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1、名词性从句一律用陈述句语序。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：类： 连接词：连接词：that, whether, if (不充当从不充当从句的任何成分）句的任何成分） 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why 从属连词that在名词性从句中，不担任任何成分，没有词义，有时可以省略。由由 that 引导的主语从句时。引导的主语从句时。 that不能省略不能省略:1.That we shall be late is certa
2、in.2. _ is known to all. (地球是圆的地球是圆的)3. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会) that 无意义无意义, 后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子.That the earth is roundThat you missed the chance 从属连词whether.在名词性从句中不担任任何成分，但有词义，做“是否”解一般不可省略。在宾语从句中，常用if 来代替whether. 。但若宾语从句做动词discuss或介词的宾语或后面紧跟有or not，则只可用whether。（注意，在其他名词性从句中表示“是否”之意时，只用whet
3、her.）1.whether 引导主语从句（包括从句在句引导主语从句（包括从句在句首的位置）首的位置）应当用应当用whether，不用，不用if，如：，如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will come, I am not sure. 2. 引导表语从句用引导表语从句用whether，不用，不用if，如：，如： The question is whether you should accept it. 3. whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而而if 则不能，如：则不能，如： Im not
4、interested in whether theyll go or not. It depends on whether we have got enough money. 4. whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if 则则不能，如：不能，如： I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 5.引导同位语从句用引导同位语从句用whether，不用，不用if，如：，如： The question whether hell attend the
5、meeting is essential. 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 在名词性从句中都担任成分，都有词在名词性从句中都担任成分，都有词义，都不能省略。义，都不能省略。 连接代词连接代词what常可常可在主、宾、表语从句中担任主、宾、在主、宾、表语从句中担任主、宾、表语（不用来引导同位语从句）。表语（不用来引导同位语从句）。引导名词性从句的that和what That引导主从,宾从,表从时在句中无词义,只起连接作用.引导宾语从句时that可省略.引导主语从句时常用形式主语it代替主语从句.what引导主
6、从,宾从,表从时,不但起连接作用,而且有具体意义,意为the things that (which)所.的人或物.简言之,从句中如果主语或宾语都不缺少时,连接词用that,否则用what. The fact is that we are far behind the developed countries in science and technology. The village is no longer what it used to be ten years ago. 从宾语从句从宾语从句 object clause 说开去说开去: The object clauses can be d
7、ivided into the following groups 宾语从句可分为如下几类宾语从句可分为如下几类, 这种分类方法也这种分类方法也同样适用于其他几种名词从句同样适用于其他几种名词从句: 1.陈述句分句陈述句分句,由无实际意义的由无实际意义的 that 引导引导, that 常可省略常可省略. We do not agree (that) the computer helps us a lot. 2.一般疑问句分句一般疑问句分句,由由 whether 或或 if 引导引导. I cant tell whether/if hes coming or not. 3.特殊疑问句分句特殊疑问
8、句分句,由关系代词或关系副词引导由关系代词或关系副词引导. I wonder who has taken my dictionary. Have you found out where the trouble lies? 4.感叹分句感叹分句,由由 what 和和 how 引导引导. I remember what a fine voice she had. He was astonished to find out how fast she could run. a. It + be +形容词形容词+ that-从句从句 It is necessary that 有必要有必要 It is i
9、mportant that 重要的是重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显很明显 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用置于句末，用it充当形式主语充当形式主语。 b. It + be + -ed 分词分词+ that-从句从句 It is believed that人们相信人们相信 It is known to all that 从所周知从所周知 It has been decided that 已决定已决定 用用 it 作形式主语的作
10、形式主语的that- 从句从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：有以下四种不同的搭配关系： c. It + be +名词名词+ that-从句从句 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识 It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从句从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：有以下四种不同的搭配关系： 用用 it 作形式主语的作形式主语的that- 从从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： d. It +不及物动词不及物动词+ that-分
11、句分句 It appears that 似乎似乎 It happens that碰巧碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起 练习:用用it充当形式主语充当形式主语 That we shall be late is certain. - 1. That the earth is round is known to all. - 2. That you missed the chance is a pity. - Its known to all that the earth is round.That you missed the chance.Its cert
12、ain that we shall be late. 注意： It is said that. It is believed that. 等句型是固定用法,其中的主语从句不可以放在句首.同位语从句 在句中作同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句.它用以进一步说明与它同位的名词所表示的具体内容.常可带同位语从句的名词有:advice,belief,doubt,dream,hope,idea, knowledge,message,news,order,possibility,promise,problem,question,suggestion, thought,truth,view,wish,word等
13、。 同位语从句的连词一般有that和whether.在某些连词后面有时亦可用连接副词how,when,where,why等.同位语和定语从句定语从句的区别 1.同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容;定语从句则对其先行词起修饰,限制的作用,起句法功能相当于一个形容词. 2.引导同位语从句时没有词义,也不在从句中担任成分,但不能省略,而引导定语从句时则代表先行词的词义,在从句中必须担任成分,作宾语时常可省略. 试比较: Mike told me his idea that we had better go to the teacher for help. The idea (that) Mike
14、 told me just now is very good.同位语从句定语从句 他们问我到哪里去寻找所需要的书. 我不知道这工作是否值得做.They asked me the question where they can find the books needed.I have no idea whether the work is worth doing. 3.和引导的从句前面的名词如果分别表示时间、地点或原因,则为关系副词,引导定语从句;否则是连接副词,引导同位语从句.Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it r
15、ains often.I have no idea where we should hold the meeting.定语从句同位语从句1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days. A. which B. what C. that D. how3.It _ Joe drives badly. A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought tha
16、t D. is thought that4.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what5.This is _ she was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what6.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when7.The question is _ it is worth doing. A. if B. whether C.
17、which D. what8.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what9.My suggestion is _ we should turn the land into rice fields. A. what B. that C. which D. where 10.His proposal is that the dam _ at the foot of the mountain. A. build B. wi
18、ll build C. be built D. will be built 11.My advice is that he _ regular house. A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept 12._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who 13.We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun. A. that B. which C. what D. whether 14.We heard the news _ our team had won. A. which B. that C. what D. where 15.The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided. A. which B. that C. whether D. if16.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where