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1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 7.精品文档.TextALeisureandLeadership休闲与引导Observationsandresearchfindingsindicatethatpeopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisureandwhattheycandointheirleisuretime.Theimportancepeopleattachtopaidholidaysandtherapiddevelo
2、pmentofservicesformassentertainmentandrecreationaresignsofthisincreasingconcern.观察和研究结果显示发达工业社会的人越来越关注的机会以及空闲时能做些什么。对带薪休假的重视和大众娱乐服务的快速进步是这种关注的标志。Thetermqualityoflifeisdifficulttodefine.Itcoversaverywidescopesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,friends,education,materialpossessio
3、ns,leisureandrecreation,andsoon.Generallyspeaking,thequalityoflife,especiallyasseenbytheindividual,ismeaningfulintermsofthedegreetowhichthesevariousareasoflifeareavailableorprovidesatisfactiontotheindividual.生活质量这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。一般地说，尤其在个人来看，生活质量由个人在多大程度上能够得到生活
4、的这些方面并感到满意来衡量。Asactivitycarriedoutasonethinksfitduringonessparetime,leisurehasthefollowingfunctions:relaxation,recreationandentertainment,andpersonaldevelopment.Theimportanceofthesevariesaccordingtothenatureofonesjobandoneslife-style.Thus,peoplewhoneedtoexertmuchenergyintheirworkwillfindrelaxationmo
5、stdesirableinleisure.Thosewithabettereducationandinprofessionaloccupationsmaytendmoretoseekrecreationandpersonaldevelopment(e.g.,cultivationofskillsandhobbies)inleisure.作为个人认为适合在业余时间进行的活动，休闲具有以下功能：放松、消遣和娱乐，以及个人发展。这些功能的重要性因各人的工作性质和生活方式而不同。因此，需要在工作中消耗大量精力的人会发现最想要在休闲中放松。受过较好教育的人和职业较为专业的人可能倾向于在休闲中寻找消遣和个
6、人发展。Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.Eventhesameleisureactivitymaybeuseddifferentlybedifferentindividuals.Thus,thefollowingarepossibleusesoftelevisionwatching,apopularleisureactivity:achangeofexperiencetoprovideescapefromthestressandstrainofwork;tolearnmoreaboutwhatishappening
7、inonesenvironment;toprovideanopportunityforunderstandingoneselfbycomparingotherpeopleslifeexperiencesasportrayedintheprogrammes.休闲的具体用途因人而异。甚至同样的休闲活动各人做起来也可能功能不同。下面是看电视的可能的用途，这是一种很常见的休闲活动：换种体验，从工作压力里逃开；了解更多身边的事情；通过比较节目中他人的生活经验提供一个了解自身的机会。Inanurbansocietyinwhichhighlystructured,fast-pacedandstressful
8、workloomslargeinlife,experiencesofadifferentnature,beittelevisionwatchingorbird-watching,canleadtoaself-renewalandamorebalancedwayoflife.城市生活中，结构严密，步伐迅速，工作压力在生活中投下阴影，不同性质的经验，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能达到自我更新更平衡的生活方式。Ourlikesanddislikes,tastesandpreferencesthatunderlieourchoicesofsuchactivitiesasreadingbooks,going
9、tothecinema,camping,orcertainculturalpursuits,areallrelatedtosocialcontextsandlearningexperiences.Weacquireinterestsinavarietyofthingsandsubjectsfromourfamilies,schools,jobs,andthemassmedia.Basically,suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatleisurecanandshould
10、beputtogooduse.既然休闲基本上是个人决定的事，就可以做任何给自己带来愉悦和满足的活动，发展个人兴趣爱好。我们的好恶、品位、喜好决定了我们是选择看书、看电影、露营、或某种文化追求，而前者又同社会环境和学习经验有关。我们从来自家庭、学校工作和大众传媒的事物中获得各种兴趣。基本上这种态度就等于承认休闲是生活的重要部分，相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用。Professionalworkersinrecreationservices,too,willfindthattoimpartpositiveleisureattitudestothegeneralpublicisessentialfo
