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1、2021辽宁同等学力人员申请硕士学位考试考试模拟卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.一患儿服用磺胺类药物治疗泌尿道感染。患儿原本身体健康，营养很好，但此后持续因病就诊。患儿面色苍白，易怒。血液检查表明患儿因溶血而出现严重贫血合并黄疸，下面哪项为最简便的诊断试验A血红细胞mRNA Northern印迹B红细胞溶血产物酶测定CSouthern印迹分析基因缺失DWestern印迹检查红细胞溶血产物E扩增红细胞DNA，用等位基因特异性寡核苷酸杂交(PCR-ASOs)2.下列有关无
2、创机械通气应用的基本条件，哪项是错误的A清醒能够合作B呼吸道里有大量脓痰C血流动力学稳定D不需要气管插管保护E能耐受鼻/面罩3.中央型腰椎间盘突出症和马尾神经瘤最有意义的鉴别方法是ACT检查B脊髓造影CX线片检查D肛门括约肌功能检查EB超检查4.对早期肾结核，合适的处理是A尽早作肾切除B积极抗结核及保守治疗C结肠膀胱术D一侧肾造瘘E空洞引流术5.女性，30岁，背痛1月余，劳累后重，有消瘦、乏力和盗汗。检查：胸椎78有压痛及叩痛。为明确诊断下列哪项检查不需要A血常规及血沉B胸椎正侧位X线片 C胸片D结核菌素试验E放射性核素骨扫描6.男，45岁，上消化道出血，经胃镜证实为食管静脉曲张破裂出血，既往
3、有乙肝病史，目前肝功能有轻度损害，应选择哪种术式，既能预防食管曲张静脉再出血，又对肝功能影响小A脾切除，贲门周围血管离断术B脾切除C门腔静脉分流术D肠腔分流术E脾肾静脉分流术7.慢性风湿性瓣膜病常见的联合瓣膜病变是A二尖瓣和三尖瓣B二尖瓣、主动脉瓣和三尖瓣C主动脉瓣和三尖瓣D二尖瓣和主动脉瓣E主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣8.某患者空腹血糖浓度为11.1mmol/L(200mg/d1)，尿糖阳性，患者自诉有多食、多饮、多尿症状。其尿量增加的主要原因是A肾小球滤过率增加B肾小管中葡萄糖浓度增加使水重吸收减少C肾小管分泌增加D抗利尿激素分泌减少E醛固酮分泌增加9.二尖瓣关闭不全（）A心尖区舒张中晚期隆隆样杂音
4、B胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期叹气样杂音C心尖区全收缩期吹风样杂音D胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期喷射性杂音E胸骨左缘第4、5肋间收缩期杂音10.一成人患者慢性中度贫血，铁剂治疗无效，取血分析血红蛋白。如果患者血红蛋白异常，即患血红蛋白病，下面哪项血红蛋白分析结果最符合该患者情况A高效液相层析检出多种蛋白质但只有一个红色蛋白质BWestern印迹法检出两个蛋白质，量正常C未变性凝胶电泳分离得几个蛋白质和两个红色蛋白质D经SDS-凝胶电泳并与标记抗-和-球蛋白反应，见稍分开的两条标记带E淡红色蛋白质混合物留在透析膜内11.女，38岁，低热，腹胀5个月。营养状态略差，腹部膨隆，肝脾未触及，脐周触及34cm大小包
5、块，质地中等，边界不清，轻度触痛，移动性浊音可疑阳性，PPD皮试阳性。如疑诊结核性腹膜炎，不宜行哪项检查A腹部B超BX线钡剂灌肠C腹腔穿刺D腹腔镜检查E纤维结肠镜检查12.胆道出血者可以伴有（）A脾功能亢进B黄疸C两者均有D两者均无13.心率减慢的心电图特征是（）APR间期延长BQT间期延长C两者都是D两者都不是14.操纵子的组分是（）A操纵基因B启动子C两者均是D两者均不是15.患者肝脏病理切片报告：广泛肝细胞变性坏死、肝小叶纤维支架塌陷；不规则结节状再生肝细胞团形成；假小叶形成；肝内血液循环紊乱。其病理诊断是A慢性迁延性肝炎B慢性活动性肝炎C肝硬化D急性传染性肝炎E胆汁性肝硬化16.糖尿病
6、诊断的指标是（）A空腹血糖B糖化血红蛋白C尿糖DGAD65E葡萄糖耐量试验17.主动脉瓣关闭不全（）A心尖区舒张中晚期隆隆样杂音B胸骨左缘第3肋间舒张期叹气样杂音C心尖区全收缩期吹风样杂音D胸骨右缘第2肋间收缩期喷射性杂音E胸骨左缘第4、5肋间收缩期杂音18.门静脉高压症合并食管静脉曲张破裂及肝功能Child C级者可表现为（）A脾功能亢进B黄疸C两者均有D两者均无19.房室传导阻滞的心电图特征是（）APR间期延长BQT间期延长C两者都是D两者都不是20.阻遏蛋白结合部位在（）A操纵基因B启动子C两者均是D两者均不是21.糖尿病控制程度的评估指标是（）A空腹血糖B糖化血红蛋白C尿糖DGAD65
7、E葡萄糖耐量试验22.In 1975 the Congress of the United States passed the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, a (1) document in special education that has since (2) numerous amendments. A 1990 amendment renamed the law the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).IDEA requires public schools
8、(3) a free and appropriate education to all disabled children. The law also requires that all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 receive support services, such as (4) or physical therapy, (5) the type or seriousness of their disability. (6) the provisions of IDEA, schools must (
9、7) all children with disabilities. To do this school officials provide each child with a comprehensive (8) conducted by teachers, the parents, and appropriate specialists, such as children with speech difficulties.IDEA also requires schools to give parents the opportunity to assist in the developmen
10、t and (9) of their child’s education plan. The plan specifies goals for the student’s education, methods to achieve those goals, and services to be provided. Each student’s education plan is reviewed (10) . To the maximum extent appropriate, a child with a disability must be educat
11、ed with children who do not have disabilities. In addition, IDEA requires that older children with disabilities receive transition services to assist in the change from school to adult activities, (11) employment, continuing education, and finding a place to live. IDEA provides federal financial sup
