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1、2022吉林软件水平考试考试考前冲刺卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.(31) data effectively is crucial for success in today’s competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and puts
2、 it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (32) in hardware and software. (33) integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. (34) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source documen
3、t it contains. (35) provides an overview of the program written in plain English, without the computer syntax.（35）是（）A.High-levellanguageB.DecisiontreeC.PseudocodeD.Flowchart2.It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended quest
4、ion. (101) is a means to capture ideas, relationships, decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to c
5、onvey. In general, a UML model is made up of one or more (102) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the relationships between these things. These (103) can be representations of real-world objects, pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is comm
6、on for an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled. UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (104) are used to capture the physical organization of the things
7、 in your system, i. e. , how one object relates to another. (105) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（104）是（）A. Activity diagramsB. Use-case diagramsC. Structural dia
8、gramsD. Behavioral diagrams3.Most computer systems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage o
9、f (19) users. Detecting such abusive usage as well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（18）是（）A.visitB.accessC.I/OD.read/write4.The Rati
10、onal Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. I
11、n the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the fin
12、al product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（92）是（）A.orientationsB.viewsC.aspectsD.phases5.A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen.
13、The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlinks-there’s 99 percent of the (29) value. That’s
14、not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’t wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu Rememb
15、er when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（28）处是（）A.directB.navigateC.indicateD.go-on6.DOM is a platform and language- (51) API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and upd
16、ate the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented (52) . DOM is a (53) -based API to documents,
17、which requires the whole document to be represented in (54) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to process very large (55) documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（54）是（）A.documentB.processorC.discD.memory7.MIDI enabl
18、es people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In princ
19、iple, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（63）是（）A.formatB.textC.waveD.center8.Certi
20、ficates are (66) documents attesting to the (67) of a public key to an individual or other entity. They allow verification of the claim that a given public key does in fact belong to a given individual. Certificates help prevent someone from using a phony key to (68) someone else. In their simplest
21、form, Certificates contain a public key and a name. As commonly used, a certificate also contains an (69) date, the name, of the CA that issued the certificate, a serial number, and perhaps other information. Most importantly, it contains the digital (70) of the certificate issuer. The most widely a
22、ccepted format for certificates is X.509, thus, Certificates can be read or written by any application complying with X.509.（70）是（）A.signatureB.markC.stampD.hypertext9.It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended question. (10
23、1) is a means to capture ideas, relationships, decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to convey. I
24、n general, a UML model is made up of one or more (102) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the relationships between these things. These (103) can be representations of real-world objects, pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is common for a
25、n individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled. UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (104) are used to capture the physical organization of the things in your
26、 system, i. e. , how one object relates to another. (105) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（105）是（）A.thingsB.picturesC.languagesD.diagrams10.A Web browser is simply
27、 a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlin
28、ks-there’s 99 percent of the (29) value. That’s not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’t
29、 wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（29）处是（）A.Webbrowser’sB.terminal’sC.emulator’sD.network’s11.Most
30、 computer systems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of (19) users. Detecting such abus
31、ive usage as well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（19）是（）A.powerB.tightsC.authorizedD.common12.DOM is a platform and language- (51)
32、API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back
33、 into the presented (52) . DOM is a (53) -based API to documents, which requires the whole document to be represented in (54) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to process very large (55) documents that do not fit info the memory available for
34、 processing.（55）是（）A.XMLB.HTMLC.scriptD.web13.MIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the
35、 most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use
36、of MIDI today.（64）是（）A.VideoB.FaxmailC.GraphicD.Audio14.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requiremen
37、ts. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop resu
38、lting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（93）是（）A.milestoneB.end-markC.measureD.criteria15.Most computer sy
39、stems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of (19) users. Detecting such abusive usage as
40、 well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（20）是（）A.searchedB.checkedC.testedD.detected16.A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, de
41、signed to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlinks-there’s 99 perc
42、ent of the (29) value. That’s not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’t wait to delete from you
43、r favorites of bookmarks menu Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（30）处是（）A.planeB.plantC.plateD.platform17.MIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instr
44、uments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages
45、. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（65）是（）A.messagesB.packetsC.frameD.information18.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engi
46、neering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle
47、is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows inc
48、rementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（94）是（）A.roundsB.loopsC.iterationsD.circularities19.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the t