11、rmotivatingthemtousetheirleisureincreativeandsatisfyingways.Hence,itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthesevariouscontextsarealllikelytohaveexertedsomeinfluenceinshapingourattitudes,interestsandevenskillsrelevanttohowwehandleleisure.Influenceofthiskindisaformofleadership. 娱乐行业的业者也发现
12、。让公众具有积极的休闲态度，对于鼓励他们以创造性的充实的方式利用休闲十分必要。可以说，我们在各种各样休闲的场合下接触的人；都有可能对形成我们的休闲态度，我们的兴趣甚至是我们利用休闲的方法起到一定的影响。这种影响是一种引导形式的影响。Parents,teachersinschools,workassociatesandcommunicatorsinorusingthemassmediaareallcapableofarousingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesp
13、articipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytocontributetotheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the pe
14、rson. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.学校常常把人的平衡发展作为它们的教育目标。越是认真地追求这一目标，这越可能鼓励正面的休闲态度，就像鼓励学业一样。 TextBTheTimeMessage时间信息Youmayhavebeenexposedtothisideabefore,butthistimetrytohear.Thereisamessagethatistryi
15、ngtoreachyou,anditisimportantthatitgetthroughloudandclear.Themessage?你可能听说过这个观点，但不妨再听一次。有一条信息要传送给你，而且要清楚响亮地传到，这很重要。信息？Timemanagement!时间管理！Timeiselusiveandtricky.Itistheeasiestthingintheworldtowaste-themostdifficulttocontrol.Whenyoulookahead,itmayappearyouhavemorethanyouneed.Yetithasawayofslippingthr
16、oughyourfingerslikequicksand.Youmaysuddenlyfindthatthereisnowaytostretchthelittletimeyouhavelefttocoverallyourobligations.Forexample,asabeginningstudentlookingaheadtoafulltermyoumayfeelthatyouhaveanoversupplyoftimeonyourhands.Buttowardtheendofthetermyoumaypanicbecausetimeisrunningout.Theanswer?时间难以捉
17、摸，稍纵即逝。浪费时间是世界上最容易做到的事情，也是最难控制的。当你朝前看时，时间也许显得比你需要的多。可是它会像流沙一样从缝间溜走。你可能会突然发现剩下的那点时间没法完成所有的任务。比方说，作为一个新生，你看到眼前整整一个学期，会觉得手上有多余的时间，但是当学期末临近时，没准就会恐慌起来，因为时间快用完了。答案呢？Control!控制！Timeisdangerous.Ifyoudontcontrolit,itwillcontrolyou.Ifyoudontmakeitworkforyou,itwillworkagainstyou.Youmustbecomethemasteroftime,no
18、ttheservant.时间是危险的。你不控制它，它就会控制你。你不让它为你工作，它就会成为你的对头。你必须做它的主人而不是佣人。Studyhardandplayhardisanoldproverb,butisstillmakessense.Youhaveplentyoftimeforclasses,study,work,andplayifyouuseyourtimeproperly.Itisnothowmuchtimeyouallocateforstudythatcountsbuthowmuchyoulearnwhenyoudostudy.刻苦学习，开心玩耍是句老话，但依然有意义。如果合理安
19、排时间就会有足够的时间上课、学习、玩耍。重要的不是分配了多少时间学习，而是学习时你到底学到了多少。Toomuchwastedtimeisbadmedicine.Themoretimeyouwaste,theeasieritistoocontinuewastingtime.Soon,doingnothingbecomesahabityoucantbreak.Itbecomesadrug.Whenthishappens,youloseyourfeelingofaccomplishmentandyoufallbythewayside.Afullscheduleisagoodschedule.浪费太多
20、时间就跟吃了治不好病的药一样。时间浪费得越多，就越容易继续浪费时间。很快无所事事就成了改不掉的习惯，就会上瘾。如果这样，你会失去成就感，半途而废。安排得满满的时间表就很好。Somestudentsrefusetohearthetimemessage.Theyrefusetoacceptthefactthatcollegelifedemandssomedegreeoftimecontrol.Thereisnoescape.Sowhatsthenextsetp?Ifyouseriouslywithtogetthetimemessage,thispassagewillgiveittoyou.Reme
21、mber-itwillnotonlyimproveyourgradesbutalsofreeyoutoenjoycollegelifemore.有的学生拒绝听取时间。信息他们不愿意接受大学生活要求一定程度的时间控制这一事实。但这无可避免。那下一步呢？如果你真心想要得到时间信息，这个章节会提供给你。记住，这不仅会提高你的分数，还会让你更地享受大学生活。Message1.Timeisvaluable-controlitfromthebeginning.信息1：时间是宝贵的，从头开始控制它。Timeistoday,nottomorrowornextweek.Startyourplanatthebeg
22、inningofthetermandreadjustitwitheachnewproject.Thusyoucanspreadyourworktimearoundalittle.时间就是今天，不是明天或下星期。在学期开始时就实施你的计划并随着每一个新的规划调整。这样就能把工作的时间分散一些。Message2.Getthenotebookhabit.信息2：养成用笔记本的习惯。Goandbuyapocket-sizenotebook.Theremanyvarietiesofthesespecialnotebooks.Selecttheoneyoulikebest.Useittoscheduley