12、port for schools to develop special education programs.Other federal laws prohibit discrimination (12) disability. Section 504 of the Act of 1973 (13) discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public schools and any other federally supported programs. The Americans with Disabilities Ac
13、t of 1990 ensures (14) for individuals with disabilities in all (15) life, including education, the workplace, transportation, and telecommunications.1（）A.mileageB.landmarkC.reminderD.monument23.Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famous American physicist, who directed the (1) of the first atomic bombs.Opp
14、enheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After (2) the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929, he became a professor of physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology,
15、where he built up large (3) of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions (4) to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars.From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills (5)
16、 him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there (6) the year before his death. He was also chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served (7
17、) as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position (8) his past association with Communists. This action (9) the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike of some politicians and military (10) for Oppenheimer’s opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb a
18、nd his (11) of arms control. His (12) was not really in doubt. (13) , efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC (14) him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Award. Oppenheimer (15) his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on Februa
19、ry 18, 1967.1（）A.orientationB.manipulationC.developmentD.management24.Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City. It is one of the largest and most (1) art museums in the world.In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to (2) the American Independence Day. A
20、fter dinner, John Jay, a (3) lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a national institution and gallery of art. During the next four years, he (4) American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was (5) in two
21、 different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have (6) been built around this building. The north and south (7) were completed in 1911 and 1913, (8) Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house the
22、museum’s (9) collections, to expand gallery space and educational (10) .The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic (11) , representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present.Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a priv
23、ate (12) . The museum is one of the most popular tourist (13) in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. (14) , scholars of archeology and art history (15) advanced research projects at
24、the museum.1（）A.comprehensiveB.elaborateC.appropriateD.elegant25.Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer and moral philosopher, and one of the world’s greatest novelists. He was born on April 30,1828 and died on Feb. 14, 1910. His writings (1) influenced much of 20th-century literature, and his moral
25、 (2) helped shape the thinking of several important (3) and political leaders.Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born (4) a family of noble landowners at his family (5) south of Moscow. His early education came from tutors at home, but after the deaths of his parents in the 1830s, he was (6) by relatives.
