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1、by lijianpingPresent perfect tenseEddie has lived with Millie since he was born.埃迪自从出生以来，一直和米莉住在一起。Eddie has lived with Millie for four years. Eddie has eaten my food.埃迪已经和米莉居住在一起四年了。埃迪吃了我的食物。（“居住居住”这个动作从出生一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）这个动作从出生一直延续到现在，可能还要继续延续下去。）（“居住居住”这个动作从这个动作从4年前延续到现在，可能还会继续延续下去。）年前延续到现在，可
2、能还会继续延续下去。）Eddie ate my food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.一、现在完成时的定义一、现在完成时的定义1.过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。或结果。动词构成：动词构成：have/has+v过去分词过去分词had breakfastI have had my breakfast.(现在我不饿现在我不饿)Im not hungry nowI have turned on the lights.(现在不用再开了现在不用再开了)过去现在特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过特点是既涉及过去
3、，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。去发生的，结果是现在存在的。 She has gone. (她走了。她走了。)从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出出“走走”的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。造成的结果是她不在这里了。（2 2）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在造成的影响或结果。( (汉语中常用汉语中常用“已经已经”、“过过”、“了了”等表达等表达) ) 通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词通常与表示包括现在在
4、内的时间副词just(just(句中）句中）, , already(already(句中，句末）句中，句末）, before(, before(句末）句末）, , yetyet（句末）（句末）, never, never（句中）（句中）, ever, ever（句中）（句中）,recently,recently( (句末句末) )等状语连用。例如：等状语连用。例如： 1.Eddie has just eaten my food. (Eddie已经吃了我的食已经吃了我的食物。）物。）2.I have never heard of that before.（我以前从未听说过那（我以前从未听说过那件
5、事）件事）3. Have you ever ridden a horse?（你曾经骑过马吗？）（你曾经骑过马吗？）4.She has already finished the work.（她早已经完成这个工作了。）（她早已经完成这个工作了。）5.We havent finished our homework yet. (我们还没有完成作业呢。我们还没有完成作业呢。) 标志词具体用法：标志词具体用法：already(用于肯定用于肯定陈述句）陈述句）, just（位于谓语动词前）（位于谓语动词前）, yet（否定句或疑问句）（否定句或疑问句）, ever（多用（多用于疑问句，问初次经历）于疑问句，
6、问初次经历）, never（多（多用于否定陈述句）用于否定陈述句）, recently,before(句末句末)等连用等连用注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有alreadyalready或或just just 时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already already 或或just just 去掉，在句末加上去掉，在句末加上yet.yet. I havent seen the film yet.2 I have done my homework already.I havent done my homework yet.3.
7、 Mother has just cleaned the house.Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.1 I have seen the film already. 2.动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来。动词构成：动词构成：have/has+v过去分词过去分词worked in DanYangin 2000I still work hereI have worked in DanYang for 12 years.I have worked in DanYang since 2000/ since 12
8、 years ago.过去现在可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。 如如forfor、since since 等引导的等引导的时间状语时间状语。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间。（注意：句中谓语动词要用延续性动词）时间状语的表达方法有两种状语的表达方法有两种: : 1.Eddie has lived with Millie for 4 years.2.Eddie has lived with Milliesince he was born.since 2006for: + 一段时间一段时间 for a year, for two weeks. 过去的某一时刻过去
9、的某一时刻, since last week, since 2008Since 一段时间一段时间+ago, since 9 years ago, + 一般过去时态的时间状语从句一般过去时态的时间状语从句:since you came since I was bornsince 4 years ago.Let try!用用since或或for填空：填空：1.I have been at this school _more than two years.2. She has worked in the factory _ ten years ago.3. Mr. Green has lived i
10、n the city _he was born.4. His father has been a party member _ twenty years.forforsincesincefor or since1. We have lived here _ 1990.2. How long have you studied here ? _ 5 years .3. The boy has had a bad cold _ last night .4. Mr. Huang has kept the books _ a week ago .5.I have taught in the school
11、 _ I came here .6We have been friends _ a long time . for+一一段时间段时间 since+时间点时间点 since+时间段时间段+ago since+句子（一般过去时）句子（一般过去时）sinceForsincesincesincefor 标志词（标志词（2）：这种用法还可与）：这种用法还可与 for +一段时间一段时间, since+过去的时间点过去的时间点, these years, so far, up to/till now（直到现在）（直到现在） in/during/over the past /last few/three y
12、ears（在过去（在过去/最近几年、最近几年、三年里）三年里） several times（几次）（几次）,等连用等连用3.到现在为止这一时间段中，多次发生的动作。I have been to Guilin twice. 1.规则动词 2.不规则动词finish-finished-finishedlive-lived-livedcarry-carried-carriedstopstopped-stoppedEg.gowentgonesee-sawseenforgetforgot-forgotten过去分词的构成过去分词的构成上一页 Typeoriginal p.t p.pcostcostcos
13、treadreadreadcomecamecomerunranrunmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaughtspeakspokespokenforgetforgotforgottendrinkdrankdrunkeatateeatenABBAAA ABCABA二、现在完成时的构成二、现在完成时的构成1. 现在完成时的肯定句句型现在完成时的肯定句句型 主语（第一、二人称单、复数主语（第一、二人称单、复数)+have 主语（第三人称复数）主语（第三人称复数） +have +过去分词过去分词 主语（第三人称单数主语（第三人称单数） +has 2. 现在完成时的否定句句型现在完成时的否定
14、句句型 主语主语+have/has+not+过去分词过去分词+ I have not seen the movie yet. He hasnt been to Beijing since then We have lived in Beijing. He has lived in Beijing. I have finished my homework.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句句型现在完成时的一般疑问句句型 Have/Has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. Have you finished the work? Has she arrived here?4.现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型现在完成
