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1、专题10非谓语动词精讲深剖真题速递一单句语法填空1.（2019全国I卷）Modem methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area. 2.（2019全国I卷）Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human set
2、tlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. 3.（2019全国II卷）A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for _ (be)Britains oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. 4.（2019全国II卷）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene _
3、(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.5.（2019全国II卷）When we got a call _ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 6.（2019全国III卷）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get)there. 7.（2019全国III卷）On t
4、he last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，_ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.8.（2019浙江高考）When the children are walking or _ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see the
5、m.9.（2019浙江高考）But some students didnt want _ (wear) the uniform.10.(2019北京卷)Nervously _ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.二单项选择1.(2019江苏卷) _ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.A. To enjoyB. Enjoying
6、C. To have enjoyedD. Enjoy2.（2019天津卷）_ to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned3.（2019江苏卷） Chinas image is improving steadily, with more countries_ its role in international affairs.A. recognizingB. being recogn
7、izedC. to be recognizedD. recognized4.(2018北京)_ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled5.(2018北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. shar
8、e B. to share C. having shared D. shared6.(2018北京) Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. use7.(2018天津） I didnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat；
9、trying8.（2018天津）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take9.（2018江苏）Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding三单句改错
10、1.（2019全国I卷）All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 2.（2019全国III卷）Now my dream is to opens a cafe. 考纲解读近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。知识梳理一非谓语动词做状语1分词作状语
11、分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。Hearing the news, they got excited.听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许
12、会成为国际明星。2动词不定式作状语(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。To learn English well, his father
13、 bought him a dictionary.()【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)You dont have to run fast or for long_ (see) the benefit.2.(2018全国卷)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality.3.(2017浙江6月高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _(cook) a meal.4.(
14、2016浙江10月高考) Soon after, I was on my way to the show, _ (carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile.5.(2016全国卷)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots，_(use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.二非谓语动词作定语1动词不定式作定语动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词
15、之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)你有一封信要写吗？Do you have the ability to read and write in English?(同位关系)你有用英语读写的能力吗？2分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系
16、且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。I have never seen a more moving film.我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。The houses being built are for the teachers.正在建的房子是给老师的。The broken glass is Toms.这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。boiling water正沸腾的水boiled water开水3动名词作定语动
17、名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。a walking stick a stick for walking 手杖a sleeping car a car for sleeping 卧铺车【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018浙江11月高考)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _ (call) caffeinism.2.(2017浙江6月高考)But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object.3.(2016全国卷)But my c
18、onnection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.三非谓语动词作补语1后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语宾语to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：advise建议 allow允许
19、ask询问；要求beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.她耐心地向学生解释了
20、所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。He depends on you to help him with his English.他指望你帮助他学英语。(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动
21、语态)有人看见小偷进了银行。(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.He is said to have been cheated in the street.据说，他在大街上被骗了。The accident is reported to have killed two people.据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。2非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役
22、动词的宾补(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：I saw him leave a few minutes ago.我看见他几分钟前离开了。As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。Id like to see the plan carried out.我想看到这个计划被执行。(2)使役动词ma
23、ke, let, have, get后接复合宾语的情况：make宾语The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。let宾语Dont let your child play with matches.别让你的孩子玩火柴。Let the work be done immediately.工作要马上去做。He had the computer working all the nig
24、ht.他让电脑工作了一夜。He had his wallet stolen on his way home.在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。She got her bike running very fast.她把自行车骑得飞快。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。3动词leave, keep, find, catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况(2)keep(3)find (4)catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2017全国卷)They are required_ (pro
25、cess) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.2.(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends _ (camp), I would have laughed heartily.四非谓语动词作宾语1动词不定式作宾语(1)跟不定式作宾语的动词：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装decide/determine, learn, want
