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1、 Gender Awareness in the Four Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre: a Feminist Perspective A Thesis Submitted to College of Foreign Languages Qufu Normal University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts By Meng Yingying Under the Supervision of Professor Qin Hongwu Apr
2、il 2011 曲阜师范大学研究生学位论文原创性说明 (根据学位论文类型相应地在 “” 划 “ V” ） 本人郑蜇声明：此处所提交的博士 /硕士 论文翻译中的性别意识：从女 性主义视角解读简 爱四个中译本，是本人在导师指导下，在曲阜师范 大学攻读博士 / 硕士 _位期间独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。论文中除 注明部分外不包含他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果。对本文的研究工作做出 重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中已明确的方式注明。本声明的法律结果 将完全由本人承担。 作者签名 :、皇量 、 g 日期：滅 h ” 曲阜师范大学研究生学位论文使用授权书 (根据学位论文类型相应地在 “” 划 “ V” ）
3、 翻译中的性别意识：从女性主义视角解读简 爱四个中译本系本人在 曲阜师范大学攻读博士 / 硕士 学位期间，在导师指导下完成的博士 / 硕 士应 Z 学位论文。本论文的研究成果归曲阜师范大学所有，本论文的研究内容 不得以其他单位的名义发表。本人完全了解曲阜师范大学关于保存、使用学 位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向有关部门送交论文的复印件和电子版本， 允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权曲阜师范大学，可以采用影印或其他复制 手段保存论文，可以公开发表论文的全部或部分内容。 作者签名： 曰期： 2D|(U 彡 20 世纪 70 年代，翻译界经历了一个跨学科的文化转向，对翻译的研究有很多视角应 运而生，而女性
4、主义视角即性别视角就是其中一个很突山的研究视角。至此，女性主义翻 译理论产生。人们开始关注翻译与社会之间的相互联系，发现其中都隐藏着许多二元对立， 如在翻译中，译作和译者从来都是依附于原作和作者的，而在社会中，女性从来都是依附 于男性的。女性主义翻译理论旨在揭示并批判将翻译和女性降低到文学和社会阶梯最底层 的可相纠缠在一起的那些概念，以动摇维持这种状况的男性权威和父权话语，并提高翻译 和女性的地位。对于传统的翻译理论 和翻译实践来说，女性主义翻译理论是一种 “ 创造性 叛逆 ” 。 本文笔者从译者性别出发，对著名的女性主义小说 Jane Eyre 的四个中译本进行对比分 析，选定的四个译本为：
5、男性译者吴均燮的译本（人民文学出版社 2006 年版 ）， 男性译者 黄源深的译本（南京译林出版社 2000 年版），女性译者祝庆英的译本（上海译文出版社 1988 年版 ）， 以及女性译者史东梅的译本 （ 北方妇女儿童出版社 2009 年版）。 本文通过从女性主义翻译视角，对女性人物的翻译、男性人物的翻译以及语言内容等 层面探讨译者的性别意识在翻译过程中的作用，研究同 一语言现象在不同性别译者的译本 中的差异表达；译作中是否有男权意识，如果有，译者是否一定为男性；译作中出现男权 意识是普遍现象还是个别现象；女译者是否一定在语言使用和翻译策略方面会体现出女性 意识，从而将女性主义翻译理论引入到
6、翻译实践和翻译批评当中来。 我们可以看出 ,不同性别的译者在翻译具有明显女性特征文本时可能会潜意识地产生 一定的女性主义意识 ,而且有的译者会成功地在译文中彰显女性的声音，并体现原作者的创 作用意。研究也发现 ,在中国语境下，译者的女性意识的有无并不是按照自然性别来判定的 , 男性译者在翻译过 程中也能产生与女性译者相似的女性主义意识。而有的女性译者，尽管 是新时代的女性，在其翻译中，并不一定会体现出原作的女性意识，甚至会消除掉原作的 女性意识。 从女性主义翻译视角对简 爱中译本的研究并不是特别多，有必要对其进行更加 综合的研究，从而为女性主义翻译研究添砖加瓦。因为简 爱本身就是一部女性主义
7、小说，所以，如果运用女性主义翻译理论来指导其译作，译者能够将原作中的风采更真实 地展现给中文读者。 关键词：女性主义翻译；女性主义视角；性别意识；简 爱；原作；译 Abstract During the 80s in the 20th century, the translation witnessed a interdisciplinary cultural turn. A variety of perspectives of translation studies emerge as the time requires, in which the feminist perspective,
8、 i.e. gender perspective, is a very prominent one. Till then, the feminist translation theory came into being. People begin to pay attention upon the mutual relations between translation and society, in which people discover that there are many dualistic opposites under cover. In translation, the tr
9、anslated texts and translators and always leech on to the original texts and authors; in society, however, women are always subject to men. The aim of the feminist translation theory is to distinguish and criticize the mutually twisted concepts that expel women and translation to the bottom of the s
10、ociety and literature, including the deconstruction of the traditional translation standard “fidelity”. It hopes to sway the male authority and patriarchal language that keep translation and women in such status and raise the position of translation and women. To the traditional translation theory a
11、nd translation practice, the feminist translation theory is a kind of “creative infidelity”. In the thesis, the present author starts from the gender awareness of the translators to compare and analyze the four Chinese versions of Jane Eyre. The four chosen versions are as follows: the version trans
