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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date专业四级2004(完形填空和单项选择)专业四级2004(完形填空和单项选择)专业四级(TEM-4 2004)The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that the slee
2、p normally coincides (31) the hours of darkness . Our present (32) is with how easily and to what extent this (33) can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease (34) people can change from working in the day to working at night is a (35) of growing importance in industry where autom
3、ation (36) round-the-clock working of machines.It normally (37) from five days to one week for a person to (38) to a (39) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (40) , it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week.This means that no soon
4、er has he got used to one routine (41) he has to change to another, (42) much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very (43) . One answer would seem to be (44) periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. (45) , recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert
5、to go back to their (46) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any (47) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to (48) the night shift to those (49) night workers whose (50) may persist through weekends and h
6、olidays.31. A. in B. with C. of D. over32. A. thinking B. study C. problem D. concern33. A. cycle B. period C. circle D. round34. A. at which B. with which C. at what D. with what35. A. problem B. difficulty C. trouble D. matter36. A. asks B. invites C. calls for D. reacts to37. A. takes B. spends C
7、. demands D. asks38. A. adapt B. adopt C. adjust D. adept39. A. former B. returned C. reversed D. regular40. A. Therefore B. Unfortunately C. In a word D. In comparison41. A. as B. when C. then D. than42. A. though B. so that C. while D. as43. A. efficiently B. good C. easily D. happily44. A. shorte
8、r B. better C. longer D. nicer45. A. So B. In short C. Similarly D. However46. A. new B. normal C. temporary D. favourite47. A. change B. return C. adaptation D. tendency48. A. hand over B. hand in C. hand out D. hand on49. A. temporary B. contemporary C. permanent D. perpetual50. A. wakefulness B.
9、sleep C. preference D. habit译文：人类正常的日常作息周期是78小时的睡眠时间与1617小时的清醒时间相互交替，而睡眠时间通常与黑夜重合。目前我们关心的是人的这一作息规律是否很容易或者能在多大程度上得以改变。这个问题决非仅仅是学术问题。在工业领域，自动化过程要求机器24小时运转，因而，人如何能够自如地从白天的工作状态转换到夜间工作状态，这已成为一个日益重要的问题。一个人要颠倒作息，白天睡觉，夜间工作，通常需要五天至一周的时间来适应。不巧的是，工业领域常常每周换班，这就意味着，一个人刚适应了一种作息方式就不得不换成另外一种作息方式。这样，一个人很多的时间里，工作和睡眠的
10、效率都不高。解决办法之一是延长每次换班时间的长度，将其延长到一个月或者三个月。但是，近期的研究表明，实行较长换班作息安排的人在周末会回到其正常的作息规律上，这足以摧毁在一周的工作时间所建立起来的夜间工作习惯。看起来唯一的真正解决办法则是将夜班交给永远上夜班的工人，这些人即使在周末和假日里也能保持夜间的清醒状态。31.B 解析：考查词语搭配。coincide with表示“与.相符，一致”，如：Their thoughts coincide with ours.(他们的想法与我们的不谋而合。)coincide后可接in表示“在哪方面相似”，如：The members of the committ
11、ee do not coincide in opinion.(委员会的委员们意见不合。)（词汇搭配线索题。选项C、D不与coincide搭配。）32.D 解析：内容上，“我们目前思考/研究/关注的是.”或“现在的问题是.”均通。与with连用的只能是concern，表示“关注”。（词汇搭配题。think常与about连用，study则有make a study of的说法，用A、B时，表语后的介词with不妥。若用problem，be后面直接是表语从句，不用介词。）33.A 解析：考查篇章分析能力。这里使用了指示代词this，从语境上理解照应前句中所提到的中心词cycle，因此应该选择cycl