26、, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词动词不定式”作宾语。Please tell me when to start the project.请告诉我何时开始这个项目。(3)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe
27、后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。We think it our duty to protect the environment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。2动名词作宾语(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appre
28、ciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape(2)由“动词介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote . to . (致力于), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。Its time I got down to thinking abo
29、ut that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：【考题印证】单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.2.(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challe
30、nged. 3.(2018浙江6月高考)I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years.4.(2017全国卷) Fast food is full of fat and salt; by_ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.5.(2017全国卷)This included digging up the road，_ (lay) the track and then buildi
31、ng a strong roof over the top.6.(2017全国卷) But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _(rest)7.(2016浙江高考)He would ask who we were and pretend not _ (know) us.8.(2016全国卷)My ambassadorial duties will include_(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and
32、others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.五非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他1动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。Its a great pleasure to talk with you.和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。名师指津在“It is/wasadj.for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foo
33、lish, generous等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。2动名词作主语动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：(1)It is/was a waste (of .)/no use/no good doing sth.(2)T
34、here is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.It is no good coming before that.在那之前来没有用。There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。3动词不定式与动名词作表语动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。My dream is to enter Beijing University.我的梦想是考入北京大学。My job is teaching you English.我的工作是教你们英语。4分词作
35、表语表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。Please describe a dog that is frightening.请描述一只令人害怕的狗。Please describe a dog that is frightened.请描述一只惊恐的狗。【考题印证】单句语法填空1. (2018江苏高考改编)_ (develop) the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.2.(2016浙江高考)I
36、t was both _ (excite) and frightening to be up there!六独立主格结构独立主格结构的几种形式：1名词/代词(主格)非谓语动词Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是Weather而非we)明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he)他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。2名词/代词(
37、主格)形容词/副词/介词短语The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.学生们正在讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。The boy came in, sword in hand.男孩走进来，手里握着剑。名师指津为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。3with/without宾语(名词/代词)宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with/without，构成with/without复合结构。Without any
38、one noticing, I stole into the room.没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。非谓语动词的时态和语态1动词不定式的时态和语态时态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生to doto bedone进行式在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行to be doing完成式在谓语动词的动作之前发生to havedoneto havebeen done完成进行式发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行to havebeen doingThe boy pretended to be studying hard when h
39、is teacher came in.当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天要举行的会议很重要。2动名词和现在分词的时态和语态时态形式意义主动语态被动语态一般式与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生doingbeing done完成式先于谓语动词的动作完成having donehaving been doneDo you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？Having finished his homework, he went to bed.完成作业后，他上床睡觉
40、了。3非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.你的试卷需要再检查一遍。考点精讲“3招”巧解语法填空解题1分析非谓语动词发生的时间以及非谓语动词与其
41、逻辑主语的关系(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系， 且正在进行，要想到用现在分词形式(doing)；(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，且表完成， 要想到用过去分词形式(done); (3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作，或作目的状语，或跟在表示喜怒哀乐的形容词后表示原因或意料之外的结果等， 要想到用不定式形式(to do)。【思路点拨】1According to the study, when (face) the new challenges, fast walkers are more likely to be active while quiet people tend to
42、 walk more slowly.2The hobby (select) by teens depends upon their free time.3Last summer I was lucky _ (spend) a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and neat beautiful house!4When his father discovered his son practising on a violin one day, he gave him
43、a beating, (say) that he was going to beat the music out of the boy.2掌握非谓语动词的固定句式结构(1)Its形容词(for/of sb.)to do sth.；(2)Its no good/use/pleasure doing sth.；(3)find/think/believe/consideritadj.to do sth.；(4)be likely to do sth.很可能做某事。【思路点拨】5It is common (find) this type of poetry, calligraphy art, hang
44、ing in peoples homes.6People with positive attitude are more likely _ (succeed) than those with negative attitude.7Everyone in our class is working hard and doing what we could (enter) a good university.3牢记后跟非谓语动词的特定动词(1)牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词；(2)牢记用动词不定式或分词作补足语的动词。【思路点拨】8Last year, scientists saw some monkeys (rub) themselves with a certain kind of insects to protect themselves from fierce mosquitoes biting.9The Old Town is definitely worthy _ (see)10So, what kinds of food do you avoid (eat)?短文改错解题“2视角”1从非谓语动词构成角度检查(1)检查是否该有不定式符号to; (2)检查动名词或分词是否正确。2从非谓语动词用法角度检查(1)检查介词后的非谓