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1、2022河南考研英语考试模拟卷本卷共分为1大题44小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共44题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Recent legal research indicated that incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justice. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in a courtroom is not as (1) as comm
2、only believed. Recent studies do not support the (2) of faith judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.The Law Commission recently published an educational paper, Total Recall The Reliability of Witness (3) , as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper fi
3、nds that commonly held (4) about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is (5) change, it should not be underestimated.In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries (6) its reliability. The paper points out that memory
4、is complex, and the reliability of any person’s recall must be assessed (7) .Both common sense and research say memory (8) over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are (9) their best immediately (10) encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the
5、delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere (11) the original memory, which reduces (12) .The paper says (13) interviews or media reports can create such (14) . People are particularly susceptible to having their memories (15) when the passage of time allows
6、 the original memory to (16) , and will be most susceptible if they repeat the (17) as fact.Witnesses may see or read information after the event, then (18) it to produce something (19) than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, Further
7、, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are (20) false.16（）ArateBdegreeCextentDscale2.Text 1Scholars and students have always been great travelers. The official case for academic mobility is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental neces
8、sity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new. Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies; in search of the purest philosophy, the most effectiv
9、e medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people. The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues; one presumes that only eccentrics have
10、 no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique. It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisit
11、ion, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways. The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant immedia
12、tely feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement. Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention, there are
13、far more centers of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognize the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose
14、particular interests are precisely defined. These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specializations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research neede
15、d for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time. It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident. Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in
16、different centers of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia. From these meetings come be personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.The writer thinks that the growth of sp
17、ecialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to（）Acut down research costs.Bkeep up with current developments.Cspend less time travelling.Ddevelop their ideas more quickly.3.Text 4About two thousand years ago, the Celts were still in their primitive society and Britain was still covered wit
18、h dense forests and swamps. They knew nothing of a written language, although they could utter different sounds to exchange simple ideas. But the Celts created their own civilization of which the most shining example was the historical Stonehenge in Wiltshire. The Stonehenge, still in existence now,
19、 was a circular arrangement of monoliths built by the ancient Britons for purposes still unknown to modern historians. The Celtic language didn’t disappeared completely, either. Some of the Celtic words or sounds were later assimilated into the English language. Some people in Scotland and Wal
20、es now still speak a language of Celtic origin. It is believed that the Celts were related with the ancient people in what is now France and they, perhaps, offered some help in the struggle to resist Julius Caesar when he invaded France. The Roman army, commanded by Julius Caesar, invaded England in
21、 the first century B. C. In the first Century A. D. , the Romans went across the English Channel and invaded Britain for the second time. They did not meet with much resistance on the part of the natives and soon got possession of what is now known as England by driving many of the native Celts to m
22、ountainous Scotland and Wales.The Romans brought other things with them besides their swords. They introduced their Roman civilization into England. They built towns, temples, theatres and fane buildings, better ones than the Britons had ever dreamed of. They drained marshes, cleared away forests, b
23、uilt roads and taught the Britons to cultivate their land in a better way. They introduced a system of organized government in towns, which usually took on names ending in shire. They remained in England for about 350 years until 410 A. D. when the Germanic races started invading Rome. The invasion
24、made it necessary to withdraw the Roman soldiers from England to defend their home country. The island of Britain was again returned to the control of the native inhabitants.But the natives had been ruled and protected so long by the Roman troops that they did not know how to protect themselves, the
25、 island, therefore, became a tempting and easy prey to the tribes within easy reach. Invaders from Ireland and Scotland began to plunder and kill the weak and defenseless Britons in England. The Britons hardly knew what to do and they, in despair, asked the Romans to send back their soldiers to prot
26、ect them Rome could not do this as she had more serious business on hand. Just at this time, a band of newcomers landed in the southern part of England, in what is now the county of Kent. These newcomers were known in history as the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons who had come from Northern Europe. They w
27、ere aggressive rovers and pirates ready to plunder or to fight. To them the Britons turned for assistance. They asked the newcomers to join in the war against their fierce neighbors. The result was a victory for the combined Britons and Anglo-Saxons.The text is mainly about（）AHow the Celts' lang