12、lated by male translator Wu Junxie (published by Peoples Literature Press in 2006), the version translated by male translator Huang Yuanshen (published by Nanjing Yilin Press in 2000)? the version translated by female translator Zhu Qingying (published by Shanghai Translation Press in 1988) and the
13、version translated by female translator Shi Dongmei (published by Northern Women and Children Press in 2009). The thesis explores the influences of gender awareness of translators in the process of translation from the perspective of feminist translation theory. Thorough the comparison of the four t
14、ranslated texts in the level of female characters, male characters and linguistic content etc., we will study the different expressions in the translated texts by male translators and female translators with regards to the same linguistic phenomenon in the original texts. Whether there is men awaren
15、ess in the translated texts, if there is, the translators are definitely male? Do female translators definitely embody the woman awareness in the aspects of linguistic use and translation strategy to draw the feminist translation theory into the translation practice and translation criticism? It can
16、 be concluded that the translators with different sexes may produce a sense of feminist awareness consciously in the translating process of the texts with clear feminist features. Some translators will show the womens voice successfully in the translated texts and reflect the iii purpose of the auth
17、ors creation. From the above study, we know that in some places female translators ignore the feminist features and male translators pay attention to them. The male translators sometimes express gender awareness while the female translators sometimes not. In fact, in the context of China, whether a
18、translator has woman consciousness or not cannot be judged from the natural sex. The male translators can also produce feminist consciousness similar to the female translators1 in the process of translating. Nevertheless, some female translators, even women in new era, are uncertain to express the f
19、eminist consciousness of the original text and they even eliminate the feminist consciousness. Because the recent studies on the translation of Jane Eyre from the feminist perspective are not very enough, it is significant to make comprehensive research on the translation. This novel itself is an ou
20、tstanding feminist novel. Therefore, if the original text is translated in the guide of the feminist translation theory, the translators will convey the meaning of the original text to the Chinese readers more vividly and genuinely. Key words： feminist translation, feminist perspective, gender aware
21、ness, Jane Eyre, the original text， the translated text Contents 曲阜师范大学研究生学位论文原创性说明 . i 麵 . ii Abstract . iii Contents . v Chapter One Introduction . 1 1.1 Background of the Study . 1 1.2 Objective of the Study . 3 1.3 Significance of the Study . 3 1.4 Methodology of the Study . 4 1.5 Framework of t
22、he Study . 5 Chapter Two Literature Review . 6 2.1 Previous Studies on Feminist Translation Theory . 6 2.1.1 Studies on Feminist Translation Theory in Western Countries . 6 2.1.2 Studies on Feminist Translation Theory in China . 9 2.2 Previous Studies on Jane Eyre . 10 2.2.1 Studies on the Original
23、Text oiJane Eyre . 11 2.2.2 Studies on the Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre . 12 Chapter Three An Introduction to the Feminist Translation Theory . 14 3.1 On the Relations between Woman and Translation. 14 3.2 On the Relations between Feminism and Translation . 15 3.3 Feminist Translation theory. 16 3.
