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1、XXXX 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语冲刺试题( (二二) ) 下下【正确答案】 D A stress the settlement of biggerproblems. B focus their attention on great issues.C overlook the remembrance of trivial things. Dsuffer memory decline related to age.32、Aording to new research,its distinct that（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 A A our bra
2、in cells can be producible.B our memory may be renewable. C most mentalillnesses are curable. D brainmending methods areavailable.33、The phrase “nuts and bolts” in Par.3 most probablymeans（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 D A basic structures. B plex tasks.C practical aspects. D working parts.34、 As asserted by rese
3、archers,our inability to memorizewords or names mainly（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 A A results from the declining efficiencyof brain cells. B results in the brains liability toradical interference. C consists of different mentaldisorders. D consists in various emotional problems.35、Experts suggest that the best
4、 way to avoid memoryfailures is（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 B A to take more dietary supplements.B to keep mental function alive. C to find anintellectual oupation. D to do more intellectualexercises. 二、阅读理解题(每题 2 分，共 40 分)阅读以下短文，理解意思后选择以下答案中正确的一个Non-indigenous (non-native) species of plants and animalsarrive b
5、y way of two general types of pathways. First,species having origins outside the United States may enterthe country and bee established either as free-livingpopulations or under human cultivation-for example, inagriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, or as pets. Somecultivated species subsequently e
6、scape or are released andalso bee established as free-living populations. Second,species of either U.S. or foreign origin and already withinthe United States may spread to new locales. Pathways ofboth types include intentional as well as unintentionalspecies transfers. Rates of species movement driv
7、en byhuman transformations of natural environments as well as byhuman mobility-through merce, tourism, and travel-greatlyexceed natural rates by parison. While geographicdistributions of species naturally expand or contract overhistorical time intervals(tens to hundreds of years),species- ranges rar
8、ely expand thousands of miles or acrossphysical barriers such as oceans or mountains.Habitat modification can create conditions favorable to theestablishment of non-indigenous species. Soil disturbed inconstruction and agriculture is open for colonization bynon-indigenous weeds, which in turn may pr
9、ovide habitatsfor the non-indigenous insects that evolved with them.Human-generated changes in fire frequency, grazingintensity, as well as soil stability and nutrient levelssimilarly facilitate the spread and establishment of non-indigenous plants. When human changes to naturalenvironments span lar
10、ge geographical areas, theyeffectively create passages for species movement betweenpreviously isolated locales. The rapid spread of theRussian wheat aphid to fifteen states in just two yearsfollowing its 1986 arrival has been attributed in part tothe prevalence of alternative host plants that areava
11、ilable when wheat is not. Many of these are non-indigenous grasses remended for planting on the fortymillion or more acres enrolled in the U.S. Department ofAgriculture Conservation Reserve Program.A number of factors perplex quantitative evaluation of therelative importance of various entry pathway
12、s. Time lagsoften our between establishment of non-indigenous speciesand their detection, and tracing the pathway for a long-established species is difficult. Experts estimate thatnon-indigenous weeds are usually detected only after havingbeen in the country for thirty years or having spread to atle
13、ast ten thousand acres. In addition, federal portinspection, although a major source of information on non-indigenous species pathways, especially for agriculturepests, provides data only when such species enter viaclosely-examined routes. Finally, some parisons betweenpathways defy quantitative ana
14、lysis-for example, which ismore “important”： the entry path of one very harmfulspecies or one by which many but less harmful species enterthe country?36、Which of the following statements about speciesmovement is best supported by the text?（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 D A Human factors affect species movementrat
15、es more than its long-term amount. B Naturalexpansions of species aount for their slow naturalcontractions. C Natural environments created by humanactivities contribute much to species movement. D Long-range movement of species depends on the geographic extentof human mobility.37、Aording to the text