12、e。（语义线索题。period表示“一段时间”；circle表示“圆”；round表示“圆，圆形物”，均不符题意。）34.B 解析：考查词语搭配。at ease舒适，自由自在，无拘无束；with ease熟练的，轻而易举的。前者与“拘束不安”相对，后者与“费劲”相对。在这里的上下文中，显然应当用with。另外，这里是定语从句，先行词是ease，故后面用关系代词which，不能用what。所以答案是B。（词汇搭配线索题。）35.D 解析：考查句子层面名词的含义。分析句子结构，简化句子可以理解为“.the ease is a growing importance.”主语ease即“人们颠倒作息的自
13、如程度”并不能被称之为“难以解决的难题”，也不是一种“困难”或“麻烦”，而是一个需要人们关注的“事情”，因此，从语义上能与主语ease搭配的表语应该是选项D。（词义辨析题。problem指 “难题，困难”；difficulty指“困境”；trouble表示“麻烦”；而只有matter合适，a matter of为固定词组，表示“（涉及之）问题”。）36.C 解析：这里的句意是“工业自动化要求机器设备能24小时不停息工作”，因此C.calls for“需要，值得”符合题意。又如：Being a teacher calls for a lot of patience.(做老师需要很有耐心。)（词义
14、辨析题。考查句子层面动词词组含义。其他三项都不符合句意。）37.A 解析：英语中用句型it takes. time (for sb,) to do sth.来表示“某人做某事需要多长时间”，其他的动词都不适用于这一句型，因此应该选择A. takes.(固定搭配题。而选项B、C、D均不能用于本句所在的句型。)38.A 解析：选项A与介词to构成词组，表示“调整以适应”，符合题意。（词义辨析题。本题考查的是形近词的区别。选项B是“采用，接受”之义；选项C的用法为adjust oneself to，表示“使自身适应（环境等）”；而选项D.adept是“熟练的，内行的”的意思，都与题目要求不合。）39
15、.C 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。这里需要一个形容词修饰名词routine，而根据句子中后半部分sleeping during the day and working at night对这里routine一词的定义和解释，与文章前面所提到的人的正常日常作息刚好相反，因此C.reversed“颠倒的”符合题意。（语义线索题。A.former“先前的”，B.returned“返回的”，D.regular“有规律的”，都不符合句子含义。）40.B 解析：考查篇章分析能力。It is often the case that.表示“情况通常是.”其中that是主语从句，it为形式主语。前文说，日班与
16、夜班的转换需要5天到1周来适应，而工业领域常常又是每周换一次班，这是“不幸的”，故选B。所以才有下文“这意味着一个人刚适应了夜班就又要转回白班”。（语义线索题。A.Therefore“所以”，C.In a word“总之”，D.In comparison“相比较而言”，均不合题意。）41.D 解析：no sooner. than与hardly. when结构都表示as soon as“刚.就”，如：No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go.(我们刚坐下就发现该走了。)因此than符合要求。（语法线索题。本题考查的no s
17、ooner. than.表示“一.就.”。而选项A、B、C不能与no sooner搭配。）42.B 解析：考查句子连接词的含义和用法。这里从句之间的关系是因果关系，而选项中只有so that可以引导结果状语从句。（语义线索题。though“尽管”，表转折；while“然而；正当”，表示对比或时间上的同步；as“因为，正当”，表示原因或时间上的同步；皆不符合题意。）43.A 解析：这里需要一个副词修饰动词sleeping和working，根据句意，由于一个人总是在不停适应新的作息规律，因此他的工作和睡眠时间就不可能很有效率地利用起来，因此A.efficiently“有效率地”符合要求。（语义线索
18、题。考查句子层面副词的含义。选项B、C和D都不符合句子含义。）44.C 解析：考查篇章理解能力。根据这句话里解释部分a month, or even three months的提示，相比较前面所提到的一周时间，自然应该选择C.longer.（语义线索题。相对于前面的every week，一个月甚至三个月当然是较长一点。）45.D 解析：根据句子后面部分的说明，“即使换班时间延长，工人也会在周末时间回到原来的作息，而这一点很致命”，由此可以看到延长换班时间不是好办法。这里需要一个表示转折的连词D符合题意。（语义线索题。考查句子连接词的含义和用法。根据上下文这里是转折关系，而选项A、B、C都不表示
19、转折关系。）46.B 解析：考查句子层面的形容词含义和用法。这里所指的作息习惯是针对后面提到的夜间工作。这一相对不那么“正常”的作息习惯而言，因此最符合题意的是normal“正常的”。（词义辨析题。这句话里有go back to，从意思上理解不能选A；而temporary表示“短暂的，暂时的”；favourite“喜爱的”，一般不与habit搭配。）47.C 解析：adaptation(to)指“（对.的）适应性”，在文中提及人类作息时间转换的适应性时，用的都是adapt，故选C。（词汇线索题。考查句子层面的名词含义。虽然这里四个选项都可以和介词to搭配，但要与句中修饰该名词的过去分词词组bu
20、ilt up“逐步建立的”在意义上相搭配，change“转变”和return“回转”并不合适。在这里有“由不适应到适应”的含义，因此adaptation“适应”最合题意。tendency“倾向”由于缺少“适应”这一含义，也不合适。）48.A 解析：本题是考查由hand组成的四个词组的含义与区别。选项hand over“移交，让与”符合题意，因此为正确答案。（词义辨析题。hand in“上交”，hand out“取出，分发”，hand on“依次传递”与本句话的意思不符，可予以排除。）49.C 解析：此处作者要表达的是“看起来唯一的解决办法则是将夜班交给永远上夜班的工人，这些人即使在周末和假日里
21、也能保持夜间的清醒状态”。选项permanent表示“长期不变的”意思，符合句意。（词义辨析题。本题要求考生对比形近词和同义词的差别。temporary“暂时的，临时的”，contemporary“当代的，现代的”，perpetual“永久的，永恒的”，均不符题意。）50.A 解析：考查句子层面名词含义。由于句子里提到的是夜班的解决方法，因此，定语从句中暗示工人需要在周末和假期保持夜间不睡，A.wakefulness“清醒状态”符合句子含义。（词义辨析题。B.sleep“睡眠”和C.preference“偏爱”意思上不符合原文。选项D.habit有一定干扰性，habit可表示“作息习惯”，但从
