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1、2021美国护士资格认证(CGFNS)考试真题卷（2）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.The primary reason for withholding food and fluids from a client who will receive general anesthesia is to help preventAconstipation during the immediate postoperative period.Bvomiting and possible
2、 aspiration of vomitus during surgery.Cpressure on the diaphragm with poor lung expansion during surgery.Dgas pains and distention during the immediate postoperative period. 2.A client with multiple sclerosis has been prescribed baclofen. The nurse teaches the client about the action of the drug. Wh
3、ich of the following is an accurate instruction regarding this drugs actionABaclofen will decrease your fatigue and help increase your energy levels. BBaclofen will help relieve the muscle spasms that you have been experiencing. CIt is an antibiotic that will help treat your urinary tract infection.
4、 DTaking this drug will help decrease the visual problems you have been having. 3.The nurse assesses the client to determine the cause of autonomic dysreflexia. Which of the following is the most common stimulus for an autonomic dysreflexia episodeARising intracranial pressure.BBowel distention.CBla
5、dder distention.DAnxiety. 4.The nurse notices that a clients abdominal wound has eviscerated. Which of the following would the nurse do firstANotify the clients physician immediately.BReinsert the protruding viscera into the abdominal cavity.CPlace the client in reverse Trendelenburgs position.DCove
6、r the wound with sterile saline-moistened dressings. 5.Prevention of preterm births is vital for which of the following reasonsAIts costly to care for these neonates.BThese neonates are usually mentally retarded.CPreterm birth causes high incidence of the neonatal deaths.DThese neonates usually wind
7、 up with long-term health care needs. 6.Which condition could a mother have and still be allowed to breast-feed her childAPositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).BActive tuberculosis (TB).CCardiac disease.DEndometritis. 7.Which of the following postoperative complications would the nurse par
8、ticularly anticipate in a client undergoing a pelvic surgical procedure such as an ileal conduitABleeding.BInfection.CThrombophlebitis.DAtelectasis. 8.A client who is a gravida 1 para 0 has been admitted to the perinatal admission unit and is in early labor. The clients cervical examination would re
9、veal which of the followingA2 cm dilated; 100% effaced at 0 station.B4 to 5 cm dilated; 80% effaced at -1 station.C2 cm dilated; 50% effaced at +1 station.D3 cm dilated; 50% effaced at 0 station. 9.The nurse preparing to give a child an intramuscular injection chooses to give the injection into the
10、gluteal muscle. The site is acceptable because which of the following reasonsAThe child has been walking for 1 year.BThe child has small deltoid muscles.CThe child is older than 2 years.DThe child weighs more than 25 pounds. 10.A client with hepatitis A expresses concern that his friends may also ac
11、quire hepatitis. Which of the following is most commonly used for prophylactic treatment of people exposed to hepatitis AAPenicillin.BSulfadiazine (Microsulfon).CImmune serum globulin.DInterferon. 11.The nurse must assess judgment to determine a clients mental status. Which test best accomplishes th
12、isAInterpreting proverbs.BSpelling words backward.CCounting by serial sevens.DDiscussing hypothetical ethical situations. 12.A client with a history of panic attacks seeks to increase social interaction. Each time the client tries to go to the dayroom, she begins to perspire and becomes short of bre
13、ath. Which action by the nurse will help ease the clients feelings of panicAHave other clients volunteer to accompany the client.BTell the client she has to overcome her fear.CAllow the client to stay in her room.DWalk with the client and stay with her while shes in the dayroom. 13.The nurse is prep
14、aring to care for a client diagnosed with catatonic schizophrenia. In anticipation of this clients arrival, what should the nurse doANotify security.BPrepare a magnesium sulfate drip.CPlace a specialty mattress overlay on the bed.DCommunicate the clients nothing-by-mouth status to the dietary depart
15、ment. 14.Which event may trigger pain in the client with trigeminal neuralgiaAWalking in the mall.BSitting in the sun.CEating lunch.DSleeping. 15.For the child experiencing excessive vomiting secondary to pyloric stenosis, the nurse should assess the child for which of the following acid-base imbala