16、, the U.S. Department of Agriculture（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 A A contributed to the fast distributionof the Russian wheat aphid to broad areas. B failed toisolate the Russian wheat aphid in limited locales. Cprovides data about foreign species entering the country byregulated routes. D is responsible for in
17、troducingharmful plants onto federal lands.38、It can be inferred that all of the following affect themovement of species EXCEPT（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 B A earth fertility. B importrestrictions. C natural obstacles. D fire disasters.39、To determine the entry pathway for a non-native speciesis LEAST likely t
18、o depend on（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 D A whether the species is considered tobe a pest. B whether the species enters by a closely-checked route. C the rate at which the species extendsgeographically. D the magnitude of the average numberof the species.40、Which of the following may best express the chiefpurpo
19、se of the last paragraph?（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 C A To explain the difficulties in tracingthe pathways for long-established species. B Todescribe the events usually leading to the detection of anon-indigenous species. C To identify the problems inassessing the weight of entry tracks for foreign species.D
20、To discuss the role of time lags and geographicexpansion of species in species detection. 三、完形填空(每题 2 分，共 10 分)选择以下答案中正确的一个If you fail to stoke a fire,its flames at some time willdie.Yet the great fire of the Sun has burned nonstop forabout 5000 million years with no apparent sign of goingout.41).Pe
21、ople in many cultures regarded the Sun as amiraculous gift from the gods,quite different from earthlyfires and therefore not likely to fail them unless the godswere made angry.We now know that the Sun will eventuallyburn away.42).The Sun is posed of almost 75 per cent hydrogen and 25 percent helium,
22、plus much smaller amounts ofoxygen,carbon,neon,nitrogen,magnesium,iron and silicon.Itis known as a main sequence star,one that shines by burninghydrogen.43). Thus, the Sun is both burning fuel andcreating it. As the hydrogen store diminishes,its stock ofhelium grows.The light and heat ing now from t
23、he Sun wereactually produced in its core many millions of years ago.When we burn fuel on a fire,we are converting matter-woodor coal-partly into energy.The more efficient the fire,themore heat it produces.44).This loss of hydrogen is slightwhen pared to the Suns enormous bulk.Even though it isposed
24、of light gas,the Sun weighs some 300,000 times asmuch as the Earth.And it loses about 4 million tones ofmatter every second.45).If that sounds depressing,take heart!If the Sun switchedoff its power tomorrow,it would be ten million years yearsbefore its surface cooled sufficiently for anybody on Eart
25、hto feel the chill.In 5000 million years time,humans maywell have found an answer to impending doom.41、（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 A A We,one earth,soak up a tiny fraction-perhaps onehundredmillionth-of the Suns vastenergy.The rest of its awesome output of heat and lightvanishes beyond the plas and into space.
26、 B Scientistspredict that the Sun has enough hydrogen to keep the firegoing for another 5000 million years,about as long again asit has already burned. It will then gradually,like theheart of a dying fire,change color,turning in this casefrom white to yellow and red until,finally,as a blackdwarf,it
27、disappears from sight. C The Earthsatmosphere,which normally shields it from the intense heatof the Sun,would drift away. Then the Earths oceans wouldboil and vanish in steam.Without the cooling effect of itsatmosphere and oceans,Earth itself would turn into amassive ball of fire. D At the Suns hear
28、t,thehydrogen was once pressed with such force that it started anuclear reaction.In this giant furnace,the hydrogen isconverted by nuclear fusion into another bustiblegas,helium,in a reaction similar to that in an Hbomb.E Before its great fire dies,the Sun will turn into ared giant,bloated(swollen)t
29、o about 100 times its currentsize.It will swallow up Mercury and then Venus,the nearestto it plas. F The Sun is an extremely efficientfurnace,but even so the helium it generates to keep thegreat fire going is only 92.3 per cent of the hydrogen itburns.The other 7.7 per cent vanishes in several forms
30、 ofenergy,mainly heat,light and X rays. G Tests show thatits temperature fluctuates.Since 1979,it seems to havecooled by onetenth of per cent,but that is not a signthat the great fire is going out.Space scientists believethat,because of the Suns volatile nature,this minorchange may soon be reversed.
