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1、2022年考研英语考试考前冲刺卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 1In most people’s mind, growth is associated with prosperity. We judge how well the economy is doing by the size of the Gross National Product (GNP), a measure, supposedly, of growth. Equally ax
2、iomatic, however, is the notion that increased pressure on declining natural resources must inevitably lead to a decline in prosperity, especially when accompanied by a growth in population. So, which is correctWhat growth advocates mean, primarily, when they say growth is necessary for prosperity i
3、s that growth is necessary for the smooth functioning of the economic system. In one field the argument in favor of growth is particularly compelling and that is with regard to the Third World. To argue against growth in light of Third World poverty and degradation seems unsympathetic. But is it Cou
4、ld it be that growth, especially the growth of the wealthier countries, has contributed to the impoverishment, not the advancement, of Third World countries If not, how do we account for the desperate straits these countries find themselves in today after a century of dedication to growthTo see how
5、this might be the case we must look at the impact of growth on Third World countriesthe reality, not the abstract stages-of-economic-growth theory advocated through rose-colored glasses by academicians of the developed world. What good is growth to the people of the Third World if it means the conve
6、rsion of peasant farms into mechanized agri-businesses producing commodities not for local consumption but for export, if it means the stripping of their land of its mineral and other natural treasures to the benefit of foreign investors and a handful of their local collaborators, if it means the as
7、sumption of a crushing foreign indebtednessAdmittedly, this is an oversimplification. But the point, I believe, remains valid: that growth in underdeveloped countries cannot simply be judged in the abstract; it must be judged based on the true nature of growth in these societies, on who benefits and
8、 who is harmed, on where growth is leading these people and where it has left them. When considered in this way, it just might be that in the pre sent context growth is more detrimental to the well-being of the wretched of the earth than beneficial.So, do we need growth for prosperity Only the adopt
9、ion of zero growth can provide the answer. But that is a test not easily undertaken. Modem economies are incredibly complex phenomena, a tribute to man’s ability to organize and a challenge to his ability to understand. Anything that affects their functioning, such as a policy of zero growth,
10、should not be proposed without a wary carefulness and self-doubting humility. But if the prospect of leaping into the economic unknown is fear-inspiring, equally so is the prospect of letting that fear prevent us from acting when the failure to act could mean untold misery for future generations and
11、 perhaps environmental disaster which threaten our very existence.The authors attitude towards the impact of growth on the current socio-economic situation is（）Anegative,Bpositive.Ccontradictory.Duncertain.2.Text 2IT is a startling claim, but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effect:
12、 the equivalent of two classrooms, full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America, where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills, pills and medical bills of the
13、 elderly.Cancer kills more children than any other disease in America. Although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades, the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease, increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.Grisly th
14、ough these statistics are, they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer (41,000 each year) and lung cancer (164,000). Advocates for more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost. The average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six, whil
15、e the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci, a pediatric cancer expert at Johns Hopkins, points out that in terms of total life-years saved, the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.There is an obvious element of s
16、pecial pleading in such calculations. All the same, breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity, private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer, a term which covers people up to 20 years old, receives one-twentieth of the
17、 federal research money doled out by the National Cancer Institute. Funding, moan pediatric researchers, has not kept pace with rising costs in the field, and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3 % this year.There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let rese
18、archers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adult sufferers. A pilot childhood-cancer registry is in the works. Groups like Mr Reaman’s now get cash directly from Congress. But it is plainly a problem most politicians don’t know much about.T
19、he biggest problem could lie with 15 - 19-ycar-olds. Those diagnosed with cancer have not seen the same improvement in their chances as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physical explanations for this: teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different s
20、orts of cancer. But Archie Bleyer, a pediatric oncologist at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre in Texas, has produced some data implying that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly.The authors attitude towards the cur
21、rent state of childhood cancer（）Aconcerned.Bdesperate.Ccarefree.Dindignant.3.Text 2IT is a startling claim, but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effect: the equivalent of two classrooms, full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs Pryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter
22、 to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America, where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills, pills and medical bills of the elderly.Cancer kills more children than any other disease in America. Although there have been tremendous gains in cancer survival
23、 rates in recent decades, the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease, increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.Grisly though these statistics are, they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to breast cancer (41,000 each year) a
24、nd lung cancer (164,000). Advocates for more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost. The average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six, while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci, a pediatric cancer expert at Johns Hopkins, points out that in t
