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1、考研阅读理解真题英语一考研阅读理解真题英语一1Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses， he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting hi
2、s ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of compan
3、y he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to sh
4、areholder pressure， executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the ju
5、mp without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one
6、is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs
7、 first.”Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2022 with
8、 ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to st
9、ay where you are， but thats been fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27. According to Paragraph
10、 2， senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3， Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of.Battend
11、ed to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is th
12、e best title for the text?ACEOs： Where to Go?BCEOs： All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top Performers考研阅读理解真题英语一2TEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobi
13、le phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is h
14、ard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California's advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines t
15、o police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California's lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect's purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth A
16、mendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one's smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee's reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent corre
17、spondence. The development of cloud computing. meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California's argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution's protections. Orin Kerr, a law professo
18、r, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth
19、 Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toA search for suspects' mobile phones without a warrant.B check suspects' phone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone conte
20、nts.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author's attitude toward California's argument is one ofA tolerance.B indifference.C disapproval.D cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one's phone content is comparable toA getting into one's residence.B h
21、anding one's historical records.C scanning one's correspondences.D going through one's wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.C phones are used to store sensitive in
22、formation.D citizens' privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerr's comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California's argument violates principles of the Constitution
23、.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.考研阅读理解真题英语一3Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trumps use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through oth
24、er source, Not a presidents social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2022 presidential campaign, nearly a qua
25、rter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital nat
26、ives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectivesespecially those
27、 that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2022 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United St
28、ates by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young peoples reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and intere
29、sts. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the proble
30、m of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in ch
31、ief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts onA the justification of the news-fil
32、tering practice.B peoples preference for social media platforms.C the administrations ability to handle information.D social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning toA sharpenB defineC boastD share28. According to the knight foundation sur
33、vey, young peopleA tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B verify news by referring to diverse resources.C have s strong sense of responsibility.D like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem isA readers outdated values.B jo
34、urnalists biased reportingC readers misinterpretationD journalists made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News OnlineB A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting TrendC The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.D
35、The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.考研阅读理解真题英语一4Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession-with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During th
36、e decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of
37、nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Ba
38、r Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ide
39、as have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam
40、 is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.
41、Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from t
42、he pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency. After all
43、, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due toAthe growing demand from clients.Bthe increasing pressure of inflation.Cthe prospect of working in big firms.Dthe attr
44、action of financial rewards.答案：D。该题是因果细微环节题，考察细微环节。首先，依据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文找寻相关信息。第一段未发觉相关信息，然后到其次段看到“The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.”与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项依据原文个别词汇“clients”“
45、inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。留意，第一段的But是个假转折词，并非答案处。27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?AHigher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.BAdmissions approval from the bar association.CPursuing a bachelors degree in another major.DReceiving training by pr
46、ofessional associations.答案：C。该题是细微环节题，考察细微环节。首先依据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，依据题干关键词“the costs of legal education”精确定位到第三段其次句话“One is the excessive costs of a legal education.”问题是“which of the following adds to the costs of legal education”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“There is just one path for a lawyer in most American st
47、ates: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools accredited by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.”分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“This leaves todays average law-school graduate with $100
48、,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项依据四段最终一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates fromAlawyers and clients strong resistance.Bthe rigid bodies governing the profession.Cthe stem exam for would-be lawyers.Dnon-professionals sharp criticism.答案：B。该题是缘由细微环节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，依据题干关键词“the reform of the legal system”定位到其次句“Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profess