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1、2018 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案Part I Writing (30 minutes)For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance academic study and extracurricular activities. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words 。Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections
2、: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark t
3、he corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.In what s probably the craziest headline I ve ever written, I ve reported that 26 in lives
4、tock protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the butts of cows. The experiment is based upon the idea that farmers who re protecting their herd from lions would shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their livestock. While this makes a lot of sense, it results in many lion de
5、aths that 27 would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been 28 and testing a method of trickery to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts. This idea is based on the principle that lions and other 29 are far less likely to attack when they feel they
6、are being watched. As conservation areas become smaller, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are expanding to the 30 of these protected areas. Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem crazy at first, but they could make actual headway in the fight for con
7、servation. “ If the method works, it could provide farmers in Botswana-and 31 with a low-cost, sustainable tool to protect their livestock, and a way to keep lions safe from being killed.”Lions are 32 ambush（埋伏） hunters, so when they feel their prey has 33 them, they usually give up on the hunt. Res
8、earchers are 34 testing their idea on a select herd of cattle. They have painted half of the cows with eyes and left the other half as normal. Through satellite tracking of both the herd and the lions in the area, they will be able to 35 if their psychological trickery will work to help keep farmers
9、 from shooting lions. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of th
10、e paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Resilience Is About How You Recharge, Not How You EndureA As cons
11、tant travelers and parents of a 2-year-old, we sometimes fantasize about how much work we can do when one of us gets on a plane, undistracted by phones, friends, or movies. We race to get all our ground work done: packing, going through security, doing a last-minute work call, calling each other, th
12、en boarding the plane. Then, when we try to have that amazing work session in flight, we get nothing done. Even worse, after refreshing our email or reading the same studies over and over, we are too exhausted when we land to soldier on with （继续处理）the emails that have inevitably still piled up. B wh
13、y should flying deplete us? We re just sitting there doing nothing. Why can t we be tougher, more resilient （有复原力的）and determined in our work so we can accomplish all of the goals we set for ourselves? Based on our current research, we have come to realize that the problem is not our hectic schedule
14、 or the plane travel itself; the problem comes from a misconception of what it means to be resilient, and the resulting impact of overworking. C We often take a m ilitaristic, “ tough ” approach to resilience and determination like a Marine pulling himself through the mud, a boxer going one more rou
15、nd, or a football player picking himself up off the ground for one more play. We believe that the longer we tough it out, the tougher we are, and therefore the more successful we will be. However, this entire conception is scientifically inaccurate. D The very lack of a recovery period is dramatical
16、ly holding back our collective ability to be resilient and successful. Research has found that there is a direct correlation between lack of recovery and increased incidence of health and safety problems. And lack of recovery whether 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - -
17、 - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - by disrupting sleep with thoughts of work or having continuous cognitive arousal by watching our phones is costing our companies $62 billion a year in lost productivity. E And just because work stops, it doesn t mean we are recovering. We “ stop ”
18、work sometimes at 5pm, but then we spend the night wrestling with solutions to work problems, talking about our work over dinner, and falling asleep thinking about how much work we ll do tomorrow. In a study just released, researchers from Norway found that 7.8% of Norwegians have become workaholics
19、（工作狂） . The scientists cite a definition “ workaholism” as “ being overly concerned about work, driven by an uncontrollable work motivation, and investing so much time and effort in work that it impairs other important life areas.”F We believe that the number of people who fit that definition includ
20、es the majoriy of American workers, which prompted us to begin a study of workaholism in the U.S. Our study will use a large corporate dataset from a major medical company to examine how technology extends our working hours and thus interferes with necessary cognitive recovery, resulting in huge hea
21、lth care costs and turnover costs for employers. G The misconception of resilience is often bred from an early age. Parents trying to teach their children resilience might celebrate a high school student staying up until 3am to finish a science fair project. What a distortion of resilience! A resili
22、ent child is a well-rested one. When an exhausted student goes to school, he risks hurting everyone on the road with his impaired driving; he doesn t have the cognitive resources to do well on his English test; he has lower self-control with his friends; and at home, he is moody with his parents. Ov
23、erwork and exhaustion are the opposite of resilience and the bad habits we acquire when we re young only magnify when we hit the workforce. H As Jim Loehr and Tony Schwartz have written, if you have too much time in the performance zone, you need more time in the recovery zone, otherwise you risk bu
24、rnout. Gathering your resources to “ try hard” requires burning energy in order to overcome your currently low arousal level. It also worsens exhaustion. Thus the more imbalanced we become due to overworking, the more value there is in activities the allow us to return to a state of balance. The val
25、ue of a recovery period rises in proportion to the amount of work required of us. I So how do we recover and build resilience? Most people assume that if you stop doing a task like answering emails or writhing a paper, your brain will naturally recover, so that when you start again later in the day
26、or the next morning, you ll have your energy back. But surely everyone reading this has had times when you lie in bed for hours, unable to fall asleep because your brains is thinking about work. If you lie in bed for eight hours, you may have rested, but you can still feel exhausted the next day. Th