25、erms of total life-years saved, the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations. All the same, breast cancer has attracted a flurry of publicity, private fund-raising and mon
26、ey from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer, a term which covers people up to 20 years old, receives one-twentieth of the federal research money doled out by the National Cancer Institute. Funding, moan pediatric researchers, has not kept pace with ris
27、ing costs in the field, and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3 % this year.There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adult sufferers. A pilot childhood-cance
28、r registry is in the works. Groups like Mr Reaman’s now get cash directly from Congress. But it is plainly a problem most politicians don’t know much about.The biggest problem could lie with 15 - 19-ycar-olds. Those diagnosed with cancer have not seen the same improvement in their chance
29、s as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physical explanations for this: teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different sorts of cancer. But Archie Bleyer, a pediatric oncologist at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre in Texas, has produced some data imply
30、ing that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly.According to Robert Arceci, child cancer research is also worth funding because（）Athe statistics of child cancer is rather scary.Ba saved child may enjoy a longer life
31、 span.Cadults with cancer do not deserve that much funding.Dfunding on child cancer is economical and effective.4.Text 2IT is a startling claim, but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effect: the equivalent of two classrooms, full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs P
32、ryce lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America, where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills, pills and medical bills of the elderly.Cancer kills more children than any other disease in America. Although there have bee
33、n tremendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades, the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease, increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.Grisly though these statistics are, they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost
34、to breast cancer (41,000 each year) and lung cancer (164,000). Advocates for more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost. The average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six, while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci, a pediatric cancer expert a
35、t Johns Hopkins, points out that in terms of total life-years saved, the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations. All the same, breast cancer has attracted a flurry of pu
36、blicity, private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer, a term which covers people up to 20 years old, receives one-twentieth of the federal research money doled out by the National Cancer Institute. Funding, moan pediatric re
37、searchers, has not kept pace with rising costs in the field, and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3 % this year.There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adu
38、lt sufferers. A pilot childhood-cancer registry is in the works. Groups like Mr Reaman’s now get cash directly from Congress. But it is plainly a problem most politicians don’t know much about.The biggest problem could lie with 15 - 19-ycar-olds. Those diagnosed with cancer have not seen
39、 the same improvement in their chances as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physical explanations for this: teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different sorts of cancer. But Archie Bleyer, a pediatric oncologist at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre i
40、n Texas, has produced some data implying that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly.The author writes this passage to（）Ainspire greater concern for the well being of children.Bwarn people of the harms caused by can
41、cer.Cinterpret the possible cause of child cancer.Dchange the public's indifference to kids with cancer.5.Text 2IT is a startling claim, but one that Congresswoman Deborah Pryce uses to good effect: the equivalent of two classrooms, full of children are diagnosed with cancer every day. Mrs Pryce
42、 lost her own 9-year-old daughter to cancer in 1999. Pediatric cancer remains a little-understood issue in America, where the health-care debate is consumed with the ills, pills and medical bills of the elderly.Cancer kills more children than any other disease in America. Although there have been tr
43、emendous gains in cancer survival rates in recent decades, the proportion of children and teens diagnosed with different forms of the disease, increased by almost a third between 1975 and 2001.Grisly though these statistics are, they are still tiny when set beside the number of adult lives lost to b
44、reast cancer (41,000 each year) and lung cancer (164,000). Advocates for more money for child cancer prefer to look at life-years lost. The average age for cancer diagnosis in a young child is six, while the average adult is diagnosed in their late 60s. Robert Arceci, a pediatric cancer expert at Jo
45、hns Hopkins, points out that in terms of total life-years saved, the benefit from curing pediatric cancer victims is roughly the same as curing adults with breast cancer.There is an obvious element of special pleading in such calculations. All the same, breast cancer has attracted a flurry of public
46、ity, private fund-raising and money from government. Childhood cancer has received less attention and cash. Pediatric cancer, a term which covers people up to 20 years old, receives one-twentieth of the federal research money doled out by the National Cancer Institute. Funding, moan pediatric resear
47、chers, has not kept pace with rising costs in the field, and NCI money for collaborative research will actually be cut by 3 % this year.There is no national pediatric cancer registry that would let researchers track child and teenage patients through their lives as they can do in the case of adult s
48、ufferers. A pilot childhood-cancer registry is in the works. Groups like Mr Reaman’s now get cash directly from Congress. But it is plainly a problem most politicians don’t know much about.The biggest problem could lie with 15 - 19-ycar-olds. Those diagnosed with cancer have not seen the
49、 same improvement in their chances as younger children and older adults have done. There are some physical explanations for this: teenagers who have passed adolescence are more vulnerable to different sorts of cancer. But Archie Bleyer, a pediatric oncologist at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Centre in Texas, has produced some data implying that lack of health insurance plays a role. Older teenagers and young adults are less likely to be covered and checked regularly.Those 15-19-year-olds diagnosed with can