.= . 8.turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转9.go past the bank=pass the bank 经过银行动词是 pass ，常用短语 pass by. On my way home,I pass by a bank. 10.区分 between和 among (1)between 指在两者之间，常用短语between and “在和之间”精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下
21、载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Lily is between Ann and Tom. (2)among意为“在之间”指在三者或三者以上之间He sits among the children. The workers will build a new railroad the two cities. A.since B.between C.as D.during 11.go along=go down=go up 意为“沿着向前走”，多指沿街、道路、河边或堤坝向前走。Go alon
22、g this road,and you ll find the bank at the end. 12.on the right/left,表示“在右边、左边”on ones right/left 意为“在某人的右边、左边”There is a park on your right. 13.beside介词，意为“在旁边；在附近”They lived in a small village beside a river. 14.a pair of 意为“一双、一对、一副、一条”用来修饰由两个部分构成的物体。如 trousers,jeans,glasses,shoes,socks等。a pair
23、of shoes一双鞋 .two pairs of shoes两双鞋this pair of shoes这双鞋 .these pairs of shoes 这些双鞋注意：这些词组的中心词是pair,谓语动词用单复数取决于pair (1)Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well. Well,Id like to try those blue . A.pairs B.one C.pant D.pair (2)A pair of shoes under the bed.The shoes mine. A.is
24、;are B.is;is C.are;is D.are;are 15.on the third floor.在三楼There is a bank the second floor. A.at B.on C.in D.with 16. a woman teacher一个女老师two women teachers两个女老师17.区分 through,across和 past (1)through 指“从物体的空间或内部穿过”穿过forest(森林)、window(窗户)和 cloud(云)时用 through 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名
25、师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备They walked through the forest yesterday. (2)across指“从物体表面穿过”穿过road(马路 )、street(街道)和江河湖海时用 across. We walked across the street. (3)past表示从旁边经过、路过。The man is walking past a shop. (1)Can a plane fly the Atlantic Ocean?Yes,but it needs
26、 to go the clouds for hours. A.across;throughB. through;acrossC.across;acrossD. through;through (2)You can go (cross) the street when the traffic lights turn green. (3)I think it s exciting to trek the jungle. Do you think so? A. past B. across C. over D.through 18.already 意为“已经”， yet 意为“还”都是现在完成时的标
27、志词，区别是already用于肯定句中， yet 用于疑问句和否定句中。1.I have watered the plants already.( 改为否定句 ) I watered the plants . 19.suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 She suggested going there by bike. suggest的名词是 suggestion. Thanks to your (suggest),I got to complete the job in time. 20.on one s way to意为“在某人去的路上”Yesterday I met a f
28、riend of mine on my way to school. on my way home.在我回家的路上。On my way school,I pass a fruit shop every day. A.to ;by B.to;past C.in;with D.of ;for 21.在英语中习惯使用名词所有格来表示人们生活或工作的地方；习惯使用表示职业的名词所有格，表达该职业人员工作的场所；使用某人的名字的所有格，表达某人的家。如at the doctor s（office）在医务室at the barber s (shop)在理发店精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - -
29、- - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备at my uncles (house) 在我叔叔家Many people are waiting _ now. A.at doctors B.at the doctor C.in the doctor D.at the doctors 22.辨析 Lets 和 Let us. (1)Lets 表示向对方提建议，包括说话方和对方在内，其反意疑问句形式是 shall we.Lets go fishing,shall we?
30、 (包括说话方和对方在内 ) (2)Let us 表示请求对方允许，不包括对方在内，其反意疑问句形式是will you. Let us go,will you?让我们去，好吗？ (只指说话方，不包含对方) 23. start相当于 begin 后面既可以接动词不定式又可以接动名词形式。start to do sth=start doing sth begin to do sth=begin doing sth (1)The weekend talk will begin at 10 o clock.(选出同义选项 ) A.start B.end C.open D.work (2)Tiger W
31、oods started _ when he was only ten months old. A. golf（打高尔夫球）B.golfer C. golfing D.golves 24.修 饰 形 容 词 比 较 级 的 词 有 ： a lot ( 多 ),a little( 有 点 儿 ),a bit( 有 点儿),much(多),even(甚至),等(1)Why do you always watch Channel 10 instead of Channel 5,Grandpa? The programs on Channel 10 are better. A.more much B.
32、 much more C. more D. much (2)What a hot day! The weather report says it will be even tomorrow. A.cooler B. hotter C. wetter D. colderSection B 1. inexpensive 意 为 “ 不 昂 贵 的 ” ， 其 同 义 词 为cheap， 反 义 词 为expensive/dear The sweater is inexpensive. 注意：在英语里，我们说到things 时，要用“ expensive,cheap ”，说到price 时，要用“
33、high,low”精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备2. safe是形容词，意为“安全的”，副词是safely，意为“安全地”。名词是safety，意为“安全”。反义词是dangerous意为“危险的”I am safe now. We arrived there safely. Please fasten your seat belt for your safety. 3.动词不定式常作后置定语，意为“的
34、”。a good place to eat吃饭的好地方。something to eat一些吃的东西a room to live in 一个居住的房间Why dont you go out to play,Rose?Im afraid I cant.I have much homework . A.do B.does C.doing D.to do 4. polite 是形容词，意为“礼貌的”，politely 是副词，意为“礼貌地；客气地”。impolite 是形容词，意为“不礼貌地”，impolitely是副词，意为“不礼貌地；不客气地”。(1)Tom thinks people will
35、 help him if he asks for help (polite). (2)We should speak to the old . A.polite B.politely C.impolite D.impolitely 5.correct 可作形容词，意为“正确的，恰当的”，相当于right。副词是correctly. correct 还可作动词，意为“改正”。I can tell you the correct answer. He answered the teacher s question correctly. You must correct your mistakes.