15、时的特殊疑问句句型 特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+. How many times have you been to the Great Wall?exercise1.I _ (do) my homework already.2.He _(not finished) his homework yet.3._you ever _(be) to Beijing?4.We _ never _ (see) such an exciting match before.5.Mother _ just _(clean) the house. Please dont co
16、me in.6.They _(practice) this dialogue twice.have donehas not finishedHavebeenhaveseenhascleanedhave practiced1.We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2009.2.Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.3.They _(write) 15 songs so far.4.The population _ (grow) more slowly in the pa
17、st ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grown四.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.上一页下一页Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾去过颐和园吗你曾去过颐和园吗?) I have never had a car.I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)五五. .现在完成时还常与句型现在完成时还常与句型 This is the first This is t
18、he first timetime，Its the first time Its the first time 连用。连用。上一页下一页This is the first time he has driven This is the first time he has driven a car .a car .这是他第一次开车。这是他第一次开车。E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China. 1 He
19、 has become a doctor.他已经成为一名医生 He has been a doctor for five years.他当医生已经五年了。 2 His grandfather has died.他爷爷已去世了。 His grandfather has been dead for ten years.他爷爷已经去世10年了。 3 The film has begun.电影已经开始了。 The film has been on for five minutes.电影已经开始5分钟了。非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法非延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法 有一些动词是瞬间动词，也叫非延续性
20、动词，这些动词的动作一发生就结束了。这些动词可用于现在完成时，但不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用。如果句子中有表示一段时间的状语，需将非延续性动词改为延续性动词。切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：arrive begin(start)die come backleave fall ill(sick, asleep)open close join borrow buy finish/end get/come to get married be in/on/atbe onbe deadbe backbe away
21、 (from)be ill(sick, asleep)be openbe closedbe in/ be a member ofkeephave be over be in/on/at be married 1.I _this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept2.The Greens _many places of interest since they came to China.A. will visit B. visited C. ha
22、ve visited D. visit3.My parents _ Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been4.Im sorry, I _ your name.A. had forgotten B. forgot C. have forgotten D. forgotten5.Her brother _the Party since 1978.A. joined B. has joined C. has been in D. was inExercise:1. 用所给动
23、词的适当形式填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空：He (buy) his bike for over two years.She (borrow) this book for nearly three weeks.Kitty (arrive) in Hong Kong since two days ago.She (leave) her home for a month.Simon (join) the football club since last year. He (die) for some time.They (get) married for more than ten years.M
24、y cousin (come) in Beijing for a week.The parade (begin) for almost an hour.The conference (stop) since last Sunday.has hadhas kepthas beenhas been away fromhas been inhas been deadhave been marriedhas beenhas been onhas been over慧眼识错1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2. My bother has joined t
25、he army since he was 18.3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold? have kepthas been in/ been a member of the armysince 5 years ago/ for 5 yearscame didcatch6. Ten years have passed since they got married
26、.7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.8.What time have the factory opened?9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen to10. They have got married for fifteen years.11. The parade has been on an hour ago .12. The sheep has died for quite some time.13. The winter holiday ha
27、s stopped since last Saturday.14.Kitty have borrowed this CD for two weeks. 15.She has looked after her son since six monthssince an hour agohas keptforbeenbeen deadbeen overhave been to 曾经去过某地（已返回）曾经去过某地（已返回）Someone went to some place and has already come backhave been in 去某地一段时间去某地一段时间 someone sta
28、y in some place for some time have gone to 去了某地去了某地 （没有回来）（没有回来）Someone went to some place and is still there A BAA BB stay have/has gone to:已经去了已经去了某地或人还在某地或人还在途中途中，人，人还没有返回还没有返回； have/has been to:曾经去过曾经去过某地，现在某地，现在已经回已经回来了来了,后面可接表示后面可接表示“次数次数”的状语的状语; have/has been in:表示某人表示某人“已在某地停留一已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在