22、句子的语义上来讲，habit语义太泛，不够具体，相对来说wakefulness“清醒状态”更具体，更明确，而且一种状态或症状与persist搭配也是十分常见，如：Instability may persist until the couple reorganizes itself.）51. That trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasnt bothered by his loudness by his lack of talent. (2004) A. as much as B. rather than C. as D. than 52. ,
23、 Ill marry him all the same. (2004)A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poor C. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich or poor53. The government has promised to do lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area. (2004) A. however B. whichever C. whatever D. wherev
24、er 54. if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand? (2004)A. Would you be surprised B. Were you surprised C. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised55.If not with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. (2004) A. bein
25、g treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated56. It is imperative that students their term papers on time. (2004) A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in57. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, to the truck. (2004)A. the gre
26、ater stress is B. greater is the stress C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stress58.The Minister of Finance is believed of imposing new tases to raise extra revenue. (2004) A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think59. Issues of price, place, promotion, and
27、product are conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. (2004) A. these of the most B. most of those C. among the most D. among the many of60. both sides accept the agreement a lasting peace be established in this region. (2004) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unles
28、s, would61. Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, for Europe this afternoon. (2004) A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave62. Stealthily out of the room. (2004) A. the girl crept B. crept the girl C. did the girl crept D. creeps the girl63. The manager is not likely
29、to agree to propositions. (2004) A. other these B. other all C. all other D. other any64. that the demand for gasoline continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before its price rockets to a terribly high level. (2004) A. Ascertaining B. Assuming C. Concerning D. Regarding65. On Chr
30、istmas Eve,our tree was decorated with shining , such as colored lights and glass balls. (2004) A. complements B. luxuries C. ornaments D. exhibits66. My husband didnt tell me the whole story.He always me. (2004) A. held out on B. prevailed on C. touched upon D. got off with67. It was suggested that
31、 all government ministers should information on their financial interests. (2004) A. discover B. uncover C. tell D. disclose68. As my exams are coming next week, Ill take advantage of the weekend to on some reading. (2004) A. catch up B. clear up C. make up D. pick up69. Im surprised they are no lon
