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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专业四级(TEM-4 2002)People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts,hisses and cries and (31) a very simple affair (32) . (33) , when we observe the language behaviour of (34) we regard as pri
2、mitive cultures, we find it (35) complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have at the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words (36) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the (37) Vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English. (38) these Eskimo words are far
3、 more highly inflected(词尾变化的) than (39) of any of the well-known European languages, for a (40) noun can be spoken or written in (41) hundred different forms, each (42) a precise meaning different form (43) of any other. The forms of the verbs are even more (44) .The Eskimo language is, (45) one of
4、the most difficult in the world to learn, (46) the result that almost no traders or explorers have (47) tried to learn it. (48) , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon (49) to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected w
5、ords. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Daish, Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually (50) by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.31. A. must be B. must have been C. ought to be D. should be32. A. in the beginning B. on the begi
6、nning C. in the end D. at the end33. A. However B. Therefore C. Probably D. Undoubtedly34. A. whose B. that C. which D. what35. A. conspicuously B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently36. A. so as B. so that C. as such D. as well as37. A. active B. passive C. associative D. decisive 38. A. Howeve
7、r B. Moreover C. Though D. Therefore39. A. the others B. all others C. these D. those 40. A. single B. singular C. plural D. compound41. A. some B. several C. various D. varied42. A. getting B. causing C. having D. owning43. A. / B. those C. that D. which44. A. endless B. multiple C. uncountable D.
8、numerous45. A. therefore B. yet C. still D. definitely46. A. with B. for C. owing to D. as 47. A. still B. indeed C. just D. even48. A. Sequentially B. Consequently C. Subsequently D. However49. A. alike B. similar C. related D. relevant50. A. referred to B. talked about C. spoken D. told译文：初次思考语言起源
9、的人们通常得出这样一个结论：语言是作为一种由嘟囔声、嘘声以及叫喊声组成的系统逐步发展起来的，而且在最初阶段肯定是非常简单的东西。然而，当我们观察那些在我们看来属于原始文化的语言行为时，我们发现他们复杂得令人惊讶。人们了解到，如果一个爱斯基摩人要与别人进行有效的交流，他必须拥有超过1万个单词的口头常用词汇量，这个数字远远大于一个讲英语的普通商人所拥有的积极词汇量。不仅如此，这些爱斯基摩单词的词尾变化也远比那些人们所熟知的欧洲语言中的任何一种的词尾变化要复杂得多，因为单单一个名词就可能有好几百种不同的读法或写法，而每一种形式都有与其他任何一种形式不同的准确的含义。动词的形式则更加变化多样了。所以，
10、爱斯基摩语是世界上最难学的语言之一，以至于商人或探险家中连试图学习这种语言的人都几乎没有。因此，在爱斯基摩人与白人的交流中产生了一种类似于中国旧社会使用的洋泾泙英语的混合语言，由300至600个无词尾变化的单词组成。这些词汇大部分来源于爱斯基摩语，但也有一些来源于英语、丹麦语、西班牙语、夏威夷语或其他语言。通常被旅行者们称作“爱斯基摩语”的正是这种混合语言。31.B 解析：考查情态动词的特殊用法。must have done 结构表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推断，如：He was late for class today, and must have overslept.(他今天上课迟到了，肯定
11、是睡过头了。) 从句意来看，这里是对语言的起源进行判断，是过去的事情，所以B为正确选项。（语法线索题。must be/do 结构表示对现在情况或状态的肯定推断。此题容易误选为D，但事实上should do与ought to do意义与用法基本相同，表示关于目前情况的主观态度和意见，而不是判断，所以不正确。）32.A 解析：词组in the beginning 表示“在开始时”，符合题意。（固定搭配题。没有on the beginning的搭配，故应予以排除。选项C（最终）和D（在.的末端）与句意不符。）33.A 解析：考查篇章分析能力。从上下文来看，上一句说人们通常得出的结论是语言在最初阶段肯