23、ourstudytimeeachday.Youcanalsouseittonoteimportantdates,appointments,addresses,andtelephonenumbers.Keepitwithyouatalltimes.去买个袋装笔记本。这种特殊笔记本有好多，这种你最喜欢的，用它来安排每天的学习时间。还可以记载重要的约会、地址、电话号码。把它一直带在身边。Message3.Prepareaweeklystudyschedule.信息3：制定每周学习计划。Themainpurposeofthenotebookistohelpyouprepareaweeklystudys
24、chedule.Onceprepared,followthesamepatterneveryweekwithminoradjustments.Sundayisanexcellentdaytomakeupyourscheduleforthefollowingweek.Writeinyourclassschedulefirst.Addyourworkhours,ifany.Thenwriteinthehourseachdayyoufeelyoumustallocateforstudy.Keepitsimple.这个笔记本的主要用途是帮你准备一周学习计划。一旦定下，每周依照同样模式而行，只做小的变动
25、。星期天正好用来安排下周计划。最先记下上课的时间，再加上工作时间，如果有的话。然后写上每天必须分配的学习时间。尽量简单些。Message4.Berealistic.信息4：现实些。Whenyouplantimeforthesethings,berealistic.Dontunderestimate.Overestimate,ifpossible,sothatemergenciesthatarisedonthangyouup.Otherwiseyourentireroutinemaygetthrownoffbalancewhileyoudevotenightanddaytocrasheffort
26、s.做计划时，现实些。别少估时间，如果可能，多估些，这样发生紧急情况也不至于耽误工作。否则你日夜应付突发事件时，日常工作就会推动平衡。Message5.Makestudytimefitthecourse.信息5：学习的时间同课程相符。Howmuchstudytimeyouscheduleforeachclassroomhourdependsonfourfactors:(1)yourability,(2)thedifficultyoftheclass,(3)thegradesyouhopetoachieve,and(4)howwellyouuseyourstudytime.Onething,ho
27、wever,iscertain:youshouldscheduleaminimumofonehourofstudyforeachclassroomhour.Inmanycases,morewillberequired.每个课时安排多少时间学习取决于四个因素：（1）能力；（2）课程难度；（3）希望得到的分数；（4）利用时间能力的好坏。但有一件事是确定的：每一课时应安排至少一小时学习时间。很多情况下会需要更多时间。Message6.Keepyourscheduleflexible.信息6：保持学习计划的灵活性。Agoodschedulemusthavealittlegivesothatspecia
28、lprojectscanbetakencareofproperly.Thinkoutandprepareyourscheduleeachweekanddonotbecomeaslavetoaninflexiblepattern.Adjustitasyoudeemnecessary.好的时间表必须有点儿弹性，这样特殊的计划就能处理得当。想一想，制定每周的计划，不要变成一成不变的模式的奴隶。必要时加以调整。Message7.Studyfirst-funlater.信息7：先学习，后娱乐。Youwillenjoyyourfuntimemoreafteryouhavecompletedyourstud
29、yresponsibilities.So,wherepossible,scheduleyourstudyhoursinadvanceoffunactivities.Thisisasoundprincipletofollow,sokeepitinmindasyouprepareyourfirstschedule.完成学习任务之后再玩会更加愉快。所以只要可能，把学习时间安排在娱乐之前。这是要遵从的合理原则，所以在准备第一个日程表的时候就牢记在心。Message8.Studysomeeachclassday.信息8：每个学习日都学到一些东西。Someconcentratedstudyeachdayi
30、sbetterthanmanystudyhoursonedayandnothingthenext.Asyouworkoutyourindividualschedule,attempttoincludeaminimumoftwostudyhourseachday.Thiswillnotonlykeepthestudyhabitalivebutalsokeepyouuptodateonyourclassassignmentsandprojects.每天集中学一会儿比一天学几个小时、第二天又不要学强。做个人日程表时，尽量每天安排至少两个小时学习。这不仅让你保持学习习惯，还使你了解学习任务和计划。Fe
31、wbeginningfreshmencancontroltheirtimeeffectivelywithoutawrittenschedule,sowhykidyourselfintothinkingyoudontneedone?Youdo.Lateron,whenyouhavehadmoreexperienceandyouhavethetime-controlhabit,youmaybeabletooperatewithoutit.Ofcoursethescheduleisonlythefirststep.Onceyouhaveitprepared,youmuststickwithitand
32、followitfaithfully.Youmustpushawaythemanytemptationsthatarealwayspresentoryourscheduleisuseless.Yourschedulewillgiveyoucontrolonlyifyoumakeitwork.很少大学新生能够没有日程表就有效地控制时间，所以干嘛骗自己以为你不需要时间表？你需要。到后来，更有经验，养成了控制时间的习惯以后，你可能就不需要了。当然日程表只是第一步。一旦把这个准备好了，必然坚持，忠实遵循。得推开那些不断出现的诱惑，否则你的日程表就没用了。只有让日程表起作用，你才能用它支配时间。UNIT
33、 71. Most todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, _they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4) A. as B. which C. when D. where 答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry。 2. Robots differ from automatic machines in_after completion of one spe
