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1、Modal verbs I Modal verbs I Unit 1 GrammarUnit 1 GrammarObjective掌握一些情态动词的用法。掌握一些情态动词的用法。1. He must have gone to Beijing.2. The door was locked. She couldnt have been at home.3. They may be still waiting for us.他一定已经去北京了。他一定已经去北京了。门是锁着的，门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。所以她不可能在家。他们可能还在等我们呢。他们可能还在等我们呢。4. He might have
2、 read about the news in the newspaper.5. You should have told him a week ago.6. Can you give me some suggestions? 7. They wanted to know when you would go to the park. 他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。你能给我一些建议吗？你能给我一些建议吗？他们想知道你们什么时候去公园。他们想知道你们什么时候去公园。情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话
3、人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs)(Modal Verbs)Words like can, will, may, must, and afew others are called modals. Modal verbs help other verbs express a meaning or an idea. Some common uses of the modals are these:Ability: 1 H
4、e can speak English now. 2 He couldnt speak English a year ago. 3 Im not able to come to the game on Friday.Permission: All passengers may now board. We can board now.Obligation: You must fasten your seat belts. (strong) You should pay attention. (weak) You ought to pay attention.Possibility: 1 It m
5、ay rain. 2 How could I forget an important thing like that? 3 He cant/couldnt have known the result.Meanings similar to those of the modals can often be conveyed by real verb forms:He has to.=must is able tospeak English=can is allowed to.=may is supposed to=should 情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，除
6、情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought 和和have外，后面只能接不带外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。的不定式。 2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有 些情态动词，如些情态动词，如can, will也有一般式也有一般式 和过去式的变化。和过去式的变化。只作情态动词的只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的可情态可实义的 need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的 have to, used to3.
7、 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区别形式并不是时间区别 的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的 现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示 现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。下面我们具体了解一下几下面我们具体了解一下几个常用情态动词的用法。个常用情态动词的用法。 1. can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测表示说话者的推测事物的可能性事物的可能性: eg. Ca
8、n the news be true? C. 在口语中在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许： eg. Can I sit here? can和和could2. could的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. could是是can的过去式的过去式, 表示与过去表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求表示请求, 但语但语 气较气较can客气、委婉客气、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dic
9、tionary? Could I use your bike? 3. can和和could接动词的完成形式，表接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑用在否定和疑问句中问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 eg. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.may常用来表示：常用来表示： A. 表示请求、允许表示请求、允许： 比比can较为正式较为正式: eg. May I come in? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测: “也许也许
10、” “可可能能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。may和和might eg. I believe the man is from England. But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，在肯定句中，may的可能性比的可能性比can高，高， may表示现实的可能性，表示现实的可能性，can表示理论表示理论 上的可能性。如：上的可能性。如： The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路
11、可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿表示祝愿; 但语气较正式但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might的用法有的用法有: 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 除了在间接引语中以外，除了在间接引语
12、中以外，might一般不一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可表示过去的许可可以用可以用was (were) allowed to或者或者had permission to。 表示现在的可能，其可能性要比表示现在的可能，其可能性要比may 小。如：小。如： He might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可，语气比表示现在的许可，语气比may较委婉，较委婉， 一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句），一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句）， 不可用于肯定句或
13、者否定句。不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？我可以和你说句话吗？will和和would 1. will是助动词是助动词还还是情态动词？是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表示用于表示“意志意志”“”“决心决心”“”“请求请求”是是情态动词。情态动词。would亦同理。亦同理。 eg. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。我要告诉你一些重要的事。 （助动词）（助动词） Will you tell her that
14、Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ （情态动词）（情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。求或询问。 eg: If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助如果你需要帮助, 让我知道让我知道, 好吗好吗?Will you type this, please? 请把这个打请把这个打一下一下，好吗？，好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下，好吗？请坐下，好吗？ 3. would比比will客气委婉。客气委婉。 eg: Would you help
15、us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？（表请求）（表请求）Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。我要和你一块到那儿去。 Your teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。老师不会允许这件事。（表意愿）（表意愿）（表许可）（表许可）shall和和should 1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，用于征求对方的意见， 表示表示“决心决心”是情态动词。是情态动词。 eg: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England thi
16、s winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时（构成一般将来时, 助动词）助动词） Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。我必须立即去。 （表（表 “决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词） 2. should表示义务、建议、劝告表示义务、建议、劝告，意意为为“应该应该”。 “should+have+过去分过去分词词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。表示本应该在过去做但没
17、有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。她应该通过考试的。must的主要用法的主要用法 1. 表示必然性。表示必然性。 eg: We must all die. 人总要死的。人总要死的。 2. 表示强制或者义务。表示强制或者义务。 eg: You must get up early. 你必须早起来。你必须早起来。 注意注意: must not的意思是不许可，不应的意思是不许可，不应该或者禁止。该或者禁止。 如：如：We mustnt wast
18、e our time. - May I take this magazine out?- No, you mustnt. must用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应该用答应该用yes, please或者或者Im afraid so, 其否定回答应该用其否定回答应该用neednt或者或者dont have to。表示推测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的表示推测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用在肯定句。意味，一般用在肯定句。It must be eleven oclock now.He must be crazy.在表示推测的否定或者疑问句中必须在表示推测的否定或者疑问句
19、中必须用用can/could, 不可以用不可以用must。If Mary didnt leave here until fiveoclock, she cant be home yet.如果玛丽五点才离开这儿如果玛丽五点才离开这儿，她，她此时一定此时一定还未到家。还未到家。1. _ I go out to play, mum? No, you _. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt2. Where is Emma?