12、定是非常简单的东西；而这一句说通过观察，我们发现语言非常复杂，在意思上应该是对上句的转折，所以A符合文意，为正确选项。（语义线索题。Therefore“因此，所以”，probably“大概，也许”,undoubtedly“毋庸置疑地，的确地”，均不符题意。）34.D 解析：考查名词性从句引导词的用法。在本句中，what引导一个名词性从句，作介词of的宾语，同时在从句中作regard的宾语。what引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、介词宾语、主语补语等成分，如：What caused the accident is still a mystery.(事故的起因仍然是一个谜。)He wa
13、s not certain of what he wanted to do.(他不是很确定自己想做什么。) （语法线索题。That可以引导名词性从句，在句子中充当主语、宾语、主语补语、同位语等成分。但不能作介词宾语，所以不正确。whose和which在引导名词性从句时用法与what类似，也可以在句子中作主语、宾语、介词宾语、主语补语等成分，但whose后面要跟名词，明显不正确；而从句意上来说，what比which更合适。）35.C 解析：考查篇章分析能力。从句意来看，人们开始时总是认为语言的起源很简单，很原始，但观察后发现事实与人们料想的恰恰相反，因此这是一种意外，surprisingly表示
14、“令人惊讶地”，为正确选项。（语义线索题。Conspicuously表示“明显地”，sufficiently表示“足够地，充足地”。）36.A 解析：考查固定结构用法。so as to为固定结构，表示目的，如：He got up very early so as to catch the first train.（他起得非常早，以便赶上第一班火车。）（固定搭配题。B。so that 也表目的，但不与to连用，应直接跟从句。C.as much表示“.本身”，如：Success,as much,does not always bring happiness.(成功本身并不总是带来幸福。)D.as
15、well as 表示“也，同样”。从句意上来看，此处应表示目的，所以C和D不符合题意。）37.A 解析：本句话要表达的意思是“人们了解到，如果一个爱斯基摩人要与别人进行有效的交流，他必须拥有超过1万个单词的口头常用词汇量，这个数字远远大于一个讲英语的普通商人所拥有的积极词汇量。”理解了这句话并且知道“积极词汇量”即指用于“说”和“写”的词汇，和它对应的是“消极词汇”passive vocabulary,即用于“听”和“读”的词汇，就可以比较容易地选出正确答案。（语义线索题。B.passive“被动的”C.associative“结合的”，D.decisive“决定性的”，均不符题意。）38.B
16、 解析：考查篇章分析能力。从上下文来看，上一句说爱斯基摩人的常用单词量远远多于一个讲英语的普通商人；而这一句说这些爱斯基摩单词的词尾变化也非常复杂，在意思上是对上句的递进，所以B符合文意，为正确选项。（语义线索题。however或though都是表示转折和让步意义的。Therefore是表示结果的，均不符题意。）39.D 解析：考查比较句中替代词的用法。在比较句中，一般用that或those替代前文中提到过的人或物，that替代单数名词，those替代复数名词。（语法线索题。在比较结构中的连词than或as后如果比较的成分和前面内容重复，就应使用that或those来代替。此处those代替前
17、面的words。）40.A 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。这句话意思在强调爱斯基摩单词词尾变化的复杂性。a single noun表示“单单一个名词”，single在句子中恰好可以起到强调的作用，所以符合文意，为正确选项。（语义线索题。其他三个选项都可与noun搭配，singular noun表示“单数名词”，plural noun表示“复数名词”，compound noun表示“复合名词”，但都不符合文意。）41.B 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。Several作形容词时后面可与名词或数量单位词hundred, thousand,million等搭配，表示“几个”，“数（百、千、万）”。
18、several hundred 在这里表示“数百.”，与另一个形容词different一起，用来修饰名词中心词forms，符合文意。（语义线索题。Some表示“一些”时后面与名词搭配，表示“大约”时后面可与数词搭配，但一般不直接与单位词搭配，如：Some five hundred people took part in the long race.(大约五百人参加了这次长跑。)various和varied本身就表示“不同的，多种多样的”，与本句中的different冲突，此外这两个词与数词或单位词搭配时一般位于其后，如：This company has made investments in
19、five various countries.）42.C 解析：表示“具有某种意义”应该用have a meaning表示。C正确。（词汇线索题。getting和causing一般不与meaning搭配。owning表示“有，拥有”时一般指财物，不与meaning搭配。）43.C 解析：解答本题须注意在“X be different from Y”结构中，X和Y代表的应是相同地位的两个名词。就本题来说，是单词意思的不同，要用单数的that才符合题意。（语法线索题。选项A、B、D无此用法。）44.D 解析：考查句子层面形容词的含义。numerous表示“为数众多的，许多”，与可数名词搭配，可作表
20、语或定语，D符合题意，为正确选项。（语义线索题。A.endless表示“没有尽头的，无限的”，一般与单数名词或不可数名词搭配，强调时间概念上的“无穷尽”，如：There endless bickering got on everyones nerves.(他们没完没了的争吵让大家都感到很心烦。)B.multiple表示“有多个.的”，“有许多分支的”，如：This building serves multiple purposes.(这栋大楼有多种用途。)C.uncountable表示“不可数的”。）45.A 解析：此处要填入一个表示递进、因果关系的副词。选项A可以作为插入语，符合上下文或篇章
21、语气，既承接上文又表因果关系，故正确。（语义线索题。yet是表示转折意义，不符题意。）46.A 解析：考查固定搭配。with the result that.表示“结果是.”，A符合题意。（语义线索题。as也可与result搭配，但一般用于as a result（of）结构，如：It rained on end for days.As a result,the sports meet was put off.(雨不停地下了好几天，结果运动会被延期了。)）47.D 解析：考查句子层面副词的含义。D.even表示“甚至”，“连.都”，在本句中与否定词no连用，起加强语气的作用，表示“连.都没有”，