34、cific task, they can be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4) A. which B. that C. how D. whether 答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。 3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning_(see) in other industries as well. (00.4) (01.10) 答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do st
35、h. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。 4. Anyone_(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (00.10)（01.4） 答案： wanting 考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。 5.The nations that_actively_(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. 答案：are involved
36、 考点： 词组：be involved in sth. 6. 汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10） 答案： In what field will robots take over human tasks? 7. It is not yet known_computers will one day have vision as good as human vision . A. whether B. if C. that D. how 答案：A . 考点： whether 引导的主语从句。 8. Robots, _(become) increasingly prevalen
37、t in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. 答案：becoming 考点：现在分词作状语。 9 . Robots , becoming_(increase) prevalent in factories , are programmed and engineered 答案： increasingly 10. 汉译英：今年来，计算机在
38、各个领域的应用越来越广泛。 答案：In recent years, the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields.1、word studyattach,underlie,relevant,positive attachvt.1、固定住，系；2、附加，隶属；3、把（重点）放在；4、使喜爱，使依恋You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。They provide aid with no conditions attach
39、ed.他们提供无附加条件的援助。We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political orientation.我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。He was strongly attached to his home.他对他的家恋恋不舍。 underlievt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础Careful planning underlies all my decisions.我的全部决定是以周密计划为根据的。What underlies his lack of interest in work?什么
40、造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣？There were deeper tensions underlying last weeks strike.上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势。 relevanta.1、贴切的，中肯的；2、与。有关的（to）This is a relevant question.这是一个中肯的问题。This point is not really relevant and we had better move on.这一点并没有什么关联，咱们还是接着谈别的吧。We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the count
41、ry.我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来。All evidence relevant to the case should be gathered and analyzed.所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析。 positivea.1、明确的，确实的；2、积极的，肯定的；3、正的，阳性的He gave positive instructions.他给了明确的指示。I wonder if he can provide positive proof.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。Light is a positive thing; darkness is only the absence
42、of light.光是确实存在的东西，而黑暗只是没有光。Who can give a positive answer?谁能给一个肯定的答复？He always has some positive ideas on company policy.他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见。The test is positive which shows a particular disease is present.化验的结果呈阳性，说明确实得了某种病。2、重点句型1、生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会。P1People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2、人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志。P1The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increas