36、 6.direct 是形容词，意为“直接的；直率的”；其反义词是indirect，意为“间接的”；副词是directly，意为“直接地”。This is because it is a very direct question. 7. 区分 because of和 because (1)because of其后不接句子。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备We didnt go fishing yesterd
37、ay because of the heavy rain. (2)because其后接句子 .He is late for shool because he gets up late (1)Liu Xiang had to give up the race his foot. A. because of B. because C. though D.even if (2) Mary didnt get to the party yesterday_ she didnt feel well. A. if B. because C. but D. until 8.动词后加 -or 构成的名词有：
38、visitor 参观者actor 男演员inventor 发明家9.区分 like/such as和 for example (1)like 做介词，意为“像”，用来列举同类人或物中的几个例子，后面不能有逗号，相当于such as There are many kinds of fruit in the supermarket,like /such as apples,bananas and pears. (2)for example 意为“例如”，列举同类人或物中的一个例子，其后要用逗号隔开。Id like to keep a pet,for example, a cat. (1)Many
39、heroes are ready to help others,Lei Feng, . A.such as B. like C. for example D. example (2) Many girls like red, Ann and Lucy. A. that is B.for example C. namely D. such as 10.include 是动词，意为“包括，包含”。including 可用作介词，意为“包括”。The price includes both the house and the furniture in it. There are seven peop
40、le in my family,including my grandparents. 11.区分 spend,pay,cost 和 take (1)人+ spend(spent)+ 时间/金钱+(in)doing sth 或 on sth I spent five dollars (in)buying the book.I spent five dollars on the book. (2)人+pay(paid)+金钱+for sth I paid five dollars for the book. (3)物+cost(cost)+人+金钱The book cost me five dol
41、lars. (4)It takes(took)+人+时间+to do sth. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备It took me five hours to finish homework. (1)Im afraid itll you much time to work out the problem. A.spend B.use C.need D.take (2)I 300 for the bik
42、e. A.took B.spent C.cost D.paid (3)You look really cool in the new dress, dear. How much did you _ it? A. ask for B. think about C. find out D. pay for(4) Do you take exercise every day? Yes.I always thirty minutes walking after supper. A.spendB.costC. takeD. pay (5)The T-shirt looks nice on you! Ho
43、w much does it ? I just ten dollars for it. A.take,affordedB.cost;paid C.cost;spent(6)It took me two hours _ my homework last night. A. to finish B. finishing C. finish D. for finishing 12.thank sb for (doing) sth. thanks for (doing) sth.意为“因（做）某事而感谢某人”Thank the boy for his advice. Thank you for(=Th
44、anks for) teaching us so well. Thanks very much for i me to your birthday party. 13. would like“想要” = want 后面接三种形式(1)would like sth“想要某物”Id like some dumplings. (2)would like to do sth“想要做某事”Theyd like to play football after school. (3)would like sb to do sth.“想要某人做某事”Shed like me to go shopping wit
45、h her. (1)Id like them _（stay）for dinner with us. (2)They want some green tea. （同义句）They _ _ _ green tea. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备(3)My brother would like_ a friend of _. A. to see, him B. seeing, him C. to see,
46、 his D. seeing, his 14. Would you like sth?用于委婉的提出建议，或征求对方意见。肯定答语： Yes, please. 否定答语： No, thanks. Would you like some tea? Yes, please. /No, thanks. 15.Would you like to do sth?用于委婉的提出建议，或征求对方意见。肯定答语： Yes, Id like/love to 否定答语： Id like/love to,but +不能去做某事的理由。或Sorry, +不能去做某事的理由。Would you like to go s
47、wimming with us? Yes, Id love to/Sorry,I have too much homework to do. 注意: 带 would like 和 Could you please的句子 , 用于委婉的提出建议，或征求对方意见。所以变成疑问句时some 不变成any,something 不变成anything. (1)Would you like a cup of tea? _. A. Id like milk B. Yes, I would C. You re welcome D. Yes, please (2)She d like some rice. （改
48、为一般疑问句）_ she _ _ rice? (3)Would you like some bread? -_. A. No, I wouldnt B. Thats all right C. Yes, please D. Yes, I would (4)Would you like camping with me? Id like to.But Im busy my homework. A.to go;to do B. to go;doing C. going;to do D. going;doing (5)Would you like to come to my birthday party
49、?_. A. Yes, I would B. Yes, I d love to C. No, I wouldnt D. No, I wouldnt to 16. look forward to doing sth 意为“期盼做某事”Im looking forward to seeing you again. Im looking forward to my parents soon.What about you? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 14 页 - - - - -
50、 - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Me too. A.seeing B.see C.saw D.to see 17. on time 意为“准时，按时” ; in time 表示“及时”，at times=sometimes有时at the same time同时all the time“一直，总是”Please don t be late.Come here on time. The man was just in time for the plane. At times I make mistakes when I speak English. The twins always