20、 I cant say for sure where she is, but she _ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be4. May I sit beside you, sir? Sorry, you _. Look, my daughter is coming. A. cant B. mustnt C. need
21、nt D. shouldnt5. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though he is a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must6. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt7. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A.
22、must B. may C. shall D. shouldReview情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为态的态度，认为“可能可能”、“应当应当”、“必要必要”等等。等等。复习下列情态动词：复习下列情态动词：may / might, can / could, will / would, shall / should, must / cant1. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. (2006湖南湖南) A. c
23、an; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must I. Multiple choice. 2. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007全国全国I) A. will B. would C. should D. must 3. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _ have driven h
24、er there. (2007陕西陕西) A. could B. must C. might D. should4. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (2007江苏江苏) A. should B. could C. must D. might5. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. (2007江西江西) A
25、. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put6. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone boarding. (2008上海上海) A. may B. can C. would D. should7. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (2008山东山东) A. can manage B. coul
26、d have managed C. could manage D. can have managed8. But for their help, we _ the program in time. (2009安徽安徽) A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished9. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. (2009浙江浙江) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. ne
27、ednt D. shouldnt 10. Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (2009湖南湖南) A. must B. will C. may D. need11. The traffic is heavy this day. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽宁辽宁) A. can B. must C. need D. might 12. What do you mean, there are only t
28、en tickets? There _ be twelve. (2009全国全国I) A. should B. would C. will D. shall13. Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? She _ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. (2009重庆重庆) A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 14. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.
29、 (2010全国全国I) A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not15. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. (2010江苏江苏) A. could B. shall C. must D. may 16. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”
30、(2010浙江浙江) A. need B. can C. must D. would17. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. (2010上海上海) A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt18. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全国全国) A. will
31、 B. can C. must D. should19. I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. (2011北京北京) A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not 20. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011全国全国II) A. can B. should C. must D. may21. Shal
32、l I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建福建) A. will B. must C. may D. can 22. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it. (20
33、11江苏江苏) A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 23. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. (2011四川四川) A. can B. may C. must D. should24. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南湖南) A. can B. need
34、C. must D. might 25. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西陕西) A. might B. must C. could D. shall II. 根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句子。 1. A: _ (我可以跟朋友我可以跟朋友 去去) to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you may.2. A: If I want to be a doctor, _ _ (我应该学理科吗我应该学理科吗)?
35、 B: I think so. 3. “Your story sounds moving. _ (它会是真的吗它会是真的吗?)” she asked.May I go with friendsshould I studyscience Can it be true? 4. I dont know where she is, she _ _ (可能在武汉可能在武汉). 5. At this moment, our teacher _ (想必在批改想必在批改) our exam papers. 6. The road is wet. It _ (肯定下雨了肯定下雨了) last night. 7.
36、 Your mother _ _ (一定一直在找你一定一直在找你).maymust be markingmust have rainedmust have been lookingbe in Wuhanfor you8. Philip _ _ (可能在车可能在车 祸中受了重伤祸中受了重伤). 9. Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here. She _ (可能上班可能上班) by bus.10. Mike _ (一定还没有找一定还没有找 回回) his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.may (might) have been hurtmay (might) have gonecant have foundseriously in the car accident