28、uage came.BWhy the Roman was driven out of Britain.CThe reason why Britain was ruled by AngloSaxons.DHow Anglo-Saxons fought with Romans.4.When lab rats sleep, their brains revisit the maze they navigated during the day, according to a new study (1) yesterday, offering some of the strongest evidence
29、 (2) that animals do indeed dream. Experiments with sleeping rats found that cells in the animals’ brains fire in a distinctive pat tern (3) the pattern that occurs when they are (4) and trying to learn their way around a maze.Based on the results, the researchers concluded the rats were dream
30、ing about the maze, (5) re viewing what they had learned while awake to (6) the memories.Researchers have long known that animals go (7) the same types of sleep phases that people do, including rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, which is when people dream. But (8) the occasional twitching, growling or
31、barking that any dog owner has (9) in his or her sleeping pet, there’s been (10) direct evidence that animals (11) . If animals dream, it suggests they might have more (12) mental functions than had been (13) .We have as humans felt that this (14) of memoryour ability to recall sequences of ex
32、perienceswas something that was (15) human, Wilson said. The fact that we see this in rodents (16) suggest they can evaluate their experience in a significant way. Animals may be (17) about more than we had previously considered.The findings also provide new support for a leading theory for (18) hum
33、ans sleepto solidify new learning. People are now really nailing down the fact that the brain during sleep is (19) its activity at least for the time immediately before sleep and almost undoubtedly using that review to (20) or integrate those memories into more usable forms, said an assistant profes
34、sor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.1（）AsleepingBdreamingCawakeDaware5.When lab rats sleep, their brains revisit the maze they navigated during the day, according to a new study (1) yesterday, offering some of the strongest evidence (2) that animals do indeed dream. Experiments with sleeping
35、 rats found that cells in the animals’ brains fire in a distinctive pat tern (3) the pattern that occurs when they are (4) and trying to learn their way around a maze.Based on the results, the researchers concluded the rats were dreaming about the maze, (5) re viewing what they had learned whi
36、le awake to (6) the memories.Researchers have long known that animals go (7) the same types of sleep phases that people do, including rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, which is when people dream. But (8) the occasional twitching, growling or barking that any dog owner has (9) in his or her sleeping pe
37、t, there’s been (10) direct evidence that animals (11) . If animals dream, it suggests they might have more (12) mental functions than had been (13) .We have as humans felt that this (14) of memoryour ability to recall sequences of experienceswas something that was (15) human, Wilson said. The
38、 fact that we see this in rodents (16) suggest they can evaluate their experience in a significant way. Animals may be (17) about more than we had previously considered.The findings also provide new support for a leading theory for (18) humans sleepto solidify new learning. People are now really nai
39、ling down the fact that the brain during sleep is (19) its activity at least for the time immediately before sleep and almost undoubtedly using that review to (20) or integrate those memories into more usable forms, said an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.2（）Ain circlesBi
40、n accordCin caseDin essence6.When lab rats sleep, their brains revisit the maze they navigated during the day, according to a new study (1) yesterday, offering some of the strongest evidence (2) that animals do indeed dream. Experiments with sleeping rats found that cells in the animals’ brain
41、s fire in a distinctive pat tern (3) the pattern that occurs when they are (4) and trying to learn their way around a maze.Based on the results, the researchers concluded the rats were dreaming about the maze, (5) re viewing what they had learned while awake to (6) the memories.Researchers have long
42、 known that animals go (7) the same types of sleep phases that people do, including rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, which is when people dream. But (8) the occasional twitching, growling or barking that any dog owner has (9) in his or her sleeping pet, there’s been (10) direct evidence that an
43、imals (11) . If animals dream, it suggests they might have more (12) mental functions than had been (13) .We have as humans felt that this (14) of memoryour ability to recall sequences of experienceswas something that was (15) human, Wilson said. The fact that we see this in rodents (16) suggest the
44、y can evaluate their experience in a significant way. Animals may be (17) about more than we had previously considered.The findings also provide new support for a leading theory for (18) humans sleepto solidify new learning. People are now really nailing down the fact that the brain during sleep is
45、(19) its activity at least for the time immediately before sleep and almost undoubtedly using that review to (20) or integrate those memories into more usable forms, said an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.3（）AconsolidateBtransformCreorganizeDrenovate7.When lab rats sleep
46、, their brains revisit the maze they navigated during the day, according to a new study (1) yesterday, offering some of the strongest evidence (2) that animals do indeed dream. Experiments with sleeping rats found that cells in the animals’ brains fire in a distinctive pat tern (3) the pattern
47、 that occurs when they are (4) and trying to learn their way around a maze.Based on the results, the researchers concluded the rats were dreaming about the maze, (5) re viewing what they had learned while awake to (6) the memories.Researchers have long known that animals go (7) the same types of sle
48、ep phases that people do, including rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, which is when people dream. But (8) the occasional twitching, growling or barking that any dog owner has (9) in his or her sleeping pet, there’s been (10) direct evidence that animals (11) . If animals dream, it suggests they
49、might have more (12) mental functions than had been (13) .We have as humans felt that this (14) of memoryour ability to recall sequences of experienceswas something that was (15) human, Wilson said. The fact that we see this in rodents (16) suggest they can evaluate their experience in a significant way. Animals may be (17) about more than we had previously considered.The findings also provide new support for a leading theory for (18) humans sleepto solidify new learni