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1、2010 英语专八真题2010英语专八真题TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010) -GRADE EIGHT- PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but
2、you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Complete the gap-filling task. Som
3、e of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes. Paralinguistic Features of Language In face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their
4、physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories. First category: vocal paralinguistic features A. (1)_: to express attitude or intention (1)_ B. Examples 1. whispering: need for secrecy 2. breathiness: deep emo
5、tion 3. (2)_: unimportance (2)_ 4. nasality: anxiety 5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacy Second category: physical paralinguistic features A. facial expressions 1. (3)_ (3)_ - smiling: signal of pleasure or welcome 2. less common expressions - eye brow raising: surprise or interest - lip biting:
6、 (4)_ (4)_ B. gesture 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题gestures are related to culture. 1. British culture - shrugging shoulders: (5) _ (5)_ - scratching head: puzzlement 2. other cultures - placing hand
7、upon heart:(6)_ (6)_ - pointing at nose: secret C. proximity, posture and echoing 1. proximity: physical distance between speakers - closeness: intimacy or threat - (7)_: formality or absence of interest (7)_ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)_ -specific. (8)_ 2. posture - hunched shoulders or a
8、 hanging head: to indicate(9)_ (9)_ - direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitude 3. echoing - definition: imitation of similar posture - (10)_: aid in communication (10)_ - conscious imitation: mockery SECTION B INTERVIEW In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.
9、Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.
10、1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity means A. merging of different cultural identities. B. more emphasis on homogeneity. C. embracing of more ethnic differences. D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity. (You see, today, we use the word “ diversity”to refer to more visible ethnic differences,
11、 ancient Americans, African American and Latino, for instance.) 2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT? A. Some places are more diverse than others. B. Towns are less diverse than large cities. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - -
12、- - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题C. Diversity can be seen everywhere. D. American is a truly diverse country. (Well, I think, in all these talks of diversity, there is a critical point that may be missed, that is, diversity is not occurring everywhere in the US.) 3. Accord
13、ing to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025? A. Maine B. Selinsgrove C. Philadelphia D. California (By 2025, being predicted, that figure will drop to just 34%, which indicates that the future change in a racial composition in California.) 4. During the
14、interview Dr Johnson indicates that A. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations. B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse. C. age diversity could lead to pension problems. D. older populations are more racially diverse. (For example, there is a large gap between th
15、e average age of the five stages of the youngest population and five stages of the oldest population.) 5. According to the interview, religious diversity A. was most evident between 1990 and 2000. B. exists among Muslim immigrants. C. is restricted to certain places in the US. D. is spreading to mor
16、e parts of the country. (They settled mainly in California and major north-eastern and mid-western cities, such as New York, Philadelphia, Chicago and Monosepalous) SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow
17、. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -
18、- - - - - 第 3 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题6. What is the main idea of the news item? A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones. B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad. C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations. D. Reader devices are available at stores and statio
19、ns. Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government s measure to control inflation? A. Foreign investment. B. Donor support. C. Price c
20、ontrol. D. Bank prediction. 8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe? A. 20 million percent. B. 2.2 million percent. C. 11.2 million percent. D. Over 11.2 million percent. Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be
21、given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news. 9. Which of the following is CORRECT? A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River. B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people. C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns. D. A big fire took place on two floors. 10. The likely cause o
22、f the big fire is A. electrical short-cut. B. lack of fire-satefy measures. C. terrorism. D. not known. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN) In this section there are fo
23、ur reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT A Still, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is clo
24、ser to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subwaya facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television
25、 monitors but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitar
26、ian grounds principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see “one man sweating and straining to pull another man.” But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaws on a modern citys traffic and, particularly, on its image.
27、 “Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,” the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. “Our city stands for prosperity and development. ” The chief ministerthe e
28、quivalent of a state governor went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata. Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-
29、light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) Its the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor
30、. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her pur
31、chases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafs or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of live chickenstied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over
32、the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him u
33、p; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesnt 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题need torrential rain to begin
34、backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata “if a stray cat pees, theres a flood.” During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water
35、 that was up to the pullers waists. When it s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, “When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.”While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its an
36、nual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among Indias 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come fro
37、m. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a deraa combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees ( about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until youve vis
38、ited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are n
39、ear the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar. There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a ri
40、ckshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about ban
41、ning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial page s of Kolkata s Telegraph Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history bookstold me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. “I refuse to be car
42、riedby another human being myself,” he said, “but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.” Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata. When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the governme
43、nt s plan to rid the city of rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head a gesture I interpreted to mean, “If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.” Some rickshaw pullers I met were
44、resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they dont have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still
45、 clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everythingor, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. “The government was the government of the poor people,” one sardar told me. “Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.”名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 -
46、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 31 页 - - - - - - - - - 2010 英语专八真题But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment d
47、elegations or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been
48、made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been p
49、art of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, “has difficulty letting go.” One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated. “Which option has been chosen?” I asked, notin
50、g that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit. “That hasn t been decided,” he said.“When will it be decided?”“That hasn t been decided,” he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPT A. taking foreign tourists around the city.