22、符合句意。（语义线索题。A.still表示“仍然，还是”，与否定词连用时表示“还没有”；B.indeed表示“确实，事实上”，一般指确实发生过的事情；C.just表示“刚刚，正好，只是”，一般用于肯定句中。从用法和句意来看，这三项都不符合题意。）48.B 解析：此处要填入的是起衔接作用的副词，只有B（因此）起了很好的前后衔接的作用。(语义线索题。A.Sequentially表示“连续地”；C.Subsequently表示“以后，后来”；D.however表示“然而”，均与前后文不衔接，可予以排除。)49.B 解析：考查句子层面形容词的搭配和含义。similar to表示“与.相似的”，B符合文
23、意。（语义线索题。A.alike表示“一样的，看似的”，一般在句子中作状语，不与to搭配，如：The two office buildings are alike in size and shape.(这两栋办公大楼的大小和形状相似。)C和D都可与to搭配，但含义不符合句意。related to 表示“与.相联系的，与.有关的”，relevant to表示“与.相关的”）50.A 解析：考查固定搭配。refer to sth./sb. as 表示“把.称作”，如：He referred to this man as his best friend.(他把这个人称作是他最好的朋友。)（固定搭配题
24、。其他三个选项都没有跟as搭配这一用法。）51. She did her work her manager had instructed.(2002) A. as B. until C. when D. though52. of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night. (2002) A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All53. For some time now,world leaders out the necessity for agreement on arms red
25、uction. (2002) A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed54. Have you ever been in a situation you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? (2002) A. by which B. that C. in where D. where55. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, s
26、hould make great differences in our life next summer. (2002) A. which B. what C. that D. they56. AIDS is said the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in that region. (2002) A. being B. to be C. to have been D. having been57. She managed to save she could out of her wages
27、to help her brother. (2002) A. how little money B. so little money C. such little money D. what little money58. Fool Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (2002) A. who B. as C. that D. like59. The experiment requires more money than . (2002) A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been
28、put in D. to be put in60. for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam. (2002) A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 61. What courses are you going to do next semester?I dont know.But its about time on something. (2002)A. Id decide B. I decided C. I d
29、ecide D. Im deciding62. Look! There is a of fish! (2002) A. shoal B. gang C. bench D. swarm63. I suppose that he is just joking, ? (2002) A. dont I B. isnt he C. isnt it D. is it64. Never believe him, who was such a character. (2002) A. gracious B. suspicious C. conspicuous D. minutious65. A friends
30、hip may be deep, lasting, or , casual and situational. (2002) A. critical B. identical C. superficial D. original66. It is believed that children of two or three years old are able to learn any language if they are it. (2002) A. involved in B. indulged in C. disposed to D. exposed to67. The police h
31、ave offered a large for information leading to the robbers arrest. (2002) A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward68. I arrived at the airport so late that I missed the plane. (2002) A. only B. quite C. narrowly D. seldom69. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers fears were completel
32、y . (2002) A. unjustified B. unjust C. misguided D. unaccepted70. The head of the Museum was and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts. (2002) A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging71. The multinational corporation was making a take-over for a property company. (2002) A. applicat