27、at s because rest and recovery are not the same thing.名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - J If you re trying to build resilience at work, you need adequate internal and external recovery periods. As researchers Zijlstr
28、a, Cropley and Rydstedt write in their 2014 paper: “ Internal recovery refers to the shorter periods of relaxation that take place within the frames of the work day or the work setting in the form of short scheduled or unscheduled breaks, by shifting attention or changing to other work tasks when th
29、e mental or physical resources required for the initial task are temporarily depleted or exhausted. External recovery refers to actions that take place outside of work e.g. in the free time between the work days, and during weekends, holidays or vacations.” If after work you lie around on your bed a
30、nd get irritated by political commentary on your phone or get stressed thinking about decisions about how to renovate your home, your brain has not received a break from high mental arousal states. Our brains need a rest as much as our bodies do. K If you really want to build resilience, you can sta
31、rt by strategically stopping. Give yourself the resources to be tough by creating internal and external recovery periods. Amy Blankson describes how to strategically stop during the day by using technology to control overworking. She suggests downloading the Instant or Moment apps to see how many ti
32、mes you turn on your phone each day. You can also use apps like Offtime or Unplugged to create tech free zones by strategically scheduling automatic airplane modes. The average person turns on their phone 150 times every day. If every distraction took only 1 minute, that would account for 2.5 hours
33、a day. L In addition, you can take a cognitive break every 90 minutes to charge your batteries. Try to not have lunch at your desk, but instead spend time outside or with your friends not talking about work. Take all of your paid time off, which not only gives you recovery periods, but raises your p
34、roductivity and likelihood of promotion. M As for us, we ve started using our plane time as a work-free zone, and thus time to dip into the recovery phase. The results have been fantastic. We are usually tired already by the time we get on a plane, and the crowded space and unstable internet connect
35、ion make work more challenging. Now, instead of swimming upstream, we relax, sleep, watch movies, or listen to music. And when we get off the plane, instead of being depleted, we feel recovered and ready to return to the performance zone. 36. It has been found that inadequate recovery often leads to
36、 poor health and accidents.37. Mental relaxation is much needed, just as physical relaxation is.38. Adequate rest not only helps one recover, but also increases one s work efficiency.39. The author always has a hectic time before taking a flight.40. Recovery may not take place even if one seems to h
37、ave stopped working.41. It is advised that technology be used to prevent people from overworking.42. Contrary to popular belief, rest does not equal recovery.43. The author has come to see that his problem results from a misunderstanding of the meaning of resilience.44. People s distorted view about
38、 resilience may have developed from their upbringing.45. People tend to think the more determined they are, the greater their success will be.名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - Section CDirections: There are 2 passage
39、s in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions
40、46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Children with attention problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke University. The study included 386 kindergarteners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site clinical trial in the
41、U.S. that in 1991 began tracking how children developed across their lives. With this study, researchers examined early academic attention and socio-emotional skills and how each contributed to academic success into young adulthood. They found that early attention skills were the most consistent pre
42、dictor of academic success, and that likability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performance. By fifth grade, children with early attention difficulties had lower grades and reading achievement scores than their peers. As fifth-graders, children with early attention problems obtained av
43、erage reading scores at least 3% lower than their contemporaries and grades at least 8% lower than those of their peers. This was after controlling for IQ, socio-economic status and academic skills at school entry. Although these may not seem like large effects, the impact of early attention problem
44、s continued throughout the children s academic careers. Lower reading achievement scores and grades in fifth grade contributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby contributed to a 40% lower high school graduation rate. “ The children we identified as having attention difficulties were not
45、 diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （注意力缺乏多动症）（ADHD ）, although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest attention difficulties can increase the risk of negative academic outcomes,” said David Rabiner, an associate dean of Duke s Trinity College
46、 of Arts & Sciences, whose research has focused on ADHD and interventions to improve academic performance in children with attention difficulties. Social acceptance by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade, Children not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower g
47、rades in fifth grade, while those with higher social acceptance had higher grades. 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 10 页 - - - - - - - - - “ This study shows the importance of so -called non-cognitive or soft skills in contributing to chi
48、ldren s positive peer relationships, which, in turn, contribute to their academic successs,” said Kenneth Dodge, director of the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy. The results highlight the need to develop effective early interventions to help those with attention problems stay on track academ
49、ically and for educators to encourage positive peer relationships, the researchers said. “ We re learning that student success requires a more comprehensive approach, one that incorporates not only academic skills but also social, self- regulatory and attention skills,” Dodge said. “ If we neglect a
50、ny of these areas, the child s development lags. If we attend to these areas, a child s success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”46. What is the focus of the new study from Duke University?A) The contributor to children s early attention.B) The predictors of children s academic suc