32、ger on speaking terms.Its not like either of them to bear a . (2004) A. disgust B. curse C. grudge D. hatred70. Mary hopes to be from hospital next week. (2004) A. dismissed B. discharged C. expelled D. resigned71. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery,it becomes quite . (2004) A. invaluable B. p
33、riceless C. unworthy D. worthless72. Jimmy earns his living by works of art in the museum. (2004) A. recovering B. restoring C. renewing D. reviving73. I couldnt sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was . (2004) A. draining B. dropping C. spilling D. dripping74.The book gives a brief of
34、the course of his research up till now. (2004) A. outline B. reference C. frame D. outlook75. She was standing outside in the snow, with cold. (2004) A. spinning B. shivering C. shaking D. staggering76. All the rooms on the second floor have nicely carpets, which are included in the price of the hou
35、se. (2004) A. adapted B. equipped C. suited D. fitted77. He plays tennis to the of al other sports. (2004) A. eradication B. exclusion C. extension D. inclusion78. She answered with an “No ” to the request that she attend the public hearing. (2004) A. eloquent B. effective C. emotional D. emphatic79
36、. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is with life. (2004) A. vibrant B. violent C. energetic D. full80. We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago. weve had no further communication. (2004) A. Thereof B. Thereby C. Thereafter D. Thereabouts51.A 译文：那个喇叭手演奏的声音的确很大，但是让我感到烦躁的与其说
37、是他的吵闹还不如说是他的演奏毫无才情。 解析：固定用法。not so much A as B结构可以替换成：less A than B, not A but rather B, more B than A等结构，均相当于“与其说是A 还不如说是B”。如：I dont feel angry so much as sad.(与其说我是愤怒不如说我是伤心。)如果选择B，则原句应该为I was bothered by his lack of talent rather than by his loudness.52.D 译文：不管他是贫穷还是富裕，我都会嫁给他。 解析：让步状语从句的固定表达。“be
38、+ 主语 + 选择性表语”表示“不管是.还是.”，如：You are supposed to follow him, be he right or wrong.(无论对错你都应该听他的。)这一用法常见于正式表达中，还可以换一种表达形式为“whether + 主语 + be + 表语”，如：They should be able to refer you to the appropriate person in charge, whether it be the headmaster or the dean.(他们应该能把你推荐给相关的负责人，不论这人是校长还是系主任。)B缺主语和谓语，不能构成
39、完整的从句：A和C的倒装结构常见于条件状语从句，相当于If he was(were) rich表示虚拟，但这种情况下，就不应出现or poor这样的选择结构了，因此无论从语法还是从语义上来说都不正确。53.C 译文：政府承诺竭尽所能减轻洪灾地区的灾民所遭受的灾害。 解析：wh-名词性关系分句。这句话里需要一个关系代词引导动词do的宾语从句，并在从句中充当主语成分，四个选项中只有whichever和whatever能引导名词性关系分局，但whichever一词强调“多个选择中的任何一个”，而这句话里并没有选择的含义。而whatever相当于anything that，即相当于带有关系分句作后置修
40、饰语的名词词组，如：Ill do whatever( anything that ) you ask me to do.（我会做你要我做的任何事。）符合题意。however用于引导方式状语从句，wherever引导地点状语从句，皆不合题意。54.A 译文：如果我昨天不事先打招呼就来了你会觉得吃惊吗？ 解析：错综非真实条件句。在通常情况下，非真实条件从句如果使用的过去完成式，主句通常使用“would+动词的过去完成式”，表示对与过去事实相反的情况的假想。但在这句话里，主从句用在了直接疑问句里，是说话者的现场提问，显然是询问被疑问者的当时感受，因此，采用“would + 动词现在时态”，表示现在时
41、间。B和C都不是虚拟语气中主句的正确表达。55.B 译文：如果捷克觉得没受到他应得的尊重，他会变得脾气很坏，整日抱怨。 解析：从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一并省略。在这句话里，原句可以改成：If Jack is not treated with respect he feels due to him.又如：The child is never peevish unless(he is) sick.(这孩子只有在生病时才会变得脾气暴躁。)其他选项都不符合省略要求。56.A 译文：学生们必须按时上交期末论文。 解析：虚拟语气。在“it is + 形容词 + that从句”中，如果形容词是advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important