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1、 GrammarGrammar 不定式可作主语、宾语、状语不定式可作主语、宾语、状语（目的，结果）、表语和定语，（目的，结果）、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。但不能单独作谓语。Infinitive1 结构结构 : to do (否定否定) not to do 二二. 时态与语态时态与语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done -(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to
2、be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式一般式表示与谓语的动作同时表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎几乎/发生在发生在它之后它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也不定式的动作也正在进行正在进行)(完成式完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主语主语不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.My j
3、ob to help the patient.Your task to clean the classroom.isis(2). 表语表语常在系动词后面，作表语常在系动词后面，作表语I want to go home.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.(3) 宾语宾语Think/ consider/ find it + adj to do 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:ask, agree, afford, choose, decide,
4、determine, expect, decide, hope, like, learn, offer, pretend, prefer, plan, want, wish, refuse, manage, The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.(4). 宾补宾补五看五看 watch see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二听二听 listen to hear一感觉一感觉: feelWarn, tell, allow, hel
5、p, ask, force等等+sb to do sth+ sb do sth省略省略toI made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).不定式用在介词不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词如果这些介词前有行为动词do的的各种形式各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you lik
6、e to do besides sleep.Note 1Note 2I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定定语语如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, ,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词. .Eg.请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，不定
7、式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。而且放在其他后置定语之后。NoteI came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语状语In order to , so as to , enough to ,only to , too.to.,常充当原因、结果、目的状语等常充当原因、结果、目的状语等We were very excited to hear the news (原因原因)He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果结果)(7).独立结
8、构独立结构 to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truthTo tell the truth, I dont agree with you.1. had better/had best + (not) do sth.最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. cannot but 3. cannot choose but +do sth. 不得不做不得不做 4. cannot help but5. Why (not) do sth.?6. prefer to do/prefer doing7. prefer + n./doing to + n./doing8
9、. prefer + to do sth. rather than (to) do sth.From the text To have been caught in a sandstorm was a terrible experience. There was nothing to be done. To be cycling in a sandstorm is frightening.主语主语主语主语定语Identify the functionIdentify the function of the Infinitive. of the Infinitive.(subject)(subj
10、ect)(predicative)(attribute).1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. 4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself
11、. (attribute)(object)(object)(adverbial)(adverbial).5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. 8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.