26、 He entered Kazan’ University when he was 16 but preferred to educate himself independently, and in 1847 he (7) his studies without finishing his degree. His next 15 years were very (8) . Tolstoy returned to manage the family estate, with the determination to improve himself (9) and physically
27、. Alter less than two years, however, he abandoned rural life (10) the pleasures of Moscow. In 1851 Tolstoy traveled to the Caucasus, a region then part of southern Russia, (11) his brother was serving in the army. He was (12) as a volunteer, serving with distinction in the Crimean War from 1853 to
28、1856.Tolstoy began his literary career during his army service, and his first work, the semiautobiographical short novel Childhood (13) was published in 1852, brought him fame. A series of other stories (14) , and when he left the army in 1856 he was acknowledged as a rising new talent in literature
29、.Tolstoy achieved great literary fame during his lifetime, both in Russia and abroad. Thirty-one translations of his works (15) in the year 1887 alone.The most significant part of Tolstoy’s legacy may be his defense of the individual personality.1（）A.previouslyB.primitivelyC.profoundlyD.probab
30、ly26.Robert J. Oppenheimer was a famous American physicist, who directed the (1) of the first atomic bombs.Oppenheimer was born in New York City on April 22, 1904, and was educated at Harvard University and the universities of Cambridge. After (2) the International Education Board from 1928 to 1929,
31、 he became a professor of physics at the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, where he built up large (3) of theoretical physics. He was noted for his contributions (4) to the theory of relativity, cosmic rays, and neutron stars.From 1943 to 1945 , Oppenheimer served
32、as director of the atomic bomb project at Los Alamos, New Mexico. His leadership and organizational skills (5) him the Presidential Medal of Merit in 1946. In 1947 he became director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Princeton, New Jersey, serving there (6) the year before his death. He was a
33、lso chairman of the General Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1947 to 1952 and served (7) as an adviser. In 1954, however, he was suspended from this position (8) his past association with Communists. This action (9) the political atmosphere of the time, as well as the dislike
34、of some politicians and military (10) for Oppenheimer’s opposition to development of the hydrogen bomb and his (11) of arms control. His (12) was not really in doubt. (13) , efforts were made to clear his name, and in 1963 the AEC (14) him its highest honor, the Enrico Fermi Award. Oppenheimer
35、 (15) his final years to study of the relationship between science and society. He died in Princeton on February 18, 1967.2（）A. working asB. serving withC. joining toD. taking in27.In 1975 the Congress of the United States passed the Education of All Handicapped Children Act, a (1) document in speci
36、al education that has since (2) numerous amendments. A 1990 amendment renamed the law the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).IDEA requires public schools (3) a free and appropriate education to all disabled children. The law also requires that all children with disabilities between t
37、he ages of 3 and 21 receive support services, such as (4) or physical therapy, (5) the type or seriousness of their disability. (6) the provisions of IDEA, schools must (7) all children with disabilities. To do this school officials provide each child with a comprehensive (8) conducted by teachers,
38、the parents, and appropriate specialists, such as children with speech difficulties.IDEA also requires schools to give parents the opportunity to assist in the development and (9) of their child’s education plan. The plan specifies goals for the student’s education, methods to achieve th
39、ose goals, and services to be provided. Each student’s education plan is reviewed (10) . To the maximum extent appropriate, a child with a disability must be educated with children who do not have disabilities. In addition, IDEA requires that older children with disabilities receive transition
40、 services to assist in the change from school to adult activities, (11) employment, continuing education, and finding a place to live. IDEA provides federal financial support for schools to develop special education programs.Other federal laws prohibit discrimination (12) disability. Section 504 of
41、the Act of 1973 (13) discrimination against individuals with disabilities in public schools and any other federally supported programs. The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 ensures (14) for individuals with disabilities in all (15) life, including education, the workplace, transportation, and
42、 telecommunications.2（）A.underminedB.underlinedC.undertakenD.undergone28.Metropolitan Museum of Art is located in New York City. It is one of the largest and most (1) art museums in the world.In 1866 a group of Americans in Paris, France, gathered at a restaurant to (2) the American Independence Day
43、. After dinner, John Jay, a (3) lawyer gave a speech proposing to create a national institution and gallery of art. During the next four years, he (4) American civic leaders, art collectors, and others to support the project, and in 1870 the Metropolitan Museum of Art was founded, but it was (5) in
44、two different locations in New York City. In 1880 the museum moved to its present location in Central Park on Fifth Avenue. Many additions have (6) been built around this building. The north and south (7) were completed in 1911 and 1913, (8) Six additional wings have been built since 1975 to house t
45、he museum’s (9) collections, to expand gallery space and educational (10) .The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic (11) , representing cultures from every part of the world, from ancient times to the present.Popularly known as the Met, the museum is a p
46、rivate (12) . The museum is one of the most popular tourist (13) in the city and about five million people visit it each year. It is also a major educational institution, offering various programs for children and adults. (14) , scholars of archeology and art history (15) advanced research projects
47、at the museum.2（）A.congratulateB.celebrateC.remarkD.parade29.Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer and moral philosopher, and one of the world’s greatest novelists. He was born on April 30,1828 and died on Feb. 14, 1910. His writings (1) influenced much of 20th-century literature, and his moral (2) helped shape the thinking of several important (3) and political leaders.Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy was born (4) a family of noble landowners at his family (5) south of Moscow. His early education came from tutors at h