16、ncesARespiratory alkalosis.BRespiratory acidosis.CMetabolic alkalosis.DMetabolic acidosis. 16.The skin lesions evident in herpes zoster are similar to those seen in which diseaseAImpetigo.BSyphilis.CVaricella.DRubella. 17.The client with cirrhosis is put on a sodium-restricted diet and a diuretic. T
17、he nurse would expect to administer a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which of the follow is a potassium-sparing diureticAFurosemide (Lasix).BSpironolactone (Aldactone).CHydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL).DEthacrynic acid (Edecrin). 18.A 58-year-old client complaining of difficulty driving at night state
18、s that the lights bother my eyes even though he wears corrective glasses. The nurse would suspect that the client is experiencing a deficiency in which of the following vitaminsAVitamin .BVitamin complex.CVitamin .DVitamin . 19.Which of the following nursing diagnoses would be most appropriate for a
19、 client newly diagnosed with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitusARisk for infection related to newly diagnosed diabetes.BAltered nutrition, more than body requirements related to overproduction of insulin.CAltered health maintenance related to lack of knowledge of proper foot care.DPain related
20、to elevated blood glucose levels. 20.Which outcome would indicate successful treatment of diabetes insipidusAFluid intake of less than 2,500 mL in 24 hours.BUrine output of more than 200 mL/hour.CBlood pressure of 90/50 mmHg.DPulse rate of 126 beats/minute. 21.A client diagnosed with a peptic ulcer
21、undergoes an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to help the physician visualize the ulcers location and severity. Immediately after the endoscopy, what would be a priority for the nurse to assessAReturn of the gag reflex.BBowel sounds.CPeripheral pulses.DIntake and output. 22.Which nursing diagnosis w
22、ould be the most appropriate for a client with coronary artery disease (CAD)AIneffective thermoregulation.BImpaired gas exchange.CRisk for injury.DDecreased cardiac output. 23.A woman who is 10 weeks pregnant complains about her fatigue and frequent urination. What would be the nurses responseARecog
23、nize these as normal early pregnancy signs and symptoms.BQuestion her further about these signs and symptoms.CTell the client that shell need blood work and urinalysis.DTell the client that she may be excessively worried. 24.Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that a neonate with
24、an infection is developing septic shockAAxillary temperature is 99.8F(37.7).BBlood pressure is 45/25 mmHg.CHeart rate during sleep is 205 beats per minute.DRespiratory rate while awake is 32 breaths per minute. 25.All of the following would be appropriate interventions for a client with acute epidid
25、ymitis EXCEPT which of the followingAMaintaining bed rest.BElevating the testes.CApplying ice packs intermittently.DApplying hot packs to the scrotum. 26.The nurse is caring for a client with bipolar disorder in a manic state. Which of the following nursing interventions should be included in the pl
26、an of careAAllowing the client to exhibit hyperactive, demanding, manipulative behavior without setting limits.BListening attentively with a neutral attitude and avoiding power struggles.COffering high-calorie meals and strongly encouraging the client to finish all food.DInsisting that the client re
27、main active through the day so that hell sleep at night. 27.The nurse is caring for a client who has a history of alcohol abuse. Why would the client act as if he didnt have a problemAThe client has never taken the CAGE questionnaire.BDenial is a defense mechanism commonly used by alcoholics.CThough
28、t processes are distorted.DAlcohol is expensive. 28.A client has a total serum cholesterol level of 326 mg/dL. The nurse explains to the client that this levelAis normal and requires no further treatment.Bis high and will require dietary modification.Cis low and requires no further treatment.Dis bor
29、derline normal and may require dietary modification. 29.Which of the following observations indicates that the mother of a child receiving home intravenous ampicillin therapy requires further teachingAThe mother allows the antibiotic to run into the childs vein over a period of 30 minutes.BThe mothe
30、r flushes the venous access site with heparin 20 minutes after giving the antibiotic.CThe mother stops the infusion when the area around the insertion site becomes hard and reddened.DThe mother calls the home care nurse because the antibiotic solution will not infuse. 30.The nurse notices muscle twi
