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1、2023年河南考研英语考试模拟卷（6）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there h
2、ave been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking.The work is incredibly meticulous. Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undert
3、ake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen expe
4、rts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is
5、 the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation diff
6、icult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environ
7、ment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research
8、design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required.
9、 As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Gr
10、eene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.Why does the conclusion dram from Bahns words seem contradictory（）AMo
11、re analysis can be done with less samples.BExcavation diminishes with improved technology.CBetter materials can be obtained from painstaking excavation.DExcavation is time-consuming but fruitless.2.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends w
12、hich have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking.The work is incredibly meticulous. Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusio
13、ns to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover
14、, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just s
15、urface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items a
16、re rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testi
17、ng, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archae
18、ology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can
19、focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns
20、and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, e
21、conomic, and social de velopments.Which of the following may archaeologists currently place least importance on（）AThe economy.BThe environment.CPeople's daily life.DA single site.3.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have fur
22、ther contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking.The work is incredibly meticulous. Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be draw
23、n from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often
24、than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey
25、 techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed i
26、n the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question
27、setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a
28、 structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines o
29、f enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems a
30、re more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He continues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and
31、social de velopments.The example in Egypt and Italy shows that（）Asurviving material culture is easy to understand.Bmuseums am not capable of preserving so many items.Carchaeology is not a high priority in both countries.Dfurther excavation might be unnecessary.4.Text 4 What is less well understood b
32、y the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends over time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking.The work is incredibly meticulous.
33、 Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysis from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer
34、samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rather than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished thro
35、ugh the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the
36、 surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow. The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broa
37、der concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a much greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of
38、 work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has four components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publicat
39、ion. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a
40、 strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are more important than individual sites. As such this requires different techniques. AS Greene states field work today is rarely directed at a single site. It usually forms part of a comprehensive study of an area. He cont
41、inues studies are designed to elucidate the broad agricultural, economic, and social de velopments.We can infer from the passage that（）Aexcavators have been replaced by specialist analysers.Bresearch design comes into being with changes in archaeology.Cfield work in the past possesses a strategic na
42、ture.Dprocessual archaeology makes excavation lose its function.5.Text 4 What is less well understood by the general public is that there have been a number of trends which have further contributed to the diminishment of excavation as an activity. As Bahn puts it there have been two major trends ove
43、r time: first, excavation has become far slower and more painstaking.The work is incredibly meticulous. Secondly, we can learn far more from what we have. The conclusions to be drawn from this would appear to be contradictory. As technology improves we are able to undertake a wide variety of analysi
44、s from microscopic, radio carbon dating or even DNA samples. The ability to determine more, from fewer samples again suggests that less excavation is required. Moreover, more often than not the balance of effort now rests with the specialist analysers such as pollen experts and dating analysis rathe
45、r than the excavators. So, again some of the requirements for extensive excavation have diminished through the advancement of other analytical techniques and not just surface survey techniques. Furthermore, Archaeology itself has changed in a number of ways. No longer is the emphasis simply upon the
46、 acquisition of material culture or artefacts. In many cases, we have a reasonable understanding of the surviving material culture. In deed, in Egypt and Italy, items are rebuffed in the ground simply because the museums are too full, theft may be ripe, preservation difficult and documentation slow.
47、 The emergence of processual archaeology under Binford and others again moved archaeology to wards broader concepts of explanation, process, deduction, hypothesis testing, question setting and response. Answering questions about the organisation of societies, the environment and their life have a mu
48、ch greater importance today. And answering these how and why questions implies a much broader scope, of work. Excavation alone cannot answer all these questions. Archaeology needs a structured research process. This procedure is described by Renfrew and Bahn as research design. Research design has f
49、our components, namely: formulation, the collection and recording, processing and analysis and publication. For example, more detailed work in the formulation part can focus lines of enquiry into a specific area and thereby again reduce the amount of excavation required. As the questions currently posed by Archaeologists tend to be more ’strategic’ the focus of the field work is also of a strategic nature. Overall landscapes, context, trading patterns and systems are