31、42、（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 G A We,one earth,soak up a tiny fraction-perhaps onehundredmillionth-of the Suns vastenergy.The rest of its awesome output of heat and lightvanishes beyond the plas and into space. B Scientistspredict that the Sun has enough hydrogen to keep the firegoing for another 5000 million
32、 years,about as long again asit has already burned. It will then gradually,like theheart of a dying fire,change color,turning in this casefrom white to yellow and red until,finally,as a blackdwarf,it disappears from sight. C The Earthsatmosphere,which normally shields it from the intense heatof the
33、Sun,would drift away. Then the Earths oceans wouldboil and vanish in steam.Without the cooling effect of itsatmosphere and oceans,Earth itself would turn into amassive ball of fire. D At the Suns heart,thehydrogen was once pressed with such force that it started anuclear reaction.In this giant furna
34、ce,the hydrogen isconverted by nuclear fusion into another bustiblegas,helium,in a reaction similar to that in an Hbomb.E Before its great fire dies,the Sun will turn into ared giant,bloated(swollen)to about 100 times its currentsize.It will swallow up Mercury and then Venus,the nearestto it plas. F
35、 The Sun is an extremely efficientfurnace,but even so the helium it generates to keep thegreat fire going is only 92.3 per cent of the hydrogen itburns.The other 7.7 per cent vanishes in several forms ofenergy,mainly heat,light and X rays. G Tests show thatits temperature fluctuates.Since 1979,it se
36、ems to havecooled by onetenth of per cent,but that is not a signthat the great fire is going out.Space scientists believethat,because of the Suns volatile nature,this minorchange may soon be reversed.43、（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 D A We,one earth,soak up a tiny fraction-perhaps onehundredmillionth-of the Suns
37、 vastenergy.The rest of its awesome output of heat and lightvanishes beyond the plas and into space. B Scientistspredict that the Sun has enough hydrogen to keep the firegoing for another 5000 million years,about as long again asit has already burned. It will then gradually,like theheart of a dying
38、fire,change color,turning in this casefrom white to yellow and red until,finally,as a blackdwarf,it disappears from sight. C The Earthsatmosphere,which normally shields it from the intense heatof the Sun,would drift away. Then the Earths oceans wouldboil and vanish in steam.Without the cooling effec
39、t of itsatmosphere and oceans,Earth itself would turn into amassive ball of fire. D At the Suns heart,thehydrogen was once pressed with such force that it started anuclear reaction.In this giant furnace,the hydrogen isconverted by nuclear fusion into another bustiblegas,helium,in a reaction similar
40、to that in an Hbomb.E Before its great fire dies,the Sun will turn into ared giant,bloated(swollen)to about 100 times its currentsize.It will swallow up Mercury and then Venus,the nearestto it plas. F The Sun is an extremely efficientfurnace,but even so the helium it generates to keep thegreat fire
41、going is only 92.3 per cent of the hydrogen itburns.The other 7.7 per cent vanishes in several forms ofenergy,mainly heat,light and X rays. G Tests show thatits temperature fluctuates.Since 1979,it seems to havecooled by onetenth of per cent,but that is not a signthat the great fire is going out.Spa
42、ce scientists believethat,because of the Suns volatile nature,this minorchange may soon be reversed.44、（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 F A We,one earth,soak up a tiny fraction-perhaps onehundredmillionth-of the Suns vastenergy.The rest of its awesome output of heat and lightvanishes beyond the plas and into space.
43、 B Scientistspredict that the Sun has enough hydrogen to keep the firegoing for another 5000 million years,about as long again asit has already burned. It will then gradually,like theheart of a dying fire,change color,turning in this casefrom white to yellow and red until,finally,as a blackdwarf,it
44、disappears from sight. C The Earthsatmosphere,which normally shields it from the intense heatof the Sun,would drift away. Then the Earths oceans wouldboil and vanish in steam.Without the cooling effect of itsatmosphere and oceans,Earth itself would turn into amassive ball of fire. D At the Suns hear
45、t,thehydrogen was once pressed with such force that it started anuclear reaction.In this giant furnace,the hydrogen isconverted by nuclear fusion into another bustiblegas,helium,in a reaction similar to that in an Hbomb.E Before its great fire dies,the Sun will turn into ared giant,bloated(swollen)t
46、o about 100 times its currentsize.It will swallow up Mercury and then Venus,the nearestto it plas. F The Sun is an extremely efficientfurnace,but even so the helium it generates to keep thegreat fire going is only 92.3 per cent of the hydrogen itburns.The other 7.7 per cent vanishes in several forms
47、 ofenergy,mainly heat,light and X rays. G Tests show thatits temperature fluctuates.Since 1979,it seems to havecooled by onetenth of per cent,but that is not a signthat the great fire is going out.Space scientists believethat,because of the Suns volatile nature,this minorchange may soon be reversed.
48、45、（此题分值：2 分）【正确答案】 B A We,one earth,soak up a tiny fraction-perhaps onehundredmillionth-of the Suns vastenergy.The rest of its awesome output of heat and lightvanishes beyond the plas and into space. B Scientistspredict that the Sun has enough hydrogen to keep the firegoing for another 5000 million
49、 years,about as long again asit has already burned. It will then gradually,like theheart of a dying fire,change color,turning in this casefrom white to yellow and red until,finally,as a blackdwarf,it disappears from sight. C The Earthsatmosphere,which normally shields it from the intense heatof the
50、Sun,would drift away. Then the Earths oceans wouldboil and vanish in steam.Without the cooling effect of itsatmosphere and oceans,Earth itself would turn into amassive ball of fire. D At the Suns heart,thehydrogen was once pressed with such force that it started anuclear reaction.In this giant furna