29、那里段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带，其后常带表示一段时间表示一段时间的状语。的状语。 2、三者的、三者的常见用法常见用法 have been (to) + 地点地点+次数次数 have been (in) + 地点地点 + for/since have gone (to) + 地点地点3、共同点共同点 当后跟地点是当后跟地点是副词副词 (home,here,there)时，介词时，介词 省略。省略。1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei? B: He _his school library.2.The Greens _China for three years. We _the Gre
30、at Wall twice. Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been toTranslation:Translation: 她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。 She has been to Shanghai before. 他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。 He has been in Shanghai for ten years. 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。的影响，与现在有关。
31、 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关过这一动作，与现在无关。 他已学英语五年了他已学英语五年了。 He has studied English for five years. 他曾学过五年英语。他曾学过五年英语。 He studied English for five years. （说明他还继续学下去）（说明他还继续学下去） （只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。） 一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语：显的时间状语： 遇到遇到yesterda
32、y, Last year, in May, in+过去过去某一年，某一年，two days ago, just now等就用一等就用一般过去时。般过去时。当有当有 so far, in the past/ last few days(在过在过去去/最近的几年里最近的几年里)，since接过去时间状语接过去时间状语或过去时的句子或过去时的句子等常用现在完成时。等常用现在完成时。 用所给词的适当形式填空：用所给词的适当形式填空：He _(work) in our school for one year.He _(come) to our school last year.They _(cook)
33、the supper already.They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.movelivelovelikevisitrepairwatchfinishvisited visited repaired repairedwatched watchedfinished finishedmoved moved lived lived loved loved liked liked verbed以以e结尾结尾dstopmoptrapplanstopped stopped mopped moppedtrapped trappedplanned planned
34、注注:以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写双写最后一个辅音字母最后一个辅音字母ed双写双写edstudy hurrystudied studiedhurried hurried去去yied注注:以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词,去去yied.Exercises:bringbuy fallfeel speak thinkwritebrought broughtbought boughtfell fallenfelt feltspoke spokenthought thoughtwrote written实力测验实力测验: 用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词
35、的适当形式填空1.1.They_(go) to the cinema already.They_(go) to the cinema already.2.2.Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) Mr. And Mrs.Li _(not come) back yet.back yet.3.3.John_ (be)to the USA a few John_ (be)to the USA a few times.times.4.4.We _ (not see)that film yetWe _ (not see)that film yet5.5.I _ (not talk)to
36、my cousin I _ (not talk)to my cousin since last Friday.since last Friday.6.6.You _ (not visit)me for a You _ (not visit)me for a long time.long time.have gonehave not comehas beenhave not seenhave not talkedhave not visited7. Tom _ (buy) the bike for 2 years.8.I (not finish) the work yet.9. you (kno
37、w) him since then?10.I _ (hear) from my father recently.11.We _ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.12.The dog _ (die) since 3 days ago.13.They _ (finish)the work so far.14.How long you _ (stay) at home yet?15.I _ (not read) the book before.16. He just (do) it.17.My sister _ (walk) to school e
38、very day last year.18.We _ (have) an exam again sometime next week.19.By 2012, we _ (plant) 2000 trees.20.Lucy _ _ (go) to Shanghai. She _ (leave)this morning. havent finishedHaveknownhave heardhave beenhas been deadhave finishedhavestayedhavent readhasdonewalkedwill havehave plantedhas gonelefthas
39、had中考链接一一.选择填空选择填空 1、Uncle Dong is _from time to time because he misses his old friends.A. lonely B. alone C. happy D. unkind2、Mr and Mrs Black _ back _.A. hasnt come, yet B. havent come , yet C. havent , come already D. hasnt come , already3、We havent seen each other _.A. for a long time B. two day
40、s ago C. for two days ago D. a long time ago.4、It has been in service _ 1998.A. in B. at C. or D. since5、It _ seven years _ Hong Kong return to China. A. was, since B. is, since C. was, after D. is , after6、- Where are Mike and Jack?- They _ the library.A. have gone B. have been to C. has been to D.
41、 has gone to7、There is a new bridge _ Sunshine Bridge.A. call B. to call C. called D. calling.8.I _ you a happy holiday.A. hope B. wish C. want D. like9.I enjoy _ my friends on the internet on Sundays.A. chat B. chatting C. chatting to D. chatting with.10.In a dictionary which is always before tram.
42、A. train B. try C. tree D. true11.The place _ be the home of wild red cranes.A. is used to B. used to C. is used D. was used to12.We hope you _ a happy holiday in Hong Kong.A. to have B. having C. had D. will have13.The old man was not _ to climb up the hill.A. healthy B. enough healthy C. health enough D. healthy enough14.- _ you _ the book _ to the library yet. - Yes. I have.A. Have ，returned，/ B. Have， returned， back C. Did return ，/ D. Did， return，back15.He has _ finished his homework. Hes now _ a rest.A. yet, having B. just, has C. ever, has D. already, having.