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1、2022年吉林软件水平考试考试考前冲刺卷（4）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.(31) data effectively is crucial for success in today’s competitive environment. Managers must know how to use a variety of tools. Integrated data takes information from different sources and put
2、s it together in a meaningful and useful way. One of the difficulties of this is the (32) in hardware and software. (33) integration uses a base document that contains copies of other objects. (34) integration uses a base document that contains the current or most recent version of the source docume
3、nt it contains. (35) provides an overview of the program written in plain English, without the computer syntax.（35）是（）A.High-levellanguageB.DecisiontreeC.PseudocodeD.Flowchart2.It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended ques
4、tion. (101) is a means to capture ideas, relationships, decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to
5、convey. In general, a UML model is made up of one or more (102) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the relationships between these things. These (103) can be representations of real-world objects, pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is com
6、mon for an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled. UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (104) are used to capture the physical organization of the thing
7、s in your system, i. e. , how one object relates to another. (105) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（104）是（）A. Activity diagramsB. Use-case diagramsC. Structural di
8、agramsD. Behavioral diagrams3.Most computer systems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage
9、of (19) users. Detecting such abusive usage as well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（18）是（）A.visitB.accessC.I/OD.read/write4.The Rat
10、ional Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content.
11、In the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the fi
12、nal product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（92）是（）A.orientationsB.viewsC.aspectsD.phases5.A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen.
13、 The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlinks-there’s 99 percent of the (29) value. That’s
14、 not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’t wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu Remem
15、ber when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（28）处是（）A.directB.navigateC.indicateD.go-on6.DOM is a platform and language- (51) API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and up
16、date the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated back into the presented (52) . DOM is a (53) -based API to documents,
17、 which requires the whole document to be represented in (54) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to process very large (55) documents that do not fit info the memory available for processing.（54）是（）A.documentB.processorC.discD.memory7.MIDI enab
18、les people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In prin
19、ciple, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（63）是（）A.formatB.textC.waveD.center8.Cert
20、ificates are (66) documents attesting to the (67) of a public key to an individual or other entity. They allow verification of the claim that a given public key does in fact belong to a given individual. Certificates help prevent someone from using a phony key to (68) someone else. In their simplest
21、 form, Certificates contain a public key and a name. As commonly used, a certificate also contains an (69) date, the name, of the CA that issued the certificate, a serial number, and perhaps other information. Most importantly, it contains the digital (70) of the certificate issuer. The most widely
22、accepted format for certificates is X.509, thus, Certificates can be read or written by any application complying with X.509.（70）是（）A.signatureB.markC.stampD.hypertext9.It should go without saying that the focus of UML is modeling. However, what that means, exactly, can be an open-ended question. (1
23、01) is a means to capture ideas, relationships, decisions, and requirements in a well-defined notation that can be applied to many different domains. Modeling not only means different things to different people, but also it can use different pieces of UML depending on what you are trying to convey.
24、In general, a UML model is made up of one or more (102) . A diagram graphically represents things, and the relationships between these things. These (103) can be representations of real-world objects, pure software constructs, or a description of the behavior of some other objects. It is common for
25、an individual thing to show up on multiple diagrams; each diagram represents a particular interest, or view, of the thing being modeled. UML 2.0 divides diagrams into two categories: structural diagrams and behavioral diagrams. (104) are used to capture the physical organization of the things in you
26、r system, i. e. , how one object relates to another. (105) focus on the behavior of elements in a system. For example, you can use behavioral diagrams to capture requirements, operations, and internal state changes for elements.（105）是（）A.thingsB.picturesC.languagesD.diagrams10.A Web browser is simpl
27、y a terminal emulator, designed to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperli
28、nks-there’s 99 percent of the (29) value. That’s not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’
29、t wait to delete from your favorites of bookmarks menu Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（29）处是（）A.Webbrowser’sB.terminal’sC.emulator’sD.network’s11.Mos
30、t computer systems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of (19) users. Detecting such abu
31、sive usage as well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（19）是（）A.powerB.tightsC.authorizedD.common12.DOM is a platform and language- (51)
32、 API that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of WWW documents (currently, definitions for HTML and XML documents are part of the specification). The document can be further processed and the results of that processing can be incorporated bac
33、k into the presented (52) . DOM is a (53) -based API to documents, which requires the whole document to be represented in (54) while processing it. A simpler alternative to DOM is the event-based SAX, which can be used to process very large (55) documents that do not fit info the memory available fo
34、r processing.（55）是（）A.XMLB.HTMLC.scriptD.web13.MIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical instruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, th
35、e most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol messages. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use
36、 of MIDI today.（64）是（）A.VideoB.FaxmailC.GraphicD.Audio14.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requireme
37、nts. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop res
38、ulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows incrementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（93）是（）A.milestoneB.end-markC.measureD.criteria15.Most computer s
39、ystems are (16) to two different groups of attacks: Insider attacks and outsider attacks. A system that is known to be (17) to an outsider attack by preventing.(18) from outside can still be vulnerable to the insider attacks accomplished by abusive usage of (19) users. Detecting such abusive usage a
40、s well as attacks by outsides not only provides information on damage assessment, but also helps to prevent future attacks. These attacks are usually (20) by tools referred to as Intrusion Detection Systems.（20）是（）A.searchedB.checkedC.testedD.detected16.A Web browser is simply a terminal emulator, d
41、esigned to display text on a screen. The two essential differences between an ordinary terminal emulator and a Web browser are that the browser knows how to deal with (26) , and that it has a mechanism for (27) graphical files. Display text, display graphics, and (28) hyperlinks-there’s 99 per
42、cent of the (29) value. That’s not to say that the manufacturers didn’t go all-out to attach a hyperactive efflorescence of useless capabilities onto their browsers. Remember when media channels in the browser were a big deal, instead of the clutter you can’t wait to delete from yo
43、ur favorites of bookmarks menu Remember when client-side Java applets were supposed to become the preferred (30) for application development Remember frames and all their nasty side effects（30）处是（）A.planeB.plantC.plateD.platform17.MIDI enables people to use (61) computers and electronic musical inst
44、ruments. There are actually three components to M1DI, the communications (62) , the Hardware Interface and a distribution (63) called Standard MIDI Files. In the context of the WWW, the most interesting component is the (64) Format. In principle, MIDI files contain sequences of MIDI Protocol message
45、s. However, when MIDI Protocol (65) are stored in MID! files, the events are also time-stamped for playback in the proper sequence. Music delivered by MIDI files is the most common use of MIDI today.（65）是（）A.messagesB.packetsC.frameD.information18.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software eng
46、ineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the time dimension, the software lifecycle
47、 is broken into cycles. Each cycle is divided into four consecutive (92) which is concluded with a well-defined (93) and can be further broken down into (94) - a complete development loop resulting in a release of an executable product, a subset of the final product under development, which grows in
48、crementally to become the final system. The content structure refers to the disciplines, which group (95) logically by nature.（94）是（）A.roundsB.loopsC.iterationsD.circularities19.The Rational Unified Process (RUP) is a software engineering process, which captures many of best practices in modern software development. The notions of (91) and scenarios have been proven to be an excellent way to capture function requirements. RUP can be described in two dimensions - time and content. In the