24、3.1 Gender Identity and Gender Awareness . 16 3.3.2 the Author/the Original Text and Translator/the Translated Text. 18 3.3.3 Redefinition of Faithfulness . 18 3.3.4 Practical Methods of the Theory . 19 Chapter Four Analysis of the Four Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre . 21 4.1 An Introduction to the O
25、riginal Text . 21 4.1.1 Charlotte Bronte and Jane Eyre . 21 4.1.2 Gender Awareness in Jane Eyre . 23 4.2 A General Introduction to the Four Chinese Versions . 24 4.3 A Comparative Study of the Four Chinese Versions . 25 4.3.1 A Case Study of the Four Chinese Versions . 25 V 4.3.1.1 Prefaces and Foot
26、notes . 25 4.3.1.2 Translation of iMan Characters/Images . 26 4.3.1.3 Translation of Woman Characters/Images . 28 4.3.1.4 Use of Interjections/Expletives . 32 4.3.1.5 Mood of the Sentences . 33 4.3.1.6 Reproduction of Janes Image . 35 Chapter Five Conclusions . 41 Bibliography . 42 在校期间的研究成果及发表的学术论文
27、 . 44 Acknowledgements . 45 Chapter One Introduction Jane Eyre, written by the celebrated female novelist Charlotte Bronte, is a novel filled with many feminist features. Charlotte Bronte wrote several novels, of which Jane Eyre is the most famous one. Published in 1847, the novel took the general r
28、eading public by stonn with its impressive romantic love story. It creates a rebellious image of Jane, a self-respecting, decisive, persistent, smart young woman who struggles for independence, self-emancipation and claims equal treatment and rights from the male-dominated society. Jane Eyre has bro
29、ught about many hot discussions. Many works and journals have analyzed the heroine Jane and other characters or this novel. The novel is thought to be a feminist one and its author has been acclaimed as the pioneer of feminism. Feminist translation theory is a radical rebel against the traditional c
30、ulture and male-dominated society. It also challenges the traditional philosophical foundations. Feminist translation theory has developed and flourished in the western countries for decades. Applying feminism to translation study gives people a new perspective to understand the complexity of transl
31、ation. It gives great influence over the society, culture and politics of the western world. Feminist translation theory advocates that translation is a process of re-writing and re-creation of the original text. Translation is a kind of social activity. The translator has an equal status to the aut
32、hor as the translated text to the original text. 1.1 Background of the Study Up to now, feminism has experienced three waves in the West, respectively from the mid-19th century to the nineteen 20s, from the nineteen 60s to the nineteen-80s and in the nineteen 90s. The second wave aims to “eliminate
33、the inequality between man and woman， and “it regards the inequality as the base of the situation that woman depends upon man”， and “it criticizes sexism, gender discrimination and male power”（ Li Yinhe， 2005:26). The concept of gender is always the core of the second feminist movement. Gender does
34、not mean sex, but mean “social gender， that is “the social construction of gender”. The constructive feature of gender makes feminists realize: that woman is unequally treated and has a lower social class is not decided by sex but by acquired education and cultural environment. They also realize tha
35、t i language is not only a tool to communicate but a tool to shape and manipulate woman. If we want to change the situation, we must start with language, refonn language and even reconstruct womans language. Translation has focused on “fidelity” and accuracy” since ancient times. In the translation
36、materials, there are plenty of metaphoric of gender, among which “unfaithfol beauty” is the most famous one. Aloysius Betrand (1807-1841), the originator of French prose poem also said, Translation is just like woman who is beautiful but not faithful or who is faithful but not beautiful”（ He Xianbin
37、， 2003:40). There are still some similar sayings， such as “maidservant” ， “woman matchmaker”. These metaphors of gender indicate that many binary opposition concepts are concealed in the translation studies, such as the source text and the translated text, author and translator and so on. The former
38、 are considered authoritative, productive and perfect; the latter are considered lower, affiliated and defective. The connection between translation and feminism is caused by their similar status. Woman is an attachment to man and the translated text is an attachment to the source text; woman is def
39、ective and the translated text in which the original meaning or style is always missing cannot be completely faithful to the source text. During the 1970s, translation studies experienced an interdisciplinary cultural turn. Many perspectives have turned out, among which the feminist perspective is very prominent. The “Cultural Turn” in translation studies is thought to be one of the most important developments since 1980s, for it provides scholars with a great chance to study translat