31、tching in the hands and forearms of the client with pancreatitis. The nurse would report these symptoms immediately because clients with pancreatitis are at serious risk for which of the following problemsAHypermagnesemia.BHyperkalemia.CHypoglycemia.DHypocalcemia. 31.A young adult had a significant
32、reaction to the Mantoux test. What conclusion would the nurse make from the findingsAThe client has active tuberculosis.BThe client had active tuberculosis.CThe client has been exposed to tuberculosis.DThe client is immunocompromised. 32.The nurse has been teaching the client strategies to prevent a
33、 recurrence of hemorrhoids. One strategy is maintaining a high-fiber diet. Which of the following breakfast menus is appropriate for the clientADanish pastry, prune juice, coffee, and milk.BOatmeal, milk, grapefruit wedges, and bran muffin.CCorn flakes, milk, white toast, and orange juice.DScrambled
34、 eggs, bacon, English muffin, and apple juice. 33.Which of the following signs and symptoms would alert the nurse to possible internal bleeding in a client who has undergone pulmonary lobectomyAIncreased blood pressure and decreased pulse and respiratory rates.BSanguineous drainage from the chest tu
35、be at a rate of 50 mL per hour during the past 3 hours.CRestlessness and shortness of breath.DUrine output of 180 mL during the past 3 hours. 34.A client returns from a myelogram, for which an iodized oil (Pantopaque) was used. Which one of the following nursing measures would be included in his car
36、eABed rest with bathroom privileges.BRestricted fluid intake.CHead of the bed elevated 45 degrees.DAssessment of lower extremity movement and sensation. 35.The nurse is preparing to administer a unit of blood to a client who is anemic. After its removal from the refrigerator, the blood should be adm
37、inistered withinA1 hour.B2 hours.C4 hours.D6 hours. 36.An 18-year-old primagravida tells the nurse that the physician told her that she needed to increase her intake of thiamine (vitamin Bi) in her diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume moreAMilk.BRice.CAs
38、paragus.DBeef. 37.The mother of a 2-year-old child tells the nurse that her baby is using a potty seat but is still having problems toilet-training. Which of the following suggestions by the nurse would he most appropriateAOffer the child more praise each time.BUse a potty chair instead of a potty s
39、eat.CFocus on the accidents that occur during training.DDefer training until the child is developmentally ready. 38.A voluntary client in a health care facility decides to leave the unit before treatment is complete. To detain the client, the nurse refuses to return the clients personal effects. Thi
40、s is an example of which of the followingAFalse imprisonment.BLimit setting.CSlander.DViolation of confidentiality. 39.Which of the following would the nurse teach the mother of a child with leukemia who has an absolute neutrophil count of 900/mm3AThe child should wear gloves when in contact with ot
41、hers.BThe child should stay away from crowds of people.CThe child should eat raw fruits and vegetables.DAnyone in direct contact with the child must wear a gown and mask. 40.The nurse is preparing the client with a cerebrovascular accident for discharge to home. The nurse should recognize which of t
42、he following factors would most likely influence the clients continuing progress in rehabilitation at homeAThe familys ability to provide support to the client.BThe clients ability to ambulate.CThe availability of a home health aide to care for the client.DThe frequency of follow-up visits with the
43、physician. 41.The nurse is caring for a client with mild active bleeding from placenta previa. Which of the following observations indicates that an emergency cesarean section may be necessaryAIncreased maternal blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg.BDecreased amount of vaginal bleeding.CFetal heart rate of
44、 80 beats per minute.DMaternal heart rate of 65 beats per minute. 42.A client is placed in full leather restraints. How often must the nurse check the clients circulationAOnce per hour.BOnce per shift.CEvery 10 to 15 minutes.DEvery 2 hours. 43.A client is diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. The clinical
45、 manifestations of hyperthyroidism are similar to which of the followingAHypovolemic shock.BAdrenergic stimulation.CBenzodiazepine overdose.DAddisons disease. 44.A 10-year-old child with appendicitis is being prepared for surgery. Which of the following would be the nurses first actionAAdminister an enema.BInsert a nasogastric tube.CObtain vital signs.DAdminister antibiotics. 45.When developing a teaching plan for the family of a child with seizures, which of the following would the nurse in