33、ion B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion72. The partys reduced vote was of lack of support for its polidies. (2002) A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident73. There has been a lack of communication between the union and the management. (2002) A. regretful B. regrettable C. regretting D. regret
34、ted74. The teacher expects his students to pass the university entrance examination. (2002) A. confidentially B. proudly C. assuredly D. confidently75. The family in Chinese cities now spends more money on housing than before. (2002) A. normal B. average C. usual D. general76. The new colleague to h
35、ave worked in several big corporations before he joined our company. (2002) A. confesses B. declares C. claims D. confirms77. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few from the novel. (2002) A. pieces B. essays C. fragments D. extracts78. During the summer holiday season it
36、 is difficult to find a(n) room in the hotels here. (2002) A. empty B. vacant C. free D. deserted79. The old couple will never the loss of their son. (2002) A. get over B. get away C. get off D. get across80. Scientific research results can now be quickly to factory production. (2002) A. used B. app
37、lied C. tried D. practiced51.A 译文：她按经理的指示工作。 解析：连词的含义与用法。as作为连词可以引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，依照；正如；像”，如：I have changed my idea as you suggest.(我按照你的建议改变了主意。) As all his friends agree,he was warmhearted and generous.(正如他所有的朋友所认为的那样，他热心而慷慨。)其他三项也都是连词，until和when引导时间状语从句，though引导让步状语从句，但它们引导的从句都应该是完整句，而本句中的instruct是
38、及物动词，必须带宾语才能构成完整句，因此B、C和D项不正确。52.C 译文：那对双胞胎中谁也没有被捕，因为我昨晚在一个晚会上看到他们俩了。 解析：代词的含义。从本句的意思来看，应该选“两者都不”，所以C为正确选项。A.None表示三者或三者以上中“一个都不”；B.Both表示“两者都”；D.All 表示“所有.都”。53.B 译文：一段时间以来，世界各国的领导者们一直指出有必要在武器削减方面达成共识。 解析：动词的时态用法。本句中的时间状语是for some time now，既表示过去到现在的一段时间，又包括现在阶段，所以应该选择表示动作从过去持续到现在并仍在进行的现在完成进行时。54.D
39、译文：你是否碰到过这样一种情况，你明知对方是正确的却又不能同意其观点？ 解析：从句引导词用法。D.where在这里相当于in which，引导地点状语从句修饰先行词situation。55.A 译文：我们刚在公寓里装了两台空调，这样我们明年夏天的生活就大不一样了。 解析：非限定性从句引导词用法。B.what和C.that都不能引导非限定性定语从句。如选D会造成两个完整句并列无连词，语法同样不正确。56.C 译文：据说在过去的几年里，艾滋病一直是那个地区的头号杀手，对男性和女性都是如此。 解析：固定搭配及时态用法。be said to表示“据说，听说”，后跟不定式现在时态指现在或将要发生的事；后
40、跟不定式完成时态指已经发生的事，如：This building is said to have been built form the design of a famous architect.(据说这栋大楼是根据一位户名建筑师的设计建造的。)本句中的时间状语是over the past few years，说明这是已经发生的事，故C正确。57.D 译文：她尽可能地从自己的工资里省下一些钱来帮助她弟弟。 解析：what的特殊用法。what可以用作定语,表示“所.的都.”，如：What few friends I have been very kind to me.（我所拥有的为数不多的朋友都对
41、我很好。）在这种用法中，如果what结构中的动词在前文中已出现，则需省略，如：I will give you what help I can(此处省略give).在原句中，could后面事实上省略了save。而其他几个选项中的how,so, such都无此特殊用法。58.B 译文：简再笨也不可能做这种事。解析：as引导让步状语从句的用法。As引导让步状语从句时，从句的补语（表语）或状语置于句首，则从句主谓倒装。补语若是名词，前置时不用限定词。如：Rich as he is, I dont envy him.(尽管他是那么富有，我并不羡慕他。)Teacher as she is,she is n
42、ot capable of teaching all subjects.(尽管她是老师，她也不可能会教所有的课程。)though与as有相同的用法，如：Clever though you may be,you cannot work out this problem.(虽然你很聪明，但也做不出这道题。)59.C 译文：这个实验还需要更多的资金投入。 解析：than做连词引导比较分句的用法。than作连词时，既有连接主句和分句的作用，又充当从句中的主语，如：He bought more things than was needed.(他买的东西比他需要的多。)60.A 译文：要不是因为摔断了腿，她